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AI analysed 1,500 policies to cut emissions. These ones worked Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-23
Only 63 climate change interventions led to significant reductions in carbon emissions.
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How to harness AI’s potential in research — responsibly and ethically Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-23
Artificial intelligence is propelling advances in all areas of science. But vigilance is needed, warn four researchers at the leading edge.
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Partners in drug discovery: how to collaborate with non-governmental organizations Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-23
Not all researchers join forces with big pharmaceutical firms, non-profit groups can help take lifesaving findings to where they are needed most.
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Ancient equine genomes reveal dawn of horse domestication Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-23
Explosive spread of modern domestic horses about 4,200 years ago revealed by ancient equine DNA.
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Fall of the wild: why pristine wilderness is a human-made myth Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-23
Even ‘untouched’ natural landscapes bear witness to millennia of human influence, a lyrical book argues — with implications for how we seek to rewild them.
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This unlucky star got mangled by a black hole — twice Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
Bursts of light hint that a star in a nearby galaxy was partially shredded in 2022 and 2024 and might be in for another round.
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Extreme heat is a huge killer — these local approaches can keep people safe Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
As the threat of deadly heatwaves rises, scientists are working with cities to introduce low-tech cooling features to protect citizens.
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Don’t stop me now: Queen’s Brian May on saving badgers — and the scientific method Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
The guitarist has spent a decade studying the science of bovine tuberculosis and identified a new method of spread.
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Debate rages over Alzheimer’s drug lecanemab as UK limits approval Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
The medicine is being assessed by agencies including the European Union regulator, but the community is divided on its efficacy and safety.
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AI made of jelly ‘learns’ to play Pong — and improves with practice Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
Inspired by neurons in a dish playing the classic video game, researchers show that synthetic hydrogels have a basic ‘memory’.
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‘I hope I get the opportunity to fly’: Meet Paralympian-turned-astronaut John McFall Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
Nature speaks to the world’s first disabled astronaut about his hopes for the future of space exploration.
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Factuality challenges in the era of large language models and opportunities for fact-checking Nat. Mach. Intell. (IF 18.8) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Isabelle Augenstein, Timothy Baldwin, Meeyoung Cha, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia, David Corney, Renee DiResta, Emilio Ferrara, Scott Hale, Alon Halevy, Eduard Hovy, Heng Ji, Filippo Menczer, Ruben Miguez, Preslav Nakov, Dietram Scheufele, Shivam Sharma, Giovanni Zagni
The emergence of tools based on large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini, has garnered immense public attention owing to their advanced natural language generation capabilities. These remarkably natural-sounding tools have the potential to be highly useful for various tasks. However, they also tend to produce false, erroneous or misleading content—commonly referred
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Can ageing be stopped? A biologist explains Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-22
Venki Ramakrishnan talks to Nature about the science of ageing.
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Lysosomes drive the piecemeal removal of mitochondrial inner membrane Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Akriti Prashar, Claudio Bussi, Antony Fearns, Mariana I. Capurro, Xiaodong Gao, Hiromi Sesaki, Maximiliano G. Gutierrez, Nicola L. Jones
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Chandrayaan-3 APXS elemental abundance measurements at lunar high latitude Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Santosh V. Vadawale, N. P. S. Mithun, M. Shanmugam, Amit Basu Sarbadhikari, Rishitosh K. Sinha, Megha Bhatt, S. Vijayan, Neeraj Srivastava, Anil D. Shukla, S. V. S. Murty, Anil Bhardwaj, Y. B. Acharya, Arpit R. Patel, Hiteshkumar L. Adalaja, C. S. Vaishnava, B. S. Bharath Saiguhan, Nishant Singh, Sushil Kumar, Deepak Kumar Painkra, Yash Srivastava, Varsha M. Nair, Tinkal Ladiya, Shiv Kumar Goyal, Neeraj
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Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Taran Driver, Miles Mountney, Jun Wang, Lisa Ortmann, Andre Al-Haddad, Nora Berrah, Christoph Bostedt, Elio G. Champenois, Louis F. DiMauro, Joseph Duris, Douglas Garratt, James M. Glownia, Zhaoheng Guo, Daniel Haxton, Erik Isele, Igor Ivanov, Jiabao Ji, Andrei Kamalov, Siqi Li, Ming-Fu Lin, Jon P. Marangos, Razib Obaid, Jordan T. O’Neal, Philipp Rosenberger, Niranjan H. Shivaram, Anna L. Wang, Peter
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Low-latitude mesopelagic nutrient recycling controls productivity and export Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Keith B. Rodgers, Olivier Aumont, Katsuya Toyama, Laure Resplandy, Masao Ishii, Toshiya Nakano, Daisuke Sasano, Daniele Bianchi, Ryohei Yamaguchi
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Neoarchaean oxygen-based nitrogen cycle en route to the Great Oxidation Event Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Alice Pellerin, Christophe Thomazo, Magali Ader, Camille Rossignol, Eric Siciliano Rego, Vincent Busigny, Pascal Philippot
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On-chip multi-degree-of-freedom control of two-dimensional materials Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Haoning Tang, Yiting Wang, Xueqi Ni, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Shanhui Fan, Eric Mazur, Amir Yacoby, Yuan Cao
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South Korean science on the global stage Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
An overview of the country’s research landscape highlights the strengths and weaknesses of a nation that has invested heavily in science.
