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The role of positive emotion in harmful health behavior: Implications for theory and public health campaigns Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Ke Wang, Vaughan W. Rees, Charles A. Dorison, Ichiro Kawachi, Jennifer S. Lerner
Meta-analyses have concluded that positive emotions do not reduce appetitive risk behaviors (risky behaviors that fulfill appetitive or craving states, such as smoking and excessive alcohol use). We propose that this conclusion is premature. Drawing on the Appraisal Tendency Framework and related theories of emotion and decision-making, we hypothesized that gratitude (a positive emotion) can decrease
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Hemispheric functional organization, as revealed by naturalistic neuroimaging, in pediatric epilepsy patients with cortical resections Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Sophia Robert, Michael C. Granovetter, Christina Patterson, Marlene Behrmann
Functional changes in the pediatric brain following neural injuries attest to remarkable feats of plasticity. Investigations of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this plasticity have largely focused on activation in the penumbra of the lesion or in contralesional, homotopic regions. Here, we adopt a whole-brain approach to evaluate the plasticity of the cortex in patients with large unilateral
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Capturing alterations of intracellular–extracellular lactate distribution in the brain using diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Sophie Malaquin, Rodrigo Lerchundi, Eloïse Mougel, Julien Valette
While the intracellular–extracellular distribution of lactate has been suggested to play a critical role in the healthy and diseased brain, tools are lacking to noninvasively probe lactate in intracellular and extracellular spaces. Here, we show that, by measuring the diffusion of lactate with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in vivo and comparing it to the diffusion of purely
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Activity of DNA polymerase κ across the genome in human fibroblasts Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Mariela C. Torres, Abbey Rebok, Dongxiao Sun, Thomas E. Spratt
DNA polymerase κ (Polκ) is a specialized polymerase that has multiple cellular roles such as translesion DNA synthesis, replication of repetitive sequences, and nucleotide excision repair. We have developed a method for capturing DNA synthesized by Polκ utilizing a Polκ–specific substrate, N 2 -(4-ethynylbenzyl)-2′-deoxyguanosine (EBndG). After shearing of the DNA into 200 to 500 bp lengths, the EBndG-containing
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Global impacts of an extreme solar particle event under different geomagnetic field strengths Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Pavle Arsenović, Eugene Rozanov, Ilya Usoskin, Chris Turney, Timofei Sukhodolov, Ken McCracken, Marina Friedel, Julien Anet, Stana Simić, Ville Maliniemi, Tatiana Egorova, Monika Korte, Harald Rieder, Alan Cooper, Thomas Peter
Solar particle events (SPEs) are short-lived bursts of high-energy particles from the solar atmosphere and are widely recognized as posing significant economic risks to modern society. Most SPEs are relatively weak and have minor impacts on the Earth’s environment, but historic records contain much stronger SPEs which have the potential to alter atmospheric chemistry, impacting climate and biological
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Private management of African protected areas improves wildlife and tourism outcomes but with security concerns in conflict regions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Sean Denny, Gabriel Englander, Patrick Hunnicutt
Protected areas can conserve wildlife and benefit people when managed effectively. African governments increasingly delegate the management of protected areas to private, nongovernmental organizations, hoping that private organizations’ significant resources and technical capacities actualize protected areas’ potential. Does private sector management improve outcomes compared to a counterfactual of
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Reciprocal interactions between neuropeptide F and RYamide regulate host attraction in the mosquito Aedes aegypti Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Xiaoyi Dou, Kangkang Chen, Mark R. Brown, Michael R. Strand
Female mosquitoes produce eggs in gonadotrophic cycles that are divided between a previtellogenic and vitellogenic phase. Previtellogenic females consume water and sugar sources like nectar while also being attracted to hosts for blood feeding. Consumption of a blood meal activates the vitellogenic phase, which produces mature eggs and suppresses host attraction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis
