The frequency and intensity of wildfires in the Arctic has been increasing due to climate change. However, little is known about the effects of fire intensity on carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange in arctic tundra ecosystems. To investigate this, we conducted an experimental fire with different burn intensities (low intensity, high intensity, and unburned control) and measured surface daytime CO2 fluxes

Purpose of the Review The escalating impacts of human activities and climate change, particularly increased nutrient leaching and deposition, could significantly alter the productivity, structure, and function of tropical vegetation. To better understand how nutrient deposition affects regeneration in tropical ecosystems, we synthesised studies that added N, P, NP, or NPK to the seedlings of tropical

Purpose of review We are amid a historical momentum encouraging forest restoration, yet the translation of ambitious targets into reality is hindered by poor documentation and understanding of the success and failure of past restoration efforts. This review aims to evaluate the ecological, social, political and economic characteristics of forest restoration across Europe, their development over time

Turbulence governs many atmospheric processes including mixing, transport, and energy transfer. Consequently, there is a strong need for the examination and validation of existing turbulence theories. The HOckey-Stick Transition (HOST) hypothesis was proposed to challenge traditional understanding of near-surface turbulence processes derived from Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST). Within the MOST

Carbon allocation in vegetation, particularly to leaves and roots responsible for resource assimilation, plays a crucial role in regulating the global carbon cycle and is highly sensitive to environmental changes. However, due to the limited observational data, the response of carbon allocation—particularly between resource-acquiring organs—to rapid global environmental changes remains unclear for

Bio-green hydrogen is an emerging and innovative biofuel that is gaining traction across various energy sectors as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. It represents a critical step toward achieving resilience, economic benefits, carbon neutrality, and exceptional sustainability. Despite its potential, hydrogen recovery is often hindered by the dense biomass feedstock. This research aims to significantly

The authors regret that the article was published with incorrect information. The original analysis presented estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from a 14-month dataset at a forested slope site. In particular, we discussed the impact of different filtering approaches, which are generally used to detect periods when measured estimates are likely to not represent the true NEE. Gap-filling for

Midday depression of photosynthesis (MD) refers to the phenomenon that vegetation's photosynthetic rate decreases at midday experiencing environmental stresses. Mangrove MD and its responses to heat and drought stresses offer valuable insights into understanding the impact of climate change on mangrove blue carbon. However, the temporal variability of mangrove MD and its interactions with these stresses

Ongoing climate change is having profound impacts on the growth and distribution of trees worldwide. However, there remain substantial gaps in our understanding of how environmental factors influence tree-growth responses to climate at larger scales, which is critical for identifying regions susceptible to the impacts of climate change. In this study, we aimed to reveal the main environmental factors

The thermochemical transformation of biomass is necessary to obtain renewable and non-polluting energy. However, the development of models is required to overcome the discrepancy in the kinetic triplet values obtained by the model-free and model-fitting methods. The present work proposes a novel methodology for determining the kinetic triplet and the rate law based on deconvolution with Fraser Suzuki

The Arctic is undergoing a shift toward a warmer and wetter climate. Recent experiments indicate that the carbon balance of subarctic wet tundra is sensitive to both summer warming and deeper snow. However, few studies have combined experimental data with process-oriented models to predict how the terrestrial carbon cycle will respond to future climate change. Here, we use CoupModel, a process-oriented

In the late 19th century, Osborne Reynolds published two papers whose impact on atmospheric turbulence studies can hardly be overstated. The first, Reynolds (1883) established both his eponymous, dimensionless number and his reputation as the father of turbulence science, which is beyond doubt. However, his second famous paper (Reynolds, 1895) sowed seeds of confusion regarding the mathematical separation

Leaf litter decomposition plays an important role in nutrient and carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, at a global scale, the effects of climate, initial litter chemistry, and different plant functional types on litter decomposition are not fully understood. Additionally, it remains unclear whether the effects of litter chemistry on leaf litter decomposition are consistent with responses

Brown spot needle blight disease, caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola, affects pine trees across the northern hemisphere. In recent years, its incidence has expanded to new areas and host species. This is in association with climate change. Interest in understanding the basis of its epidemiology and proposing appropriate management measures has also increased. However, there is a lack of studies

Recently, biochar derived from various biomass sources has been used successfully as a conductive material to boost methane generation in anaerobic digestion (AD). Compared with other biomass charcoals, pinecone biochar (PBC) is characterised by large specific surface area, more oxygen functional groups, and better stability, which enables it to be more and better loaded with nanozero-valent iron (nZVI)

Snowmelt is a critical water supply that affects the environmental security and sustainable development. However, the dynamic contributions of climatic factors to snowmelt and their impacts on soil moisture (SM) and vegetation growth remain unclear. In this study, by combining changes in spring snowmelt (snow water equivalent), climatic factors (precipitation and temperature), SM, and vegetation growth