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What I learnt from running a coding bootcamp Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
By creating a bespoke learning environment for 25 students, I found a way to raise the coding level of my entire laboratory.
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The surprising cause of fasting’s regenerative powers Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Post-fast feasting helps to activate stem cells in the gut but can also prompt development of precancerous growths, mouse research shows.
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Ultrathin sapphire synthesized for advanced 2D electronics Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Single crystals of atomically thin sapphire have been prepared at room temperature, opening the way to miniaturized chips.
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A guide to the Nature Index Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
A description of the terminology and methodology used in this supplement, and a guide to the functionality that is available free online at natureindex.com.
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Forever young: what science can and can’t tell us about cheating ageing Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
High-profile advances, such as anti-ageing drugs called senolytics, have sparked hope that old age and death could be postponed considerably, and have even fostered fantasies of eternal life. But the reality is more nuanced.
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Tissues stay fit by balancing clearance of dying cells with regeneration Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Stem cells in the hair follicle tightly control their ability to engulf and digest dying neighbours.
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Placebo effect involves unexpected brain regions Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Jeffrey S. Mogil
Tracing the neural circuits that underlie the placebo effect.
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First biolab in South America for studying world’s deadliest viruses is set to open Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Construction is under way for the maximum-security Brazilian facility, which will face cost and regulatory hurdles.
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The testing of AI in medicine is a mess. Here’s how it should be done Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Hundreds of medical algorithms have been approved on basis of limited clinical data. Scientists are debating who should test these tools and how best to do it.
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Can South Korea regain its edge in innovation? Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
The country’s record of adaptability and reinvention might stand it in good stead as it strives to get back on track.
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How South Korea’s science stars are finding success Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Four notable emerging scientists discuss their work and the country’s research scene.
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South Korea can overcome its researcher shortage — but it must embrace all talents Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
The country is ramping up efforts to attract more of the world’s students and scientists. Fixing an unacceptable gender pay gap must also be a priority.
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Light bulbs have energy ratings — so why can’t AI chatbots? Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Sasha Luccioni, Boris Gamazaychikov, Sara Hooker, Régis Pierrard, Emma Strubell, Yacine Jernite, Carole-Jean Wu
The rising energy and environmental cost of the artificial-intelligence boom is fuelling concern. Green policy mechanisms that already exist offer a path towards a solution.
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What will it take to open South Korean research to the world? Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Efforts to join the global ecosystem depend on greater diversity and a more open culture.
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Cells poised to divide can delay their commitment to proliferate Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Intermediate activity of a protein called E2F puts cells in a ‘primed’ state before they either divide or reverse back to quiescence.
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Switching between tasks can cause AI to lose the ability to learn Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Clare Lyle, Razvan Pascanu
Continual learning breaks down for some artificial neural networks.
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How South Korea can support female research leaders Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Inequitable access to research funding and leadership positions is holding back Korean science.
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India’s pioneering mission bolsters idea that Moon’s surface was molten Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
First-ever analysis of soil from around the Moon’s south pole was performed using data from the Chandrayaan-3 mission.
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Largest genomic tree of life of flowering plants to date includes almost 8,000 genera Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
Evolutionary tree of angiosperms reveals two major bursts of diversification.
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How South Korea can build better gender diversity into research Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21
To elevate the nation’s science, sex and gender analysis must be embedded in study design.
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Inner membrane turns inside out to exit mitochondrial organelles Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 David Pla-Martín, Andreas S. Reichert
Pathway selectively removes inner membrane from mitochondrial organelles.
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Why record wildfires scorched Canada last year Nature (IF 50.5) Pub Date : 2024-08-20
Snows melted earlier than usual because of climate change, fuelling the unprecedented blazes.