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The European Union Emissions Trading System might yield large co-benefits from pollution reduction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Piero Basaglia, Jonas Grunau, Moritz A. Drupp
Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing air pollution represent two pressing and interwoven environmental challenges. While international carbon markets, such as the European Union emissions trading system (EU ETS), have demonstrated their effectiveness in curbing carbon emissions (CO 2 ), their indirect impact on hazardous co-pollutants remains understudied. This study investigates how key
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The chronology of the human colonization of the Canary Islands Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Jonathan Santana, Miguel del Pino, Jacob Morales, Rosa Fregel, Jenny Hagenblad, Aarón Morquecho, Aitor Brito-Mayor, Pedro Henríquez, Jared Jiménez, Javier G. Serrano, Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas, Alejandra C. Ordóñez, Simon-Pierre Gilson
The human colonization of the Canary Islands represents the sole known expansion of Berber communities into the Atlantic Ocean and is an example of marine dispersal carried out by an African population. While this island colonization shows similarities to the populating of other islands across the world, several questions still need to be answered before this case can be included in wider debates regarding
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Growing three-dimensional objects with light Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Gabriel Lipkowitz, Max A. Saccone, Matthew A. Panzer, Ian A. Coates, Kaiwen Hsiao, Daniel Ilyn, Jason M. Kronenfeld, John R. Tumbleston, Eric S. G. Shaqfeh, Joseph M. DeSimone
Vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing enables fabrication of complex 3D objects by using light to selectively cure a liquid resin. Developed in the 1980s, this technique initially had few practical applications due to limitations in print speed and final part material properties. In the four decades since the inception of VP, the field has matured substantially due to simultaneous advances
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The m 6 A reader SlYTH2 negatively regulates tomato fruit aroma by impeding the translation process Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Hanxiao Bian, Peizhe Song, Ying Gao, Zhiping Deng, Chenyang Huang, Lei Yu, Hanqing Wang, Bingbing Ye, Zhihe Cai, Yu Pan, Fengqin Wang, Jianzhao Liu, Xiangwei Gao, Kunsong Chen, Guifang Jia, Harry J. Klee, Bo Zhang
N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is a fundamentally important RNA modification for gene regulation, whose function is achieved through m 6 A readers. However, whether and how m 6 A readers play regulatory roles during fruit ripening and quality formation remains unclear. Here, we characterized SlYTH2 as a tomato m 6 A reader protein and profiled the binding sites of SlYTH2 at the transcriptome-wide level
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DNA polymerase κ participates in early S-phase DNA replication in human cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Feng Tang, Yinan Wang, Ting Zhao, Jun Yuan, Andrew H. Kellum, Yinsheng Wang
Cycling cells replicate their DNA during the S phase through a defined temporal program known as replication timing. Mutation frequencies, epigenetic chromatin states, and transcriptional activities are different for genomic regions that are replicated early and late in the S phase. Here, we found from ChIP-Seq analysis that DNA polymerase (Pol) κ is enriched in early-replicating genomic regions in
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How people are exposed to neighborhoods racially different from their own Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Àlex G. de la Prada, Mario L. Small
In US cities, neighborhoods have long been racially segregated. However, people do not spend all their time in their neighborhoods, and the consequences of residential segregation may be tempered by the contact people have with other racial groups as they traverse the city daily. We examine the extent to which people’s regular travel throughout the city is to places “beyond their comfort zone” (BCZ)
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Consensus-oriented linguistic multi-criteria group sorting method incorporating dynamic trust management Inform. Fusion (IF 14.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 Shitao Zhang, Fengli Zhu, Muhammet Deveci, Xiaodi Liu
Multi-criteria group sorting (MCGS) concerns the multi-person process of evaluating alternatives and assigning them to predetermined ordered categories under certain criteria. Identifying class thresholds and coordinating conflicting opinions are two primary challenges within this process. Taking into account the 2-tuple linguistic preferences of decision-makers (DMs), we propose a consensus-oriented
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The codriven assembly of molecular metalla-links (613, 623) and metalla-knots (41, 31) via coordination and noncovalent interactions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 Shu-Jin Bao, Yan Zou, Hai-Ning Zhang, Guo-Xin Jin
