Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment after release from prison. We compared prisoners receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to prisoners receiving no MOUD, on a number of outcome variables. Self-reported drug use was confirmed with laboratory tests.

Methods

A sample of 247 prisoners in German prisons completed the European Addiction Severity Index shortly before release. Subjects were contacted again at 1, 3–6, and 12 months after release for telephone interviews.

Results

Compared to no-MOUD subjects, MOUD subjects reported fewer illegal opioids and significantly fewer non-prescribed substitution medications. MOUD participants showed high treatment continuity through 12 months. Benefits of MOUD peaked at 3–6 months; effects were reduced at 12 months. Convergent validity of the self-report measure of drug use with laboratory drug screenings was satisfactorily high (~ 71% convergence).

Conclusions

For long-term sustainability of MOUD effects, additional psychosocial interventions are recommended.

中文翻译：

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药物辅助治疗对德国囚犯使用阿片类药物的罪犯的长期影响——监狱中和释放后的治疗结果

 目标

本研究的目的是检查出狱后药物辅助治疗的长期影响。我们将接受阿片类药物使用障碍 （MOUD） 药物治疗的囚犯与未接受 MOUD 的囚犯在许多结局变量上进行了比较。自我报告的药物使用通过实验室检查得到证实。

 方法

德国监狱中的 247 名囚犯样本在释放前不久完成了欧洲成瘾严重程度指数。在释放后 1 、 3-6 和 12 个月再次联系受试者进行电话访谈。

 结果

与无 MOUD 受试者相比，MOUD 受试者报告的非法阿片类药物较少，非处方替代药物明显较少。MOUD 参与者在 12 个月内表现出高度的治疗连续性。MOUD 的益处在 3-6 个月时达到峰值;效果在 12 个月时降低。药物使用自我报告测量与实验室药物筛查的收敛效度令人满意 （~ 71% 收敛）。

 结论

为了 MOUD 效应的长期可持续性，建议进行额外的社会心理干预。