Many men experience strong negative emotions and a “diminished masculinity” following sexual victimization. These men may be more willing to express anger, rather than more vulnerable emotions (e.g., shame), in an attempt to maintain their masculinity. However, increased expression of anger among men is linked to other negative outcomes such as increased substance abuse (Eftekhari et al., 2004), suggesting that anger is an ineffective coping strategy for distress. Compared to women, men are understudied in the sexual violence literature. Studies that have been conducted have focused primarily on child sexual abuse, adult males in prison, or military sexual violence samples. Few studies have investigated men’s sexual abuse across their lifetime. This study intended to fill this gap by investigating sexual violence against men across the lifespan. The goal of the current study was to examine how conformity to masculine norms and emotional dysregulation influence the relationship between lifetime sexual violence (LSV) and anger. We hypothesized that the relation between LSV and anger would be mediated by conformity to masculine norms and emotion dysregulation. Data were collected from 532 community and 185 college men. Participants completed measures focused on childhood maltreatment, adult sexual victimization, masculinity, anger, and emotion dysregulation. Two hundred and one (27.1%) men reported LSV experiences. Results suggest men with LSV reported significantly higher scores on conformity to masculine norms, anger, and emotion dysregulation. Regression analyses revealed that LSV directly predicted increased conformity to masculine norms, emotion dysregulation, and anger. Additionally, the indirect effects of emotion dysregulation and masculinity were significant. Findings indicate trauma interventions need to target masculine ideology and emotion dysregulation to help reduce anger as a traditionally acceptable emotional outlet for men.

中文翻译：

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经历过终生性暴力的男性的情绪失调、愤怒和男子气概


许多男性在性受害后会经历强烈的负面情绪和“男子气概减弱”。这些男性可能更愿意表达愤怒，而不是更脆弱的情绪（例如羞愧），以试图保持他们的男子气概。然而，男性愤怒表达的增加与其他负面结果有关，例如药物滥用增加（Eftekhari 等人，2004 年），这表明愤怒是一种无效的应对痛苦的策略。与女性相比，男性在性暴力文献中的研究不足。已经进行的研究主要集中在儿童性虐待、监狱中的成年男性或军队性暴力样本。很少有研究调查男性一生中的性虐待。本研究旨在通过调查整个生命周期中针对男性的性暴力来填补这一空白。当前研究的目标是检查对男性规范的遵守和情绪失调如何影响终身性暴力 （LSV） 与愤怒之间的关系。我们假设 LSV 和愤怒之间的关系是通过遵守男性规范和情绪失调来介导的。数据收集自 532 名社区和 185 名大学生。参与者完成了针对儿童虐待、成人性受害、男子气概、愤怒和情绪失调的测量。201 名 （27.1%） 男性报告了 LSV 经历。结果表明，患有 LSV 的男性在遵守男性规范、愤怒和情绪失调方面的得分明显更高。回归分析显示，LSV 直接预测了对男性规范的依从性增加、情绪失调和愤怒。此外，情绪失调和男子气概的间接影响是显着的。 研究结果表明，创伤干预需要针对男性意识形态和情绪失调，以帮助减少愤怒作为男性传统上可接受的情绪发泄方式。