Although mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) display unique properties and functions associated with their intricate connectivity, limited assembly strategies are available for their synthesis. Herein, we presented a synergistic assembly strategy based on coordination and noncovalent interactions (π–π stacking and CH⋯π interactions) to selectively synthesize molecular closed three-link chains
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A computational account of transsaccadic attentional allocation based on visual gain fields Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 William J. Harrison, Imogen Stead, Thomas S. A. Wallis, Peter J. Bex, Jason B. Mattingley
Coordination of goal-directed behavior depends on the brain’s ability to recover the locations of relevant objects in the world. In humans, the visual system encodes the spatial organization of sensory inputs, but neurons in early visual areas map objects according to their retinal positions, rather than where they are in the world. How the brain computes world-referenced spatial information across
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Collective Hall current in chiral active fluids: Coupling of phase and mass transport through traveling bands Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 Frank Siebers, Robin Bebon, Ashreya Jayaram, Thomas Speck
Active fluids composed of constituents that are constantly driven away from thermal equilibrium can support spontaneous currents and can be engineered to have unconventional transport properties. Here, we report the emergence of (meta)stable traveling bands in computer simulations of aligning circle swimmers. These bands are different from polar flocks and, through coupling phase with mass transport
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TMEM16F exacerbates tau pathology and mediates phosphatidylserine exposure in phospho-tau-burdened neurons Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 Mario V. Zubia, Adeline J. H. Yong, Kristen M. Holtz, Eric J. Huang, Yuh Nung Jan, Lily Y. Jan
TMEM16F is a calcium-activated phospholipid scramblase and nonselective ion channel, which allows the movement of lipids bidirectionally across the plasma membrane. While the functions of TMEM16F have been extensively characterized in multiple cell types, the role of TMEM16F in the central nervous system remains largely unknown. Here, we sought to study how TMEM16F in the brain may be involved in neurodegeneration
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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 26, June 2024.
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On a Population Sizing Model for Evolution Strategies in Multimodal Landscapes IEEE T. Evolut. Comput. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Lisa Schönenberger, Hans-Georg Beyer
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Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Guided by Recurrent Neural Network IEEE T. Evolut. Comput. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Yaru Hu, Junwei Ou, Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan, Witold Pedrycz, Rui Wang, Jinhua Zheng, Juan Zou, Yanjie Song
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An RNA pseudoknot mediates toxin translation and antitoxin inhibition Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Athina Eleftheraki, Erik Holmqvist
Type I toxin–antitoxin systems (T1TAs) are bipartite bacterial loci encoding a growth-inhibitory toxin and an antitoxin small RNA (sRNA). In many of these systems, the transcribed toxin mRNA is translationally inactive, but becomes translation-competent upon ribonucleolytic processing. The antitoxin sRNA targets the processed mRNA to inhibit its translation. This two-level control mechanism prevents
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The DNA damage response of Escherichia coli , revisited: Differential gene expression after replication inhibition Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Thalia H. Sass, Susan T. Lovett
In 1967, in this journal, Evelyn Witkin proposed the existence of a coordinated DNA damage response in Escherichia coli , which later came to be called the “SOS response.” We revisited this response using the replication inhibitor azidothymidine (AZT) and RNA-Seq analysis and identified several features. We confirm the induction of classic Save our ship (SOS) loci and identify several genes, including
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Unraveling emergent network indeterminacy in complex ecosystems: A random matrix approach Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Kazutaka Kawatsu
Indeterminacy of ecological networks—the unpredictability of ecosystem responses to persistent perturbations—is an emergent property of indirect effects a species has on another through interaction chains. Thus, numerous indirect pathways in large, complex ecological communities could make forecasting the long-term outcomes of environmental changes challenging. However, a comprehensive understanding
