Objectives Many police agencies now find it difficult to recruit and retain officers. To learn more about these issues, we used a factorial survey experiment to test whether recruitment materials inspired by the intergroup communication literature are more effective than standard police recruitment materials. Methods We showed vignettes to a sample of 378 communication students. Within the vignettes

Previous reviews and meta-analysis have not adequately explored the impact of specific parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) subtypes on offspring’s health. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between parental ACE subtypes and various offspring health outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, Web

Using representative data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS-2019), we aim to investigate whether violent physical and sexual victimization differs by sexual orientation in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study using data from a nationwide household-based survey. The PNS sample was selected with a three-stage cluster sampling. Prevalence of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had suffered

Research has long demonstrated that adolescents with sexual problem behaviors (PSB-A) have variations in developmental antecedents and types of sexually problematic behaviors. The knowledge of adult and adolescent between-group variation has contributed to further complexities in classifying within-group differences in adolescents with typological research being at the forefront of this conversation

Research on the intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence (IPV), or the “cycle of violence,” from childhood exposure (G1) to the perpetration of IPV in adulthood relationships (G2), has increased over the past decades. The link between childhood exposure to interparental violence and future IPV perpetration is largely explained by postulations from social and psychological theories

Literature on stress and intimate partner violence (IPV) has primarily focused on stress as an outcome of women’s experience of IPV. However, stress may also be a predictor of male-perpetrated IPV. To improve our understanding of how theoretical approaches to stress have been applied to IPV research, we conducted a sub-analysis of a broader systematic review to identify published literature that examines

Nonconsensual distribution (NCD) of sexual images and videos is prevalent among emerging adults, frequently co-occurs with other types of violence and is associated with psychological distress. Due to its often-public nature, NCD has been theorized to have unique negative psychological effects on survivors. Yet, there is limited research that quantifies the comparative and combined psychological impact

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment after release from prison. We compared prisoners receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to prisoners receiving no MOUD, on a number of outcome variables. Self-reported drug use was confirmed with laboratory tests. Methods A sample of 247 prisoners in German prisons completed the European

Previous research shows that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) often justify violence, which can play a role in the persistence of violence. The present studies examined whether the victim’s justification of violence negatively affects third parties’ evaluative responses toward the victim (general evaluation of the victim, victim blaming, and evaluation of the victim’s response toward the

This paper examines the meaning of violence in contemporary Western societies. Scholars have argued that in contemporary Western societies, the concept is expanding toward a broader understanding of violence, beyond its “traditional” usage in the context of crime and war. The current paper aims to generate empirical evidence that speaks to this question. We take the Netherlands as a case study and

Most sexual assault survivors disclose to informal supporters and receive both negative and positive social reactions. Converging evidence suggests that the first months after sexual assault are a period of increased support-seeking that may be uniquely important to survivors’ recovery, especially among survivors at risk of chronic post-traumatic stress and alcohol misuse. However, no research has

Impact of crime (IOC) interventions are delivered to justice-involved populations to increase sensitivity to and awareness of the harm experienced by crime victims. Such programs are common, but empirical evaluations have been rare. This study addressed that gap by evaluating an IOC intervention used with residential youth in Florida. The study focused on two questions. First, did IOC participants

Objective This paper introduces the Titanium Law of Evaluation, emphasizing the importance of implementation fidelity and local contextual adaptation in program evaluations within criminology. Method Through an examination of the past and current conversations in criminology around the role of randomized controlled trials, the paper highlights the critical but often overlooked aspect of deliberate

Objectives Restorative justice (RJ) is a victim-centered approach to addressing injustice, providing those harmed with empowerment and restitution. Yet, the application of RJ to sexual assault (SA) or domestic violence (DV) cases is rare and contentious. Method In a broad systematic review yielding 12,461 candidate reports, we identified four eligible studies relayed through five reports (N = 692 participants)

Although positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may serve as protective factors against the negative consequences of childhood adversity, they have been less extensively studied. However, more recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of these experiences. This systematic review aims to address this research gap by systematizing the existing literature on PCEs and examining

