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Continuation of Reversible Contraception Following Enrollment in the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z‐CAN) in Puerto Rico, 2016–2020 Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Lauren B. Zapata, Katherine Kortsmit, Kathryn M. Curtis, Lisa Romero, Stacey Hurst, Eva Lathrop, Edna Acosta Perez, Marizaida Sánchez Cesáreo, Maura K. Whiteman
The Zika Contraception Access Network (Z‐CAN) provided access to high‐quality client‐centered contraceptive services across Puerto Rico during the 2016–2017 Zika virus outbreak. We sent online surveys during May 2017–August 2020 to a subset of Z‐CAN patients at 6, 24, and 36 months after program enrollment (response rates: 55–60 percent). We described contraceptive method continuation, method satisfaction
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Effects of performance‐based financing on availability, quality, and use of family planning services in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An Impact Evaluation Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Salomé Henriette Paulette Drouard, Stephan Brenner, Delphin Antwisi, Ndeye Khady Toure, Supriya Madhavan, Günther Fink, Gil Shapira
Access to high‐quality family planning services remains limited in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, resulting in a high burden of unintended pregnancies and adverse health outcomes. We used data from a large randomized controlled trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo to test whether performance‐based financing (PBF) can increase the availability, quality, and use of family planning services
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Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Validation of the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults in Kenya Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yasaman Zia, Ushma Upadhyay, Isaac Rhew, Syovata Kimanthi, Ouma Congo, Maricianah Onono, Ruanne Barnabas, Nelly Mugo, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Elizabeth K. Harrington
Understanding the levels of power that adolescent girls and young women exercise in their sexual and reproductive lives is imperative to inform interventions to help them meet their goals. We implemented an adapted version of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Empowerment (SRE) Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults among 500 adolescent girls and young women aged 15–20 in Kisumu, Kenya. We used confirmatory
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Evaluation of Emergency Contraceptive Pill Use with Health Management Information Systems Data in Pakistan Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Shiza Farid, Khan Mohammed, Kristin Bietsch, Priya Emmart
According to the WHO, all clients should have access to a range of contraceptive methods, including at least one short-term, one long-term, one permanent, and one emergency method of contraception. While there are data on the contraceptive method mix available for many low- and middle-income countries, there are limited data on emergency contraception (EC). This is likely due to some surveys not routinely
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The Relationships between Drought Exposure, Fertility Preferences, and Contraceptive Behaviors: A Multicountry Study Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Oluwaseyi Somefun, Boladé Hamed Banougnin, Emily Smith-Greenaway
The interplay between population dynamics and the environment has long interested demographers. Although studies have explored how climate patterns affect macrolevel population processes, such as mortality and migration, little is known about their impact on individual-level demographic behaviors. This study fills this research gap by examining the linkages between exposure to drought and women's fertility
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Child Fostering and Family Size Preferences in Uganda Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Cassandra Cotton
Mothers who exceed their ideal family size (IFS) may find themselves caring for more children than desired. In the absence of reliable and desirable prenatal controls of family size, mothers may foster-out children to reduce burdens of childrearing, particularly in contexts where fostering is common. Using six rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys collected in Uganda between 1988 and 2016, I explore
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Identifying Profiles of Support for Legal Abortion Services in Zambia: A Latent Class Analysis Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Joseph G. Rosen, Michael T. Mbizvo, Nachela Chelwa, Lyson Phiri, Jenny A. Cresswell, Veronique Filippi, Nkomba Kayeyi
Relative to neighboring countries, Zambia has among the most progressive abortion policies, but numerous sociopolitical constraints inhibit knowledge of pregnancy termination rights and access to safe abortion services. Multistage cluster sampling was used to randomly select 1,486 women aged 15–44 years from households in three provinces. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to partition women into
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Adjusting Injectable Contraceptive Use for Months Since the Last Injection Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Mahesh Karra, David Canning
Injectables are one of the most popular methods of contraception worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. An advantage of injectables over shorter-acting methods is that they provide additional flexibility by not requiring re-supply as frequently. However, there is a risk that injectable users may delay their next injection and may therefore have reduced or no protection from pregnancy. In surveys
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Modeling Contraception and Pregnancy in Malawi: A Thanzi La Onse Mathematical Modeling Study Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Tim Colbourn, Eva Janoušková, Ines Li Lin, Joseph Collins, Emilia Connolly, Matt Graham, Britta Jewel, Fannie Kachale, Tara Mangal, Gerald Manthalu, Joseph Mfutso-Bengo, Emmanuel Mnjowe, Sakshi Mohan, Margherita Molaro, Wingston Ng'ambi, Dominic Nkhoma, Paul Revill, Bingling She, Robert Manning Smith, Pakwanja Twea, Asif Tamuri, Andrew Phillips, Timothy B. Hallett
Malawi has high unmet need for contraception with a costed national plan to increase contraception use. Estimating how such investments might impact future population size in Malawi can help policymakers understand effects and value of policies to increase contraception uptake. We developed a new model of contraception and pregnancy using individual-level data capturing complexities of contraception