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Gate-tunable subband degeneracy in semiconductor nanowires Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Yuhao Wang, Wenyu Song, Zhan Cao, Zehao Yu, Shuai Yang, Zonglin Li, Yichun Gao, Ruidong Li, Fangting Chen, Zuhan Geng, Lining Yang, Jiaye Xu, Zhaoyu Wang, Shan Zhang, Xiao Feng, Tiantian Wang, Yunyi Zang, Lin Li, Runan Shang, Qi-Kun Xue, Dong E. Liu, Ke He, Hao Zhang
Degeneracy and symmetry have a profound relation in quantum systems. Here, we report gate-tunable subband degeneracy in PbTe nanowires with a nearly symmetric cross-sectional shape. The degeneracy is revealed in electron transport by the absence of a quantized plateau. Utilizing a dual gate design, we can apply an electric field to lift the degeneracy, reflected as emergence of the plateau. This degeneracy
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Densitaxis: Active particle motion in density gradients Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Vaseem A. Shaik, Gwynn J. Elfring
Organisms often swim through density-stratified fluids. Here, we investigate the dynamics of active particles swimming in fluid density gradients and report theoretical evidence of taxis as a result of these gradients (densitaxis). Specifically, we calculate the effect of density stratification on the dynamics of a force- and torque-free spherical squirmer and show that density gradients induce reorientation
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Cholinergic macrophages promote the resolution of peritoneal inflammation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Shufeng Luo, Huiling Lin, Chong Wu, Lan Zhu, Qiaomin Hua, Yulan Weng, Lu Wang, Xiaoli Fan, Kai-Bo Zhao, Gaoteng Liu, Yuting Wang, Hai-Tian Chen, Li Xu, Limin Zheng
The non-neural cholinergic system plays a critical role in regulating immune equilibrium and tissue homeostasis. While the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme catalyzing acetylcholine biosynthesis, has been well documented in lymphocytes, its role in the myeloid compartment is less understood. Here, we identify a significant population of macrophages (Mϕs) expressing ChAT and
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Post-immunotherapy CTLA-4 Ig treatment improves antitumor efficacy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Stephen Mok, Didem Ağaç Çobanoğlu, Huey Liu, James J. Mancuso, James P. Allison
Immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) improve overall survival of patients with cancer but may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as myocarditis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA-4 Ig), an inhibitor of T cell costimulation through CD28, reverses irAEs in animal models. However, concerns exist about potentially compromising antitumor response
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Structural dynamics at cytosolic interprotomer interfaces control gating of a mammalian TRPM5 channel Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Sebastian Karuppan, Lynn Goss Schrag, Caroline M. Pastrano, Andrés Jara-Oseguera, Lejla Zubcevic
The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) tetrameric cation channels are involved in a wide range of biological functions, from temperature sensing and taste transduction to regulation of cardiac function, inflammatory pain, and insulin secretion. The structurally conserved TRPM cytoplasmic domains make up >70 % of the total protein. To investigate the mechanism by which the TRPM cytoplasmic
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Nanoscale architecture of synaptic vesicles and scaffolding complexes revealed by cryo-electron tomography Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Richard G. Held, Jiahao Liang, Axel T. Brunger
The spatial distribution of proteins and their arrangement within the cellular ultrastructure regulates the opening of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in response to glutamate release at the synapse. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that the postsynaptic density (PSD) and scaffolding proteins in the presynaptic active zone (AZ) align across the synapse
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Superior sodiophilicity and molecule crowding of crown ether boost the electrochemical performance of all-climate sodium-ion batteries Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Qian Yao, Cheng Zheng, Deluo Ji, Yingzhe Du, Jie Su, Nana Wang, Jian Yang, Shixue Dou, Yitai Qian
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as one of the promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries have achieved remarkable progress in the past. However, the all-climate performance is still very challenging for SIBs. Herein, 15-Crown-5 (15-C-5) is screened as an electrolyte additive from a number of ether molecules theoretically. The good sodiophilicity, high molecule rigidity, and bulky size enable it to