Violence against women with disabilities has received more attention in recent years recognizing the intersectionality of experiences of abuse, yet little is known about the less visible forms of disability such as speech and language disorders. This review aimed to identify and synthesize existing literature exploring the relationship between speech and language disorders and victimization, including

Indigenous people experience disproportionally higher rates of sexual violence, but we know little about how to prevent sexual violence among this population. The purpose of this study was to understand the perspectives (e.g., causes, prevention) of sexual violence among an Indigenous community residing on a large rural Indian Reservation in the Northern Great Plains. The study conducted seven focus

Although many psychosocial strengths have been explored, there remains a need to identify under-appreciated strengths that help people overcome trauma. The objective of this study was to explore the resilience potential of 16 psychosocial strengths—including 4 understudied strengths (positive emotion regulation, self-reliance, relational motivation, and group connectedness)—for helping people overcome

About one-third of sexual minority men (SMM) report intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, and one-fourth report IPV perpetration, in their lifetime. IPV disclosure and help seeking are key processes of coping with or managing exposure to abuse. We surveyed 500 SMM residing across the United States who enrolled in project EROS (Empowering Relationships and Opportunities for Safety). In all

Sexual coercion is a widespread public health concern, especially among college students, and is associated with a multitude of negative consequences for survivors. Prior studies document an association between exposure to violent pornography and engagement in sexual coercion among men, although longitudinal examination of this association is largely absent. Using a prospective design, the current

This study explores whether and how respondents’ racial/ethnic identity affects racial/ethnic hate crime perception, considering the races/ethnicities of the offender and the victim. The data of this study comes from a factorial survey experiment with random vignette assignments among U.S. adults from MTurk ( n = 2,021). A set of logistic regression models with robust standard errors was estimated

Community violence (CV) is associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and anger; however, many individuals also exhibit resilience. Considering the multifinality of outcomes following CV and guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems framework, the current study sought to examine individual, microsystem, and exosystem level factors in relation to

Many men experience strong negative emotions and a “diminished masculinity” following sexual victimization. These men may be more willing to express anger, rather than more vulnerable emotions (e.g., shame), in an attempt to maintain their masculinity. However, increased expression of anger among men is linked to other negative outcomes such as increased substance abuse (Eftekhari et al., 2004), suggesting

Victims of childhood maltreatment often experience revictimization later in life. However, there is scant knowledge of the explanatory mechanisms that generate this phenomenon. Problematic substance use is a maladaptive coping strategy that may increase the risk of revictimization after maltreatment. We used linear regressions and mediation analyses to investigate the explanatory role of problematic

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global concern that has a large impact on both victims and society. Understanding factors that contribute to the perpetration of IPV can help prevent harm. Personality disorders are largely related to IPV perpetration according to recent research; however, there is a large amount of overlap between different personality disorders, and it has been suggested that

According to the just world hypothesis, people need to believe that they deserve what they get and get what they deserve. This belief in a just world (BJW) seems to be related to antisocial behavior. However, the mechanisms that underlie this relationship have not been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between BJW for others (BJW-Other; the belief that people, other

This study aimed to extend limited extant knowledge of female-perpetrated sexual offenses, including child sexual abuse material (CSAM) offenses, that enter the criminal justice system. Sexual offenses actioned by the police in one jurisdiction of Australia between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2021 ( N = 37,864) were analyzed to explore the prevalence of sexual offenses and types of sexual offenses perpetrated;

Objectives We examined the inferences authors of articles published in violence journals draw from studies about the relationship between attitudes and violent offending. Methods Participants (N = 120, 58.3% women) were randomly assigned to one of 12 hypothetical studies, which varied on research design and whether the results were intuitive or counterintuitive. Results Participants rarely incorrectly

Sexual violence is a worldwide issue that impacts many individuals, often with serious and long-lasting effects. Students represent a high-risk group for sexual violence on campuses. As a result, various government initiatives have called for Universities and Colleges to develop policies and sexual violence prevention initiatives. However, much of the focus has been on the effect of the initiatives

