This article systematically reviewed research findings of five sexual assault case outcomes (founding, arrest, referral to prosecution, charging, and conviction) between 2000 and 2020. Records were collected from PsychINFO and ProQuest and had to report at least one quantitative criminal justice outcome, include data from a U.S. sample and involve original research. Thirty-six records (288,066 sexual assault cases) were analyzed. Results were stratified by reported cases, referred cases, charged cases, and victim age. Studies show that 72.09% to 92.66% of sampled cases are founded ( M = 89.21%), 17.73% to 53.42% result in arrest ( M = 27.25%), 13.60% to 69.57% result in referral ( M = 31.36%), 3.28% to 83.16% result in charging ( M = 19.58%), and only 1.86% to 40.31% result in conviction ( M = 8.28%). This considerable variability in case outcomes is related to differences in cases included or excluded (e.g., age criterion, only sampling cases with sexual assault kits); thus, these studies are not reflective of all sexual assault cases. Studies were most likely to report arrest rates, followed by charging, referral, conviction, and founding. Overall, we have a good picture of what attrition looks like in adolescent-adult sexual assault cases from the 1980s to early 2010s in the Midwest and Southern CA. More updated research in the remaining parts of the country is needed, particularly from rural locales. Specific recommendations for more precise measurement and reporting methods are provided to improve our understanding of attrition and strengthen where, how, and with whom interventions are needed.

中文翻译：

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2000 年至 2020 年美国性侵犯案件流失的系统评价


本文系统回顾了 2000 年至 2020 年间五起性侵犯案件结果 （成立、逮捕、移送起诉、指控和定罪） 的研究结果。记录是从 PsychINFO 和 ProQuest 收集的，并且必须报告至少一个定量的刑事司法结果，包括来自美国样本的数据并涉及原始研究。分析了 36 条记录（288,066 起性侵犯案件）。结果按报告案例、转介案例、指控案例和受害者年龄进行分层。研究显示，72.09% 至 92.66% 的抽样案件成立 （ M = 89.21%），17.73% 至 53.42% 导致逮捕 （ M = 27.25%），13.60% 至 69.57% 导致转介 （M = 31.36%），3.28% 至 83.16% 导致起诉 （M = 19.58%），只有 1.86% 至 40.31% 导致定罪 （M = 8.28%）。病例结局的这种相当大的差异与纳入或排除的病例的差异有关（例如，年龄标准，仅对带有性侵犯工具包的病例进行抽样）;因此，这些研究并不能反映所有性侵犯案件。研究最有可能报告逮捕率，其次是指控、转介、定罪和成立。总的来说，我们对 1980 年代至 2010 年代初加利福尼亚州中西部和南部青少年成人性侵犯案件的流失情况有一个很好的了解。需要在该国其他地区进行更多更新的研究，尤其是来自农村地区的研究。为更精确的测量和报告方法提供了具体建议，以提高我们对失访的理解，并加强需要干预的地点、方式和人员。