Though sexual assault is prevalent among college campuses, there is a paucity of research on whether risk factors vary for different racial/ethnic groups. As such, this article examines familial and individual risk factors and three sexual assault types (coercive, physically forced, and incapacitated) with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to see whether such risks vary for Black/African American, White, Asian, and Hispanic groups of college students. Data were gathered in 2019 to 2020 from 783 undergraduate college women and men at a large public university in the Midwestern United States. Results revealed that in terms of family background, Black/African American, Asian, and Hispanic students reported more experiences of child physical abuse and lower levels of warmth and support compared to White students. White college students, however, reported more frequent heavy drinking compared to Asian and Hispanic students. For sexual assault, Asian students reporting experiencing incapacitated sexual assault more so than White students, whereas Black/African American students reported experiences of physically forced sexual assault more so than White students. For mental health, Hispanic students reported more PTSD symptoms compared to White students while Asian students reported more depressive symptoms compared to their White counterparts. It is noteworthy that early experiences of child physical abuse and lower warmth and support continued to significantly impact both PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms. Our results demonstrate the importance of going beyond the typical dichotomy of White and non-White to gain a more nuanced understanding of how risk factors vary for different racial and ethnic groups, which has implications for intervention and prevention when understanding sexual assault and mental health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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家庭和个人风险因素、性侵犯和心理健康：黑人、西班牙裔、亚裔和白人大学生的比较


尽管性侵犯在大学校园中很普遍，但缺乏关于不同种族/族裔群体的风险因素是否不同的研究。因此，本文研究了家庭和个人风险因素以及三种具有抑郁症状和创伤后应激障碍 （PTSD） 症状的性侵犯类型（胁迫、身体强迫和无行为能力），以了解这些风险是否因黑人/非裔美国人、白人、亚洲人和西班牙裔大学生群体而异。数据是在 2019 年至 2020 年期间从美国中西部一所大型公立大学的 783 名本科生和男生那里收集的。结果显示，在家庭背景方面，与白人学生相比，黑人/非裔美国人、亚裔和西班牙裔学生报告了更多的儿童身体虐待经历，而温暖和支持水平较低。然而，与亚裔和西班牙裔学生相比，白人大学生报告说酗酒的频率更高。对于性侵犯，亚裔学生报告遭受无行为能力性侵犯的次数比白人学生更多，而黑人/非裔美国学生报告遭受身体强迫性侵犯的次数比白人学生更多。在心理健康方面，与白人学生相比，西班牙裔学生报告的 PTSD 症状更多，而与白人学生相比，亚裔学生报告的抑郁症状更多。值得注意的是，儿童身体虐待的早期经历以及较低的温暖和支持继续显着影响 PTSD 症状和抑郁症状。 我们的结果表明，超越白人和非白人的典型二分法以更细致地了解不同种族和民族群体的风险因素如何变化的重要性，这对理解性侵犯和心理健康结果时的干预和预防具有影响。