The role of bystanders in bullying and cyberbullying prevention is crucial. Strategies must be tailored to address the shared and unique factors in online and offline contexts, ensuring that interventions create an environment where bystanders are empowered and feel responsible to act against bullying and cyberbullying. This meta-analysis examines and compares the effectiveness of interventions in

To what extent are barbers willing to act as allies in addressing the abuse of women within Black communities? The study focused on barbers primarily serving Black clients. To gage the cultural viability of utilizing barbershops as intervention sites for intimate partner violence, the authors of this article conducted surveys among barbers in Black communities. The surveys explored the barbers’ interest

This study examined current evidence on children’s pathways into commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) in the United States to determine if characteristics, vulnerabilities, and social contexts were distinguishable by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and location. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, peer-reviewed studies and grey literature were included if

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can be extremely traumatic, and their impact on health throughout the life course has been a public policy issue all around the world. Oral health conditions significantly influence quality of life, but its relationship with ACEs among children and adolescents is not well defined. This systematic review investigated the association between ACEs and oral health outcomes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fit of an explanatory theoretical model of the relationship between sexual double standards (SDS) and violence in intimate partner relationships when empathy and online access to sexual material are taken into account. Cluster sampling was used to select 490 university students for participation in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.89 years

Most self-reported victims of child sexual abuse are harmed by peers or known older youth with the average age of first-time sexual perpetration being between 11 and 16 years. In this retrospective review of inquiries made to the WhatsOK helpline over an 18.5-month period, we examine the characteristics of contacts to a helpline for youth with questions about their sexual interests and behaviors. Data

LGBTQIA+ individuals experience higher rates of sexual violence victimization than their heterosexual, cisgender counterparts. Emerging research suggests unique barriers to disclosure and help-seeking in the aftermath of sexual assault, but relatively little work has examined LGBTQIA+ identity-related concerns discussed in a help-seeking context. This study examined anonymous, archival data, from a

The use of alcohol or other drugs to facilitate sexual violence (AOD-facilitated sexual violence) is a public health concern. There are significant gaps in knowledge on victimization, perpetration, contexts, impacts, and attitudes. Using a scoping review method, we mapped existing peer-reviewed, global literature to examine what is known about AOD-facilitated sexual violence to inform the development

Research summaryWe tested the effectiveness of virtual response in policing as an alternative to the traditional physical presence of officers to nonemergency calls for service. We randomly assigned 1059 eligible calls to either virtual or in‐person responses. We estimated the results in terms of waiting time, criminal justice outcomes, cost efficiency, and victim satisfaction based on a representative

This study examined the use of teasing during observed videotaped interactions of Mexican American adolescent dating couples ( N = 34; 15–17 years old) from an urban area of the Southwest United States. During the interaction task, couples discussed two relationship problems for 14 min and nearly all interactions (88.2%) contained teasing. In turn, we developed a grounded theory of teasing that delineated

This article systematically reviewed research findings of five sexual assault case outcomes (founding, arrest, referral to prosecution, charging, and conviction) between 2000 and 2020. Records were collected from PsychINFO and ProQuest and had to report at least one quantitative criminal justice outcome, include data from a U.S. sample and involve original research. Thirty-six records (288,066 sexual

Exposure to cyberviolence among adolescents has become a societal issue in the media-saturated world. In this study, we examine whether or not exposure to violent media content, victimization or perpetration experiences, parental and teacher intervention, susceptibility, knowledge of viable responses when exposed to cyberviolence, and awareness of legal consequences influence the witnessing of cyberviolence

The vast majority of theoretical and empirical research assessing sexual assault (SA) focuses on man-against-woman SA (MWSA), leaving other forms such as woman-against-woman SA (WWSA) understudied. Relatively simple questions, such as the relative frequency of WWSA for women of different sexual orientations, the tactics (e.g., coercion, force), or forms (e.g., groping, vaginal penetration) employed