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Dual-initiation ruptures in the 2024 Noto earthquake encircling a fault asperity at a swarm edge Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Liuwei Xu, Chen Ji, Lingsen Meng, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Zhang Yunjun, Saeed Mohanna, Yosuke Aoki
To reveal the connections between the 2024 moment magnitude ( M w ) 7.5 Noto earthquake in Japan and the seismicity swarms that preceded it, we investigated its rupture process through near-source waveform analysis and source imaging techniques, combining seismic and geodetic datasets. We found notable complexity in the initial rupture stages. A strong fault asperity, which remained unbroken in preceding
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Massively parallel analysis of single-molecule dynamics on next-generation sequencing chips Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 J. Aguirre Rivera, G. Mao, A. Sabantsev, M. Panfilov, Q. Hou, M. Lindell, C. Chanez, F. Ritort, M. Jinek, S. Deindl
Single-molecule techniques are ideally poised to characterize complex dynamics but are typically limited to investigating a small number of different samples. However, a large sequence or chemical space often needs to be explored to derive a comprehensive understanding of complex biological processes. Here we describe multiplexed single-molecule characterization at the library scale (MUSCLE), a method
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Reductive samarium (electro)catalysis enabled by Sm III -alkoxide protonolysis Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Emily A. Boyd, Chungkeun Shin, David J. Charboneau, Jonas C. Peters, Sarah E. Reisman
Samarium diiodide (SmI 2 ) is a privileged, single-electron reductant deployed in diverse synthetic settings. However, generalizable methods for catalytic turnover remain elusive because of the well-known challenge associated with cleaving strong Sm III –O bonds. Prior efforts have focused on the use of highly reactive oxophiles to enable catalyst turnover. However, such approaches give rise to complex
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The actin-spectrin submembrane scaffold restricts endocytosis along proximal axons Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Florian Wernert, Satish Babu Moparthi, Florence Pelletier, Jeanne Lainé, Eline Simons, Gilles Moulay, Fanny Rueda, Nicolas Jullien, Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat, Marie-Jeanne Papandréou, Christophe Leterrier, Stéphane Vassilopoulos
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis has characteristic features in neuronal dendrites and presynapses, but how membrane proteins are internalized along the axon shaft remains unclear. We focused on clathrin-coated structures and endocytosis along the axon initial segment (AIS) and their relationship to the periodic actin-spectrin scaffold that lines the axonal plasma membrane. A combination of super-resolution
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Restoring hippocampal glucose metabolism rescues cognition across Alzheimer’s disease pathologies Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Paras S. Minhas, Jeffrey R. Jones, Amira Latif-Hernandez, Yuki Sugiura, Aarooran S. Durairaj, Qian Wang, Siddhita D. Mhatre, Takeshi Uenaka, Joshua Crapser, Travis Conley, Hannah Ennerfelt, Yoo Jin Jung, Ling Liu, Praveena Prasad, Brenita C. Jenkins, Yeonglong Albert Ay, Matthew Matrongolo, Ryan Goodman, Traci Newmeyer, Kelly Heard, Austin Kang, Edward N. Wilson, Tao Yang, Erik M. Ullian, Geidy E.
Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism is a pathologic feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with recent proteomic studies highlighting disrupted glial metabolism in AD. We report that inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which metabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine (KYN), rescues hippocampal memory function in mouse preclinical models of AD by restoring astrocyte metabolism. Activation of
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Mechanisms of minor pole–mediated spindle bipolarization in human oocytes Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Tianyu Wu, Yuxi Luo, Meiling Zhang, Biaobang Chen, Xingzhu Du, Hao Gu, Siyuan Xie, Zhiqi Pan, Ran Yu, Ruiqi Hai, Xiangli Niu, Guimin Hao, Liping Jin, Juanzi Shi, Xiaoxi Sun, Yanping Kuang, Wen Li, Qing Sang, Lei Wang
Spindle bipolarization, the process of a microtubule mass transforming into a bipolar spindle, is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation. In contrast to mitotic cells, the process and mechanism of spindle bipolarization in human oocytes remains unclear. Using high-resolution imaging in more than 1800 human oocytes, we revealed a typical state of multipolar intermediates that form during
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Transgender health research needed Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Alex S. Keuroghlian, Asa E. Radix
Ever since the Cass Review was released in April—an evaluation by the United Kingdom’s National Health Service that has led to a ban on pubertysuppressing medication for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth—there has been criticism of the assessment and its recommendations, and concern about how it could be leveraged to more broadly affect public health care. In response, physicians, researchers
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Climate policies that achieved major emission reductions: Global evidence from two decades Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Annika Stechemesser, Nicolas Koch, Ebba Mark, Elina Dilger, Patrick Klösel, Laura Menicacci, Daniel Nachtigall, Felix Pretis, Nolan Ritter, Moritz Schwarz, Helena Vossen, Anna Wenzel
