Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a major insect pest affecting corn globally. S. frugiperda often coincides with maize diseases, as their damage periods overlap. Consequently, S. frugiperda may be exposed to varying types and quantities of these fungicides during the growing season. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin on the biological and physiological traits of S. frugiperda. Treatment with difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin significantly prolonged the pupal development period in the F0 generation of S. frugiperda compared to the control group. Additionally, exposure to difenoconazole shortened the development periods of the 1st and 6th instar larvae and reduced the adult preoviposition period (APOP) in the F1 generation of S. frugiperda. However, it extended the development period of the 4th instar larvae and pupae, as well as overall longevity. The pyraclostrobin treatment group exhibited a shorter development period of 2nd instar larvae, as well as longer longevity, and more eggs/per female in the F1 generation of S. frugiperda. Compared to the control group, the fecundity of the offspring of the pyraclostrobin treatment group increased by 68.24%. Furthermore, treatment with difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin significantly increased the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) in the F1 generation of S. frugiperda, while significantly reducing the mean generation time (T). Additionally, mRNA expression levels of CYP6AN4, CYP340L1, CYP321A10, CYP341A11, GST19, GST22, CE13059, CXE23, ABC01998, ABC18240, and UGT17742 were significantly elevated in F0 individuals from larvae treated with difenoconazole. Meanwhile, the relative expression levels of CYP6AN4, CYP340L1, CYP314A1, GST19, GST22, CE13095, CXE20, ABC01998, ABC18240, ABC22158, and ABC22158 in the larvae (F0) exposed to pyraclostrobin were also elevated. Compared to the control and difenoconazole treatment groups, the expression of the vitellogenin gene (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) was significantly upregulated after pyraclostrobin treatment. The effects of difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin on the biological and reproductive performance of S. frugiperda could aid in optimizing the management strategies for this insect species.

中文翻译：

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苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯对草地贪夜蛾发育、繁殖和解毒代谢的影响 （JE Smith）


草地贪夜蛾 （J.E. Smith） 是影响全球玉米的主要害虫。S. frugiperda 通常与玉米病害同时发生，因为它们的损害期重叠。因此，草地贪夜蛾在生长季节可能会接触到不同类型和数量的这些杀菌剂。本研究的目的是确定苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯对草地贪夜蛾生物学和生理特性的影响。与对照组相比，苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯治疗显著延长了草地贪夜蛹 F0 代的蛹发育期。此外，暴露于苯醚甲环唑缩短了 1 龄和 6 龄幼虫的发育期，并缩短了 F1 代草地贪夜蛾的成虫产卵前期 （APOP）。然而，它延长了 4 龄幼虫和蛹的发育期，以及整体寿命。吡唑醚菌酯处理组在 F1 代草地贪夜蛾幼虫中表现出较短的 2 龄幼虫发育期较短，寿命较长，每只雌虫的卵数较高。与对照组相比，吡唑醚菌酯处理组后代的繁殖力提高了 68.24%。此外，苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯处理显著提高了草地贪夜蛾 F1 代的内在增加率 （r） 和有限增加率 （λ），同时显着缩短了平均生成时间 （T）。此外，在苯醚甲环唑处理的幼虫 F0 个体中，CYP6AN4、CYP340L1、CYP321A10、CYP341A11、GST19、GST22、CE13059、CXE23、ABC01998、ABC18240 和 UGT17742 的 mRNA 表达水平显著升高。 同时，吡唑醚菌酯暴露幼虫 （F0） 中 CYP6AN4、CYP340L1、CYP314A1、GST19、GST22、CE13095、CXE20、ABC01998、ABC18240、ABC22158 和 ABC22158 的相对表达水平也升高。与对照组和苯醚甲环唑治疗组相比，吡唑醚菌酯处理后卵黄菌素基因 （Vg） 和卵黄菌素受体 （VgR） 的表达显著上调。苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯对 S. frugiperda 的生物学和繁殖性能的影响可能有助于优化该昆虫物种的管理策略。