Evapotranspiration (ET) and its induced perturbations in the surface energy balance have significant impacts on the carbon cycle, water cycle, and regional climate. The partitioning of ET (transpiration (T) and evaporation (E)) has significant implications for agricultural production and water management. Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations currently alter leaf stomatal conductance, which

Biochar provides an efficient strategy for making use of biomass residues, because it has shown to be a multifunctional material in energy and environmental applications. However, the underdeveloped porosity of biochar often makes it perform below potential. Herein, a novel activation method, namely simultaneous alkali/air activation, was tested for hierarchical pore development in biochar. The enhanced

The utilization of renewable energy sources in the pyrolysis process for bio-oil production has garnered renewed attention. Solar pyrolysis presents a promising avenue for harnessing solar energy, transforming biomass energy into a portable and storable fuel. However, the formation of undesirable components necessitates upgrading bio-oil before it can be effectively employed as a fuel. In this study

Climate change has heightened the occurrence of extreme compound events, yet their impacts on crop yield traits and the variations in yield sensitivity among different varieties and management practices remain elusive. Utilizing long-term (1981–2010) wheat trait data of 85 stations administered by the China Meteorological Center (CMC) for various wheat varieties and sowing dates, we employed a linear

Thermal processes like pyrolysis of biomass briquettes are frequently used to produce char with highly calorific value. The aim of this work was to obtain briquettes from various mixtures of peanut shells (PS) and grape pruning (GP) with different particle sizes, followed by pyrolysis of these briquettes to increase their heating value. The proximate analysis, physical and mechanical properties and

Knowledge of the industrial safety of solid fuels is crucial for risk mitigation in conventional and alternative energy generation. This study investigates the relationship between combustion propagation and flame transmission, quantified by the Brennzahl (BZ) Burning Class Number, and physicochemical properties of biomass and coals. The analysis is based on solid fuel characterisation through thermogravimetric

Large-scale mapping of fuel load and fuel vertical distribution is essential for assessing fire danger, setting strategic goals and actions, and determining long-term resource needs. The Airborne LiDAR system can fulfil such goal by accurately capturing the three-dimensional arrangement of vegetation at regional and national scales.

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The condensed structure of technical lignin presents significant challenges in converting it into valuable functionalized building blocks, such as single-ring aromatics. In this study, we explored how palladium-based catalysts influence the selectivity of monoaromatics during the fast pyrolysis depolymerization of lignin. A systematic study on the influence of the pyrolysis temperature (500 < T < 700 °C)

The isomerization of xylose to xylulose is considered the most promising method for xylose utilization. The xylose isomerase (XI) gene xylA from Orpinomyces sp. ukk1 was expressed intracellularly and extracellularly in modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains INVSc-xylA and INVSc-SS-xylA, respectively, to enhance the synthesis of bioethanol, which is frequently utilized as a substitute for conventional

This study addresses the challenges of efficiently processing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) through dry anaerobic digestion in a vertical plug digester under mesophilic conditions. The focus is on optimizing hydraulic retention time (HRT) and digestate recirculation (REC) to enhance system performance. During the start-up phase, a mixture of digestate from a wet biogas plant

Freeze-thaw (F-T) processes are prevalent and have the inherent potential to alter soil respiration (SR) in cold regions, which are particularly sensitive to climate warming and contribute a large uncertainty to the global carbon budget. However, the impacts of F-T processes on the diel pattern and temperature hysteresis of SR remain unclear. In this study, the Fick's law-based gradient method was

Purpose of Review This review offers a thorough examination of the pine pathogen Diplodia sapinea, tracing its historical significance from its initial impact on South African non-native Pinus plantations to its recent emergence as a major threat to forests, particularly in Europe. It also highlights recent findings regarding its taxonomic position, genetic studies, and shifts from being perceived

Because of the environmental and social benefits associated with urban greening, many cities around the world are implementing strategies to increase tree canopy cover, including along residential streets. However, procedures for developing and implementing these strategies do not always factor in public preferences, which can limit public acceptance. This paper explores public preferences for different

The growing emphasis on environmental sustainability has driven a notable shift toward using nature-based materials to reduce the ecological impact of industrial and commercial activities. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), derived from cellulose, is emerging as a promising bio-based material due to its renewability and widespread availability. Producing CMC from biomass involves crucial steps—delignification

The production of high-value carbon materials via biomass pyrolysis has gained significant attention in recent research due to its efficiency and sustainability. Unlike the resource-intensive processes for obtaining carbon materials from fossil fuels, biomass pyrolysis provides an alternative that can utilize renewable and abundant sources at lower cost. Although biomass pyrolysis often produces a

The shelterbelts system is crucial for the regional surface water and heat process, which is important for the oasis ecological environment. In this study, Ulan Buh Desert Oasis was taken as the study area. To overcome the problem of inherent water and heat difference between oases and deserts, this study divided the oasis ring structure into shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, shrub grassland zone and