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A minimal complex of KHNYN and zinc-finger antiviral protein binds and degrades single-stranded RNA
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-18 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2415048121
Zoe C. Yeoh, Jennifer L. Meagher, Chia-Yu Kang, Paul D. Bieniasz, Janet L. Smith, Melanie D. Ohi

Detecting viral infection is a key role of the innate immune system. The genomes of some RNA viruses have a high CpG dinucleotide content relative to most vertebrate cell RNAs, making CpGs a molecular marker of infection. The human zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) recognizes CpG, mediates clearance of the foreign CpG-rich RNA, and causes attenuation of CpG-rich RNA viruses. While ZAP binds RNA, it lacks enzymatic activity that might be responsible for RNA degradation and thus requires interacting cofactors for its function. One of these cofactors, KHNYN, has a predicted nuclease domain. Using biochemical approaches, we found that the KHNYN NYN domain is a single-stranded RNA ribonuclease that does not have sequence specificity and digests RNA with or without CpG dinucleotides equivalently in vitro. We show that unlike most KH domains, the KHNYN KH domain does not bind RNA. Indeed, a crystal structure of the KH region revealed a double-KH domain with a negatively charged surface that accounts for the lack of RNA binding. Rather, the KHNYN C-terminal domain (CTD) interacts with the ZAP RNA-binding domain (RBD) to provide target RNA specificity. We define a minimal complex composed of the ZAP RBD and the KHNYN NYN-CTD and use a fluorescence polarization assay to propose a model for how this complex interacts with a CpG dinucleotide-containing RNA. In the context of the cell, this module would represent the minimum ZAP and KHNYN domains required for CpG-recognition and ribonuclease activity essential for attenuation of viruses with clusters of CpG dinucleotides.

中文翻译:


KHNYN 和锌指抗病毒蛋白的最小复合物可结合并降解单链 RNA



检测病毒感染是先天免疫系统的关键作用。相对于大多数脊椎动物细胞 RNA,一些 RNA 病毒的基因组具有较高的 CpG 二核苷酸含量,这使得 CpG 成为感染的分子标志物。人锌指抗病毒蛋白 (ZAP) 识别 CpG,介导富含 CpG 的外源 RNA 的清除,并导致富含 CpG 的 RNA 病毒减毒。虽然 ZAP 结合 RNA,但它缺乏可能导致 RNA 降解的酶活性,因此需要相互作用的辅因子才能发挥作用。这些辅因子之一 KHNYN 具有预测的核酸酶结构域。使用生化方法,我们发现 KHNYN NYN 结构域是一种单链 RNA 核糖核酸酶,不具有序列特异性,并且在体外等效地消化有或没有 CpG 二核苷酸的 RNA。我们表明,与大多数 KH 结构域不同,KHNYN KH 结构域不结合 RNA。事实上,KH 区域的晶体结构揭示了一个双 KH 结构域,该结构域具有带负电荷的表面,这是缺乏 RNA 结合的原因。相反,KHNYN C 末端结构域 (CTD) 与 ZAP RNA 结合结构域 (RBD) 相互作用以提供靶标 RNA 特异性。我们定义了一个由 ZAP RBD 和 KHNYN NYN-CTD 组成的最小复合物,并使用荧光偏振测定法提出了该复合物如何与含有 CpG 二核苷酸的 RNA 相互作用的模型。在细胞环境中,该模块将代表 CpG 识别和核糖核酸酶活性所需的最小 ZAP 和 KHNYN 结构域,这些结构域对于用 CpG 二核苷酸簇减毒病毒至关重要。
更新日期:2024-12-18
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