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An interstrand DNA crosslink glycosylase aids Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Dillon E. Kunkle, Yujuan Cai, Brandt F. Eichman, Eric P. Skaar
Maintenance of DNA integrity is essential to all forms of life. DNA damage generated by reaction with genotoxic chemicals results in deleterious mutations, genome instability, and cell death. Pathogenic bacteria encounter several genotoxic agents during infection. In keeping with this, the loss of DNA repair networks results in virulence attenuation in several bacterial species. Interstrand DNA crosslinks
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Chemical composition from photos: Dried solution drops reveal a morphogenetic tree Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Bruno C. Batista, Semhare D. Tekle, Jie Yan, Beni B. Dangi, Oliver Steinbock
Under nonequilibrium conditions, inorganic systems can produce a wealth of life-like shapes and patterns which, compared to well-formed crystalline materials, remain widely unexplored. A seemingly simple example is the formation of salt deposits during the evaporation of sessile droplets. These evaporites show great variations in their specific patterns including single rings, creep, small crystals
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Hydrogel morphogenesis induced by force-controlled growth Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Zhi Jian Wang, Ji Lin, Tasuku Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong
Morphogenesis is one of the most marvelous natural phenomena. The morphological characteristics of biological organs develop through growth, which is often triggered by mechanical force. In this study, we propose a bioinspired strategy for hydrogel morphogenesis through force-controlled chemical reaction and growth under isothermal conditions. We adopted a double network (DN) hydrogel with sacrificial
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The causal effect of mental health on labor market outcomes: The case of stress-related mental disorders following a human-made disaster Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Signe Hald Andersen, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi
As disasters increase due to climate change, population density, epidemics, and technology, information is needed about postdisaster consequences for people’s mental health and how stress-related mental disorders affect multiple spheres of life, including labor-market attachment. We tested the causal hypothesis that individuals who developed stress-related mental disorders as a consequence of their
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A hierarchy index for networks in the brain reveals a complex entangled organizational structure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Anand Pathak, Shakti N. Menon, Sitabhra Sinha
Networks involved in information processing often have their nodes arranged hierarchically, with the majority of connections occurring in adjacent levels. However, despite being an intuitively appealing concept, the hierarchical organization of large networks, such as those in the brain, is difficult to identify, especially in absence of additional information beyond that provided by the connectome
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Efficient models of cortical activity via local dynamic equilibria and coarse-grained interactions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Zhuo-Cheng Xiao, Kevin K. Lin, Lai-Sang Young
Biologically detailed models of brain circuitry are challenging to build and simulate due to the large number of neurons, their complex interactions, and the many unknown physiological parameters. Simplified mathematical models are more tractable, but harder to evaluate when too far removed from neuroanatomy/physiology. We propose that a multiscale model, coarse-grained (CG) while preserving local
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A distal enhancer of GATA3 regulates Th2 differentiation and allergic inflammation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Takashi Kumagai, Arifumi Iwata, Hiroki Furuya, Kodai Kato, Atsushi Okabe, Yosuke Toda, Mizuki Kanai, Lisa Fujimura, Akemi Sakamoto, Takahiro Kageyama, Shigeru Tanaka, Akira Suto, Masahiko Hatano, Atsushi Kaneda, Hiroshi Nakajima
Asthma is a widespread airway disorder where GATA3-dependent Type-2 helper T (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play vital roles. Asthma-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are enriched in a region located 926-970 kb downstream from GATA3 in the 10p14 (hG900). However, it is unknown how hG900 affects the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. To investigate the
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A Fast Evaluation-Based Bacteria Colony Chemotaxis Algorithm for Dynamic Interval Multiobjective Optimization Problems IEEE T. Evolut. Comput. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Chen-Hao Xu, Zhi-Gang Lu, Er-Shun Du, Jiang-Feng Zhang, Xiao-Qiang Guo, Xue-Ping Li, Xiang-Xing Kong, Yan-Lin Li