Meeting the Paris Agreement’s climate targets necessitates better knowledge about which climate policies work in reducing emissions at the necessary scale. We provide a global, systematic ex post evaluation to identify policy combinations that have led to large emission reductions out of 1500 climate policies implemented between 1998 and 2022 across 41 countries from six continents. Our approach integrates
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Manufacture and testing of biomass-derivable thermosets for wind blade recycling Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Ryan W. Clarke, Erik G. Rognerud, Allen Puente-Urbina, David Barnes, Paul Murdy, Michael L. McGraw, Jimmy M. Newkirk, Ryan Beach, Jacob A. Wrubel, Levi J. Hamernik, Katherine A. Chism, Andrea L. Baer, Gregg T. Beckham, Robynne E. Murray, Nicholas A. Rorrer
Wind energy is helping to decarbonize the electrical grid, but wind blades are not recyclable, and current end-of-life management strategies are not sustainable. To address the material recyclability challenges in sustainable energy infrastructure, we introduce scalable biomass-derivable polyester covalent adaptable networks and corresponding fiber-reinforced composites for recyclable wind blade fabrication
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Recyclable surgical, consumer, and industrial adhesives of poly(α-lipoic acid) Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Subhajit Pal, Jisoo Shin, Kelsey DeFrates, Mustafa Arslan, Katelyn Dale, Hannah Chen, Dominic Ramirez, Phillip B. Messersmith
Polymer adhesives play an important role in many medical, consumer, and industrial products. Polymers of α-lipoic acid (αLA) have the potential to fulfill the need for versatile and environmentally friendly adhesives, but their performance is plagued by spontaneous depolymerization. We report a family of stabilized αLA polymer adhesives that can be tailored for a variety of medical or nonmedical uses
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Accurate computation of quantum excited states with neural networks Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 David Pfau, Simon Axelrod, Halvard Sutterud, Ingrid von Glehn, James S. Spencer
We present an algorithm to estimate the excited states of a quantum system by variational Monte Carlo, which has no free parameters and requires no orthogonalization of the states, instead transforming the problem into that of finding the ground state of an expanded system. Arbitrary observables can be calculated, including off-diagonal expectations, such as the transition dipole moment. The method
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Stock assessment models overstate sustainability of the world’s fisheries Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Graham J. Edgar, Amanda E. Bates, Nils C. Krueck, Susan C. Baker, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Christopher J. Brown
Effective fisheries management requires accurate estimates of stock biomass and trends; yet, assumptions in stock assessment models generate high levels of uncertainty and error. For 230 fisheries worldwide, we contrasted stock biomass estimates at the time of assessment with updated hindcast estimates modeled for the same year in later assessments to evaluate systematic over- or underestimation. For
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The value of decentralized clinical trials: Inclusion, accessibility, and innovation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Girardin Jean-Louis, Azizi A. Seixas
In this Review, we explore the transformative potential of decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) in addressing the limitations of traditional randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We highlight the merits of DCTs fostering greater inclusivity, efficiency, and adaptability. We emphasize the challenges of RCTs, including limited participant diversity and logistical barriers, geographical constraints, and
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Single-molecule structural and kinetic studies across sequence space Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Ivo Severins, Carolien Bastiaanssen, Sung Hyun Kim, Roy B. Simons, John van Noort, Chirlmin Joo
At the core of molecular biology lies the intricate interplay between sequence, structure, and function. Single-molecule techniques provide in-depth dynamic insights into structure and function, but laborious assays impede functional screening of large sequence libraries. We introduce high-throughput Single-molecule Parallel Analysis for Rapid eXploration of Sequence space (SPARXS), integrating single-molecule
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AI has a democracy problem. Citizens’ assemblies can help. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Jack Stilgoe
When it comes to making decisions about artificial intelligence (AI), Eric Schmidt is very clear. In 2023, the former Google CEO told NBC’s Meet the Press , “there’s no way a nonindustry person can understand what is possible. It’s just too new, too hard, there’s not the expertise.” But if, as Schmidt believes, AI will be the next industrial revolution, then the technology is too important to be left
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Correlation-Embedded Transformer Tracking: A Single-Branch Framework IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (IF 20.8) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Fei Xie, Wankou Yang, Chunyu Wang, Lei Chu, Yue Cao, Chao Ma, Wenjun Zeng