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Access to Higher Education and Adolescent Fertility in Chile Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Viviana Salinas, Valentina Jorquera-Samter, Pilar Wiegand-Cruz
This study investigates gender differences in the association between adolescent fertility and the likelihood of initiating higher education among young Chilean men and women. We adopt an entropy balancing strategy to estimate the association between adolescent fertility and the likelihood of starting higher education while accounting for potential selection into early childbearing due to socioeconomic
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Erratum Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-26
This article corrects: Measuring Women's Covert Use of Modern Contraception in Cross-Sectional Surveys Volume 49, Issue 2, pages 143–157, article first published online May 30, 2018 In the article by Ifta Choiriyyah and Stan Becker, Ifta Choiriyyah's affiliation was incorrect. The correct affiliation should read as follows: Ifta Choiriyyah Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health
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Contraceptive Intentions and Use throughout the Extended Postpartum Period: A Panel Study in Ethiopia Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Sophia Magalona, Celia Karp, Solomon Shiferaw, Assefa Seme, Birikty Lulu, Mahari Yihdego, Linnea Zimmerman
The postpartum period is an ideal time for women to access contraception, but the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use remains low in sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand the gap between women's desires to space or limit births and their contraceptive behaviors, intention to use contraception has been proposed as a person-centered measure of contraceptive demand. Using data from a panel study
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Exploring Multiple Measures of Pregnancy Preferences and Their Relationship with Postpartum Contraceptive Uptake Using Longitudinal Data from PMA Ethiopia Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Linnea A. Zimmerman, Celia Karp, Sophia Magalona, Solomon Shiferaw, Assefa Seme, Saifuddin Ahmed
There are significant gaps in our understanding of how the experience of an unintended pregnancy affects subsequent contraceptive behavior. Our objective was to explore how three measures of pregnancy preferences—measuring timing-based intentions, emotional orientation, and planning status—were related to the uptake of postpartum family planning within one year after birth. Additionally, we tested
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Contraceptive Adoption and Changes in Empowerment in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Michelle L. O'Brien, Marita Zimmermann, Linnea Eitmann, Dennis L. Chao, Joshua L. Proctor
Women's empowerment and contraceptive use are critical to achieving gender equality. The positive association between more empowered women and higher rates of contraceptive use has been well-established by cross-sectional research. However, there remains a gap in understanding the longitudinal relationship between contraceptive adoption and changes to women's empowerment. This study represents a novel
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More than Measurement Error: Discrepant Reporting of Contraceptive Use and the Role of Wives’ and Husbands’ Educational Attainment Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-22 Elyse A. Jennings, Rachael S. Pierotti
This paper describes discrepancies in spouses’ reports of the use of female-controlled, nonvisible contraceptive methods using data from rural Nepal that were collected monthly from both spouses of 822 couples between 2008 and 2016. We find that spouses in about half of couples provided discrepant reports during the period of observation, and these discrepancies occurred in 14 percent of the months
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Feasibility and Acceptability of LNG 1.5 mg as an On-Demand Pericoital Contraceptive in Ghana Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Brent McCann, Tina Liang, Saumya Ramarao, Emmanuel Kuffour, Augustine Ankomah, Jessica Vandermark Moore, Henry Bruce, Pius Essandoh, Angela Boateng
Globally, there is a need for more family planning method options as currently, available options do not adequately meet the needs of women, specifically those who have infrequent sex. Levonorgestrel (LNG) 1.5 mg is widely available as emergency contraception pills (ECP), and recent research has shown that certain women take it as their main form of contraception. Furthermore, limited studies have
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Early Childbearing and Child Marriage: An Update Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Joseph Molitoris, Vladimíra Kantorová, Sehar Ezdi, Giulia Gonnella
Eliminating child marriage is seen by policy makers and advocates as a path toward reducing births to girls below age 18, as most early births have been previously found to occur within marriage. There has been little recent evidence, however, of the marital context in which early childbearing occurs or how this relationship varies across space and levels of development. Using survey and vital registration
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Spatial Clustering in Temporal Trends of Female Genital Mutilation Risk: Leveraging Sparse Data in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Kathrin Weny, Romesh Silva, Nafissatou Diop, Rachel Snow
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice rooted in gender inequality. Its elimination is part of national and international agendas including the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Understanding its geographical evolution is crucial for targeted programming. However, due to sparse data, it is challenging to establish international comparability and statistical reliability
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The Neglected Role of Domestic Migration on Family Patterns in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1950–2000 Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Andres Felipe Castro Torres