Though sexual assault is prevalent among college campuses, there is a paucity of research on whether risk factors vary for different racial/ethnic groups. As such, this article examines familial and individual risk factors and three sexual assault types (coercive, physically forced, and incapacitated) with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to see whether such risks

Objective This study aims to explore susceptibility to phishing emails by analysing the visual patterns of individuals. Method A quasi-experimental study was developed, using 28 emails (13 phishing; 13 legitimate; 2 control) which were subdivided into two groups (G1; G2) and presented to the participants who looked at a set of 15 emails. The sample consisted of 70 participants. Results Phishing emails

Considering the high prevalence and detrimental developmental outcomes of traditional victimization, it is imperative to explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of traditional victimization to formulate targeted prevention interventions. Previous studies have shown a significant and positive association between childhood emotional neglect and traditional victimization. To our knowledge, there

Research SummaryPretrial reform is driving criminal justice policy debates across the nation. The In re Humphrey decision required the San Francisco County criminal court to set bail levels based on defendant ability to pay rather than the county bail schedule. Under this new policy, the rate of pretrial detention fell by 11%. We find defendants released pretrial were less likely to be convicted (a

Sexual assault is a widespread problem among institutions of higher education. Students whose gender and/or sexuality are minoritized (GSM; non-cisgender and/or non-heterosexual) are especially vulnerable to experiencing sexual assault and its negative consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A sense of belonging within the campus community can protect victims of sexual assault

Dating cyberviolence is a frequent problem among young people, with severe consequences both when it takes place and when establishing future relationships. This phenomenon has been on the rise in recent years, and there is increasing concern from governments and institutions to address it. However, there are not many programs to prevent it. The Cyber Dating Abuse-Stop program is proposed precisely

This study assessed physical intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences and examined their association with unmet healthcare needs among married women in South Korea. We analyzed data from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of 6,533 women at baseline. Participants were asked yes/no questions about their experiences of physical IPV victimization and perpetration over the past year. The

Research has shown that focusing on patterns across concurrent mental health problems may increase accuracy and treatment efficacy, potentially reducing further justice system involvement. This is critical given that over one-third of girls and two-thirds of boys exhibit significant mental health problems fifteen years after release from detention. The purpose of this study was to identify mental health

Objective The objective of this study is to conduct the first peer-reviewed meta-analysis of the predictors of job satisfaction among law enforcement. We draw upon self-determination theory (SDT) to guide our selection of six antecedents to include in our analysis. Methods We utilize Schmidt and Hunter’s (2015) meta-analytic methods of correcting correlations individually for artifacts. We also employ

Trauma can be both a cause and a consequence of homelessness and has lasting impacts on mental health and wellbeing. Often research focusses on trauma and adversity in childhood leading to homelessness, but understanding traumatic experiences during adulthood homelessness can be just as important for informing intervention development and policies to mitigate and eradicate homelessness. Working with

This meta-analysis examined the bidirectional effects between types of peer victimisation and anxiety. It also investigated types of anxiety as a potential moderator of this relationship, which has not been examined within a meta-analytic framework previously. Five electronic databases were searched and longitudinal studies exclusively utilising published and validated measures for peer victimisation

This paper reviews the crime linkage literature to identify how data were pre-processed for analysis, methods used to predict linkage status/series membership, and methods used to assess the accuracy of linkage predictions. Thirteen databases were searched, with 77 papers meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Methods used to pre-process data were human judgement, similarity metrics (including machine

Recent studies have indicated that CM (child maltreatment) may influence individuals' perception of their bodies, often resulting in a posttraumatic orientation to bodily signals (OBS). Given the intricate relationship between bodily and interpersonal experiences, it is hypothesized that posttraumatic OBS may be intergenerationally transmitted. However, knowledge regarding this phenomenon, and its

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a complex social problem affecting many women globally. In Zimbabwe, intimate partner violence (IPV) and child marriages remain persistent public health problems with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of women and girls. Statistics show that Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of IPV and child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. Given this background