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An all-atom protein generative model Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Alexander E. Chu, Jinho Kim, Lucy Cheng, Gina El Nesr, Minkai Xu, Richard W. Shuai, Po-Ssu Huang
Proteins mediate their functions through chemical interactions; modeling these interactions, which are typically through sidechains, is an important need in protein design. However, constructing an all-atom generative model requires an appropriate scheme for managing the jointly continuous and discrete nature of proteins encoded in the structure and sequence. We describe an all-atom diffusion model
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The epithelial C15ORF48/miR-147-NDUFA4 axis is an essential regulator of gut inflammation, energy metabolism, and the microbiome Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Min Xiong, Ze Liu, Bintao Wang, Thomas Sokolich, Natalie Graham, Meirong Chen, Wei-Le Wang, Mark P. Boldin
Chronic inflammation is epidemiologically linked to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling gut inflammation remains insufficient, hindering the development of targeted therapies for IBD and CRC. In this study, we uncovered C15ORF48/miR-147 as a negative
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Parvalbumin gates chronic pain through the modulation of firing patterns in inhibitory neurons Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Haoyi Qiu, Loïs S. Miraucourt, Hugues Petitjean, Mengyi Xu, Catherine Theriault, Albena Davidova, Vanessa Soubeyre, Gaetan Poulen, Nicolas Lonjon, Florence Vachiery-Lahaye, Luc Bauchet, Philipa Levesque-Damphousse, Jennifer L. Estall, Emmanuel Bourinet, Reza Sharif-Naeini
Spinal cord dorsal horn inhibition is critical to the processing of sensory inputs, and its impairment leads to mechanical allodynia. How this decreased inhibition occurs and whether its restoration alleviates allodynic pain are poorly understood. Here, we show that a critical step in the loss of inhibitory tone is the change in the firing pattern of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons (PVNs)
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Modular binder technology by NGS-aided, high-resolution selection in yeast of designed armadillo modules Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Yvonne Stark, Faye Menard, Jeliazko R. Jeliazkov, Patrick Ernst, Anupama Chembath, Mohammed Ashraf, Anna V. Hine, Andreas Plückthun
Establishing modular binders as diagnostic detection agents represents a cost- and time-efficient alternative to the commonly used binders that are generated one molecule at a time. In contrast to these conventional approaches, a modular binder can be designed in silico from individual modules to, in principle, recognize any desired linear epitope without going through a selection and hit-validation
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Eliminating malaria vectors with precision-guided sterile males Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Reema A. Apte, Andrea L. Smidler, James J. Pai, Martha L. Chow, Sanle Chen, Agastya Mondal, Héctor M. Sánchez C., Igor Antoshechkin, John M. Marshall, Omar S. Akbari
Controlling the principal African malaria vector, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , is considered essential to curtail malaria transmission. However, existing vector control technologies rely on insecticides, which are becoming increasingly ineffective. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a powerful suppression approach that has successfully eradicated a number of insect pests, yet the A. gambiae toolkit
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Structural determinants of ivabradine block of the open pore of HCN4 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Andrea Saponaro, Jan H. Krumbach, Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan, Atiyeh Sadat Sharifzadeh, Alessandro Porro, Roberta Castelli, Kay Hamacher, Martino Bolognesi, Dario DiFrancesco, Oliver B. Clarke, Gerhard Thiel, Anna Moroni
HCN1-4 channels are the molecular determinants of the I f /I h current that crucially regulates cardiac and neuronal cell excitability. HCN dysfunctions lead to sinoatrial block (HCN4), epilepsy (HCN1), and chronic pain (HCN2), widespread medical conditions awaiting subtype-specific treatments. Here, we address the problem by solving the cryo-EM structure of HCN4 in complex with ivabradine, to date
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Spike-timing-dependent plasticity induction reveals dissociable supplementary– and premotor–motor pathways to automatic imitation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Sonia Turrini, Francesca Fiori, Naomi Bevacqua, Chiara Saracini, Boris Lucero, Matteo Candidi, Alessio Avenanti