Urbanization has played a key role in shaping twentieth-century demographic changes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LACar). As a result, scholarly research on domestic migration and the family has primarily focused on fertility differentials by migration status in urban areas, finding a robust negative correlation between internal migration and fertility. This research has overlooked how this relationship
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How to Use Simplified Reproductive Calendar Data from the Demographic and Health Survey Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Nir Rotem, Miriam L. King
IPUMS Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS DHS), through its intuitive website (http://dhs.ipums.org/), eliminate barriers to overtime and cross-national analyses with the DHS. IPUMS DHS recently released simplified reproductive calendar data. These calendar data are harmonized across samples, distinguish “not in universe” cases from “no” responses, and do not require destringing. Variable names are
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A Girl and a Boy, Are a Bundle of Joy: A Rise in Gender-Equitable Fertility Preferences in India Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-03-25 Isha Bhatnagar
Within the last decade, declining son preference in Asia has given rise to gender-equitable fertility preferences. These include daughter preference, gender indifference, and gender balance. Using five rounds of the India National Family Health Surveys, I investigate the sources of the trends in shifting parental preferences for the gender of their children. Over more than a quarter-century period
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Introduction to the Special Issue: Indicators in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights. Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Jeffrey B Bingenheimer,Karen Hardee,Michelle Hindin,Aparna Jain,Joyce Mumah,Johannes van Dam
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Assessing the Suitability of Unmet Need as a Proxy for Access to Contraception and Desire to Use It Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-26 Leigh Senderowicz, Brooke W. Bullington, Nathalie Sawadogo, Katherine Tumlinson, Ana Langer, Abdramane Soura, Pascal Zabré, Ali Sié
Unmet need for contraception is a widely used but frequently misunderstood indicator. Although calculated from measures of pregnancy intention and current contraceptive use, unmet need is commonly used as a proxy measure for (1) lack of access to contraception and (2) desire to use it. Using data from a survey in Burkina Faso, we examine the extent to which unmet need corresponds with and diverges
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New Measures for Family Planning and Exposure to Risk of Pregnancy Based on Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use Data Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Chi Hyun Lee, Herbert Susmann, Leontine Alkema
Family planning measures for unmarried women are based on contraceptive demand and use among sexually active women. Sexual activity status is commonly defined based on comparing reported time-since-last-sex to a cutoff time, with women defined to be sexually active if their most recent sex was within the last four weeks. While easy to understand and compute, this approach to constructing family planning
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Alignment between Desires and Outcomes among Women Wanting to Avoid Pregnancy: A Global Comparative Study of “Conditional” Unintended Pregnancy Rates Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Jonathan Marc Bearak, Leontine Alkema, Vladimíra Kantorová, John Casterline
Since childbearing desires, and trends in these desires, differ across populations, the inclusion of women who want to become pregnant in the denominator for unintended pregnancy rates complicates interpretation of intercountry differences and trends over time. To address this limitation, we propose a rate that is the ratio of the number of unintended pregnancies to the number of women wanting to avoid
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Is the Decision Not to Use Contraception an Indicator of Reproductive Agency? Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Madeleine Short Fabic, Lotus McDougal, Anita Raj, Apoorva Jadhav
Women's engagement in the decision to use contraception, an indicator captured in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), is frequently used to assess women's reproductive agency. In 2014, DHS added a corollary question to the women's questionnaire on decision-making not to use contraception. Study authors hypothesize that women's engagement in decision-making not to use contraception is also indicative
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Validation and Predictive Utility of a Person-Centered Quality of Contraceptive Counseling (QCC-10) Scale in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study of Family Planning Clients and a New Indicator for Measuring High-Quality, Rights-Based Care Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Celia Karp, Funmilola M. OlaOlorun, Georges Guiella, Peter Gichangi, Yoonjoung Choi, Philip Anglewicz, Kelsey Holt
The lack of validated, cross-cultural measures for examining quality of contraceptive counseling compromises progress toward improved services. We tested the validity and reliability of the 10-item Quality of Contraceptive Counseling scale (QCC-10) and its association with continued protection from unintended pregnancy and person-centered outcomes using longitudinal data from women aged 15–49 in Burkina
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Misconceptions, Misinformation, and Misperceptions: A Case for Removing the “Mis-” When Discussing Contraceptive Beliefs Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Rose Stevens, Kazuyo Machiyama, Constancia Vimbayi Mavodza, Aoife M. Doyle
Beliefs about contraception are commonly conceptualized as playing an important role in contraceptive decision-making. Interventions designed to address beliefs typically include counseling to dispel any “myths” or “misconceptions.” These interventions currently show little evidence for impact in reducing beliefs. This commentary delves into the problems associated with using implicitly negative terminology
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Measuring Fertility Intentions During Times of Crisis: An Example Using Survey Data Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-04 Letícia J. Marteleto, Molly Dondero, Sneha Kumar, David C. Mallinson
Fertility intentions—intentions regarding whether and when to have children—predict reproductive health outcomes. Measuring fertility intentