BACKGROUNDAs regulations on pesticides become more stringent, it is likely that there will be interest in steam as an alternative approach for soil disinfestation. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing a soil steaming device for thermal control of invasive plants.RESULTSSeeds of Echinochloa crus‐galli, Impatiens glandulifera, Solidago canadensis, and rhizome fragments of Reynoutria × bohemica were examined for thermal sensitivity through two exposure methods: (1) steam treatment of propagative material in soil; (2) exposure of propagative material to warm soil just after heated by steam. Soil temperatures in the range of 60–99 °C and dwelling period of 3 min were tested. Increased soil temperature decreased seed germination/rhizome sprouting. The exposure method had a significant effect where higher temperatures were needed to reduce the seed germination/rhizome sprouting in method 2 explained by the effect of extra heat given in method 1. Using method 1, for E. crus‐galli and S. canadensis, the maximum mean temperature of approximately 80 °C was enough to achieve the effective weed control level (90%). This was lower for I. glandulifera and higher for R. × bohemica. Using method 2, 90% control was achieved at 95 °C for S. canadensis; more than 115 °C for I. glandulifera; and more than 130 °C for E. crus‐galli and R. × bohemica.CONCLUSIONOur findings showed a promising mortality rate for weeds propagative materials through soil steaming. However, the species showed varying responses to heat and therefore steam regulation should be based on the differences in weeds' susceptibility to heat. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

中文翻译：

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蒸土可有效消除外来入侵植物 （IAP） – 第一部分：暴露法的影响


背景 农药法规变得更加严格，人们可能会对蒸汽作为土壤灭虫的替代方法感兴趣。本研究调查了利用土壤蒸煮装置对入侵植物进行热控制的可行性。结果通过两种暴露方法检查了 Echinochloa crus‐galli、Impatiens glandulifera、Solidago canadensis 和 Reynoutria × bohemica 的根茎片段的热敏感性：（1） 土壤中繁殖材料的蒸汽处理;（2） 繁殖材料在被蒸汽加热后暴露在温暖的土壤中。测试了 60–99 °C 范围内的土壤温度和 3 分钟的停留时间。土壤温度升高，种子发芽/根茎发芽减少。在方法 2 中需要更高的温度来减少种子发芽/根茎发芽的情况下，暴露方法具有显着效果，由方法 1 中给出的额外热量的影响来解释。使用方法 1，对于 E. crus‐galli 和 S. canadensis，最高平均温度约为 80 °C 足以达到有效的杂草控制水平 （90%）。I. glandulifera 的这一比例较低，而 R. × bohemica 的比例较高。使用方法 2，在 95 °C 下对 S. canadensis 实现了 90% 的控制;I. glandulifera 超过 115 °C;E. crus‐galli 和 R. × bohemica 的温度超过 130 °C。结论研究结果表明，通过土壤蒸煮杂草繁殖材料的死亡率很有希望。然而，这些物种对热的反应各不相同，因此蒸汽调节应基于杂草对热敏感性的差异。© 2024 作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。