Humans tend to spontaneously imitate others’ behavior, even when detrimental to the task at hand. The action observation network (AON) is consistently recruited during imitative tasks. However, whether automatic imitation is mediated by cortico-cortical projections from AON regions to the primary motor cortex (M1) remains speculative. Similarly, the potentially dissociable role of AON-to-M1 pathways
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Pathogenic variants in autism gene KATNAL2 cause hydrocephalus and disrupt neuronal connectivity by impairing ciliary microtubule dynamics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Tyrone DeSpenza, Amrita Singh, Garrett Allington, Shujuan Zhao, Junghoon Lee, Emre Kiziltug, Mackenzi L. Prina, Nicole Desmet, Huy Q. Dang, Jennifer Fields, Carol Nelson-Williams, Junhui Zhang, Kedous Y. Mekbib, Evan Dennis, Neel H. Mehta, Phan Q. Duy, Hermela Shimelis, Lauren K. Walsh, Arnaud Marlier, Engin Deniz, Evelyn M. R. Lake, R. Todd Constable, Ellen J. Hoffman, Richard P. Lifton, Allan Gulledge
Enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–filled brain ventricles (cerebral ventriculomegaly), the cardinal feature of congenital hydrocephalus (CH), is increasingly recognized among patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). KATNAL2, a member of Katanin family microtubule-severing ATPases, is a known ASD risk gene, but its roles in human brain development remain unclear. Here, we show that
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On the role of seamounts in upwelling deep-ocean waters through turbulent mixing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Ali Mashayek, Jonathan Gula, Lois E. Baker, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Laura Cimoli, James J. Riley, Casimir de Lavergne
Turbulent mixing in the ocean exerts an important control on the rate and structure of the overturning circulation. However, the balance of processes underpinning this mixing is subject to significant uncertainties, limiting our understanding of the overturning’s deep upwelling limb. Here, we investigate the hitherto primarily neglected role of tens of thousands of seamounts in sustaining deep-ocean
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U4 snRNP inhibits premature cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Qiumin Feng, Danhui Zhao, Zejin Lin, Mengzhao Li, Andy Peng Xiang, Congting Ye, Chengguo Yao
The essential role of U4 snRNP in pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing has been well established. In this study, we utilized an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (AMO) specifically targeting U4 snRNA to achieve functional knockdown of U4 snRNP in HeLa cells. Our results showed that this knockdown resulted in global intronic premature cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA) events, comparable to the effects
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Are turbulence effects on droplet collision–coalescence a key to understanding observed rain formation in clouds? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Kamal Kant Chandrakar, Hugh Morrison, Wojciech W. Grabowski, R. Paul Lawson
Rain formation is a critical factor governing the lifecycle and radiative forcing of clouds and therefore it is a key element of weather and climate. Cloud microphysics–turbulence interactions occur across a wide range of scales and are challenging to represent in atmospheric models with limited resolution. Based on past experiments and idealized numerical simulations, it has been postulated that cloud
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Multiple evolutionary pressures shape identical consonant avoidance in the world’s languages Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Chundra A. Cathcart
Languages disfavor word forms containing sequences of similar or identical consonants, due to the biomechanical and cognitive difficulties posed by patterns of this sort. However, the specific evolutionary processes responsible for this phenomenon are not fully understood. Words containing sequences of identical consonants may be more likely to arise than those without; processes of word form mutation
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Advantageous early-life environments cushion the genetic risk for ischemic heart disease Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Samuel Baker, Pietro Biroli, Hans van Kippersluis, Stephanie von Hinke
In one of the first papers on the impact of early-life conditions on individuals’ health in older age, Barker and Osmond [ Lancet , 327 , 1077–1081 (1986)] show a strong positive relationship between infant mortality rates in the 1920s and ischemic heart disease in the 1970s. We merge historical data on infant mortality rates to 370,000 individual records in the UK Biobank using information on local
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Unraveling dynamic protein structures by two-dimensional infrared spectra with a pretrained machine learning model Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Fan Wu, Yan Huang, Guokun Yang, Sheng Ye, Shaul Mukamel, Jun Jiang
