The escalating impacts of climate change are exacerbating the spread and intensity of Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), a devastating grapevine disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Growers have traditionally relied on synthetic fungicides to manage BBR, but the increasing resistance of B. cinerea to these chemicals, coupled with growing environmental concerns, has intensified the search for more sustainable and eco-friendly control strategies. Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) have emerged as a promising alternative for BBR management. This review explores research on using MBCAs to control BBR in grapevine fields. Various microorganisms have shown efficacy, including bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. ginsengihumi, Pantoea agglomerans or Pseudomonas fluorescens, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Metschnikowia fructicola or Candida sake, and filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma asperellum, T. pseudokoningii, Fusarium solani or Ulocladium atrum. These MBCAs employ diverse mechanisms of action, including direct antagonism through competition for space and nutrients, the production of lytic enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls, and the induction of plant defense mechanisms at both local and systemic levels. However, the effectiveness of these MBCAs can be influenced by environmental factors, with high temperatures and low humidity generally favoring their activity. Further research is needed to optimize MBCA application methods, elucidate the complex interactions between MBCAs, the pathogen, and the grapevine host, and explore the potential of combining multiple MBCAs for enhanced disease control. Integrating MBCAs with other sustainable practices offers a more holistic approach to BBR management, paving the way for a more environmentally friendly and effective strategy to combat this devastating disease.

中文翻译：

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葡萄 （Vitis vinifera） 作物灰霉病 （Botrytis cinerea） 的微生物生物防治：荟萃分析


气候变化不断升级的影响正在加剧灰霉病 （BBR） 的传播和强度，BBR 是一种由坏死真菌灰霉菌引起的毁灭性葡萄病。种植者传统上依靠合成杀菌剂来管理 BBR，但灰霉菌对这些化学物质的耐药性越来越强，再加上对环境问题的日益严重，加剧了对更可持续和环保控制策略的寻找。微生物生物防治剂 （MBCA） 已成为 BBR 管理的有前途的替代方案。本文探讨了使用 MBCA 控制葡萄田 BBR 的研究。各种微生物都显示出疗效，包括枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、芽孢杆菌、人森吉胡芽孢杆菌、凝聚体或荧光假单胞菌等细菌，酿酒酵母、Metschnikowia fructicola 或念珠菌清酒，以及丝状真菌，如木霉、假科宁木霉、冻索镰刀菌或 Ulocladium atrum。这些 MBCA 采用多种作用机制，包括通过竞争空间和营养物质进行直接拮抗、产生降解真菌细胞壁的裂解酶以及在局部和全身水平上诱导植物防御机制。然而，这些 MBCA 的有效性会受到环境因素的影响，高温和低湿度通常有利于它们的活性。需要进一步的研究来优化 MBCA 应用方法，阐明 MBCAs、病原体和葡萄藤宿主之间的复杂相互作用，并探索结合多种 MBCA 以加强疾病控制的潜力。 将 MBCA 与其他可持续实践相结合，提供了一种更全面的 BBR 管理方法，为更环保和有效的策略来对抗这种毁灭性疾病铺平了道路。