The decline in fitness levels among children and adolescents underscores the urgent need for effective exercise interventions. Aerobic endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) are vital for physical development in this demographic. This study employs multivariate and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of concurrent training (CT), which integrates both ET and RT, on youth physical fitness. The objective is to identify the distinct advantages of CT over either ET or RT alone, emphasizing demographic and training‐specific variables. A systematic literature review of publications from 1980 onward was conducted through ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases, adhering to the PICOS criteria for study selection. Data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and network meta‐analyses in Stata 17.0, focusing on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the PEDro scale and Egger's test, along with sensitivity analyses and meta‐regression to explore heterogeneity and publication bias. This analysis included 36 studies with 2658 participants (mean age: 14.32 ± 2.29 years) from an initial 11 074 publications, indicating low bias risk (PEDro scores ≥ 6). Univariate meta‐analysis showed no significant differences in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) between CT and ET (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.23 to 0.25; p = 0.93). In contrast, CT significantly improved countermovement jump (CMJ) compared to RT alone (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.01–0.36; p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis confirmed notable enhancements in endurance and explosiveness for CT compared to ET or RT. NMA indicated significant improvements in lower limb strength, CMJ, and VO2max across interventions compared to controls, with the consecutive resistance training followed by ET (CRE) group yielding the most significant CMJ improvement (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.07–0.47). Isolated RT showed the highest lower limb strength improvement (SUCRA score 80.1%), while CRE excelled in CMJ advancements (SUCRA score 93.4%), and the CRED group (alternating ET and RT) led in VO2max improvements (SUCRA score 81.6%). Furthermore, high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) significantly enhanced VO2max compared to team sports. This meta‐analysis emphasizes the effectiveness of CT in improving muscle power and VO2max in children and adolescents, surpassing isolated ET or RT, and advocates for integrating ET and RT to optimize physical performance. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying these enhancements.Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022368452

中文翻译：

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同步有氧和力量训练对儿童和青少年健身的协同作用：一项多变量和网络荟萃分析


儿童和青少年健康水平的下降凸显了对有效运动干预的迫切需求。有氧耐力训练 （ET） 和阻力训练 （RT） 对于这一人群的身体发育至关重要。本研究采用多变量和网络荟萃分析 （NMA） 来评估整合 ET 和 RT 的同步训练 （CT） 对青少年身体健康的影响。目的是确定 CT 相对于单独 ET 或 RT 的明显优势，强调人口统计学和培训特异性变量。通过 ISI Web of Science、PubMed/MEDLINE 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库对 1980 年以来的出版物进行了系统的文献综述，遵循 PICOS 研究选择标准。在 Stata 17.0 中使用单变量、多变量和网络荟萃分析对数据进行分析，重点关注心肺健康和肌肉力量。使用 PEDro 量表和 Egger 检验以及敏感性分析和 meta 回归评估方法学质量和偏倚风险，以探讨异质性和发表偏倚。该分析包括36项研究，涉及2658名参与者（平均年龄：14.32±2.29岁），来自最初的11074篇出版物，表明偏倚风险较低（PEDro评分≥6）。单变量荟萃分析显示 CT 和 ET 之间最大摄氧量 （VO2max） 无显著差异 （标准化均数差 [SMD] = 0.01;95% 置信区间 [CI]：-0.23 至 0.25;p = 0.93）。相比之下，与单独 RT 相比，CT 显著改善了反向运动跳跃 （CMJ） （SMD = 0.19;95% CI： 0.01–0.36;p = 0.04）。多变量分析证实，与 ET 或 RT 相比，CT 的耐力和爆发力显着增强。 NMA 表明，与对照组相比，干预措施的下肢力量、CMJ 和 VO2max 有显著改善，连续阻力训练后 ET （CRE） 组产生最显着的 CMJ 改善 （SMD = 0.27;95% CI： 0.07-0.47）。孤立 RT 显示最高的下肢力量改善 （SUCRA 评分 80.1%），而 CRE 在 CMJ 进步方面表现出色 （SUCRA 评分 93.4%），CRED 组 （交替 ET 和 RT） 在 VO2max 改善方面领先 （SUCRA 评分 81.6%）。此外，与团队运动相比，高强度间歇训练 （HIIT） 显着增强了 VO2max。本荟萃分析强调 CT 在改善儿童和青少年肌肉力量和 VO2max 方面的有效性，超过孤立的 ET 或 RT，并倡导整合 ET 和 RT 以优化身体表现。未来的研究应探索这些增强功能背后的机制。试用注册：PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42022368452