Dynamic protein structures are crucial for deciphering their diverse biological functions. Two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy stands as an ideal tool for tracing rapid conformational evolutions in proteins. However, linking spectral characteristics to dynamic structures poses a formidable challenge. Here, we present a pretrained machine learning model based on 2DIR spectra analysis. This
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Progerin forms an abnormal meshwork and has a dominant-negative effect on the nuclear lamina Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Paul H. Kim, Joonyoung R. Kim, Yiping Tu, Hyesoo Jung, J. Y. Brian Jeong, Anh P. Tran, Ashley Presnell, Stephen G. Young, Loren G. Fong
Progerin, the protein that causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, triggers nuclear membrane (NM) ruptures and blebs, but the mechanisms are unclear. We suspected that the expression of progerin changes the overall structure of the nuclear lamina. High-resolution microscopy of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) revealed that lamin A and lamin B1 form independent meshworks with uniformly spaced openings
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An aggregated mitochondrial distribution in preimplantation embryos disrupts nuclear morphology, function, and developmental potential Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 In-Won Lee, Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand, Zi-Yi Sha, Deepak Adhikari, John Carroll
A dispersed cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria is a hallmark of normal cellular organization. Here, we have utilized the expression of exogenous Trak2 in mouse oocytes and embryos to disrupt the dispersed distribution of mitochondria by driving them into a large cytoplasmic aggregate. Our findings reveal that aggregated mitochondria have minimal impact on asymmetric meiotic cell divisions of
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Structural insights into the regulation of RyR1 by S100A1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Gunnar Weninger, Marco C. Miotto, Carl Tchagou, Steven Reiken, Haikel Dridi, Sören Brandenburg, Gabriel C. Riedemann, Qi Yuan, Yang Liu, Alexander Chang, Anetta Wronska, Stephan E. Lehnart, Andrew R. Marks
S100A1, a small homodimeric EF-hand Ca 2+ -binding protein (~21 kDa), plays an important regulatory role in Ca 2+ signaling pathways involved in various biological functions including Ca 2+ cycling and contractile performance in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. One key target of the S100A1 interactome is the ryanodine receptor (RyR), a huge homotetrameric Ca 2+ release channel (~2.3 MDa) of the sarcoplasmic
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Altered circadian rhythm, sleep, and rhodopsin 7 –dependent shade preference during diapause in Drosophila melanogaster Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Geoff T. Meyerhof, Sreesankar Easwaran, Angela E. Bontempo, Craig Montell, Denise J. Montell
To survive adverse environments, many animals enter a dormant state such as hibernation, dauer, or diapause. Various Drosophila species undergo adult reproductive diapause in response to cool temperatures and/or short day-length. While flies are less active during diapause, it is unclear how adverse environmental conditions affect circadian rhythms and sleep. Here we show that in diapause-inducing
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Cross-modal semantic aligning and neighbor-aware completing for robust text–image person retrieval Inform. Fusion (IF 14.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Tiantian Gong, Junsheng Wang, Liyan Zhang
Most existing text–image person re-identification (TIReID) methods are performed in an ideal environment where both image and text instances are fully intact and identity annotated. However, in real-world open environments, these ideal assumptions often cannot be satisfied. In this study, we are the first to explore how to enhance the robustness of the TIReID model to better adapt to open environments
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Distributed fusion filtering for multi-sensor nonlinear networked systems with multiple fading measurements via stochastic communication protocol Inform. Fusion (IF 14.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Jun Hu, Zhibin Hu, Raquel Caballero-Águila, Xiaojian Yi
This paper studies the distributed fusion filtering (DFF) issue for a class of nonlinear delayed multi-sensor networked systems (MSNSs) subject to multiple fading measurements (MFMs) under stochastic communication protocol (SCP). The phenomenon of MFMs occurs randomly in the network communication channels and is characterized by a diagonal matrix with certain statistical information. In order to decrease
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Leader Prediction for Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization IEEE T. Evolut. Comput. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Shuai Wang, Aimin Zhou