Using representative data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS-2019), we aim to investigate whether violent physical and sexual victimization differs by sexual orientation in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study using data from a nationwide household-based survey. The PNS sample was selected with a three-stage cluster sampling. Prevalence of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had suffered physical violence in the previous 12 months and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated according to sex and sexual orientation. Multivariate logistic regression models were used with physical violence in the previous 12 months as the outcome and self-declared sexual orientation, sociodemographic characteristics, and age of sexual initiation as independent variables. Odds-ratios (OR) were estimated to test associations with the independent variables. The same statistical procedures were used for analyzing lifetime sexual violence. Among the 70,361 participants, 2.2% of men and 2.0% of women self-declared to be homosexual/bisexual. Among homosexual/bisexual men and women, 13% and 16%, respectively, have suffered physical violence in the previous 12 months. Regarding lifetime sexual violence, prevalence was 6.4% among homosexual/bisexual men, with OR = 9.1 (95% CI [5.7, 14.4]) in comparison to heterosexual men. Among homosexual/bisexual women, prevalence reached 11.5%, with OR = 2.4 (95% CI [1.7, 3.4]) in comparison to heterosexual women. After controlling for sexual orientation, the greatest odds of suffering physical violence in the previous 12 months were found among young people, non-white, starting sexual activity <15 years old, and poor education. The risk of women suffering lifetime sexual violence was seven times greater than that of men (OR = 7.30; 95% CI [6.05, 8.80]). The findings indicate a complex scenario in which sex, sexual orientation, skin color, and poor education interact in violent victimization and highlights the insufficiency of public policies in implementing effective actions focused on overcoming the homophobic prejudice that persists in Brazilian society.

中文翻译：

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巴西性取向驱动的暴力受害：使用 2019 年全国健康调查的代表性数据


使用 2019 年全国健康调查 （PNS-2019） 的代表性数据，我们旨在调查巴西的暴力身体和性受害是否因性取向而异。这是一项横断面研究，使用来自全国家庭调查的数据。PNS 样品是通过三阶段整群采样选择的。根据性别和性取向估计过去 12 个月内遭受身体暴力的 18 至 64 岁个体的患病率和 95% 置信区间 （CI）。使用多变量 logistic 回归模型，以过去 12 个月的身体暴力为结果，以自我声明的性取向、社会人口学特征和性开始年龄作为自变量。估计比值比 （OR） 以检验与自变量的关联。相同的统计程序用于分析终生性暴力。在 70,361 名参与者中，2.2% 的男性和 2.0% 的女性自我声明是同性恋/双性恋。在同性恋/双性恋男性和女性中，分别有 13% 和 16% 在过去 12 个月内遭受过身体暴力。关于终生性暴力，同性恋/双性恋男性的患病率为 6.4%，与异性恋男性相比，OR = 9.1 （95% CI [5.7， 14.4]）。在同性恋/双性恋女性中，患病率达到 11.5%，与异性恋女性相比，OR = 2.4 （95% CI [1.7， 3.4]）。在控制性取向后，在过去 12 个月内遭受身体暴力的几率最大的是年轻人、非白人、开始性活动 <15 岁和教育程度低的人。女性终生遭受性暴力的风险是男性的7倍（OR=7.30;95% CI [6.05, 8.80]).研究结果表明，性别、性取向、肤色和不良教育在暴力受害中相互作用是一种复杂的情况，并凸显了公共政策在实施有效行动方面的不足，这些行动的重点是克服巴西社会中持续存在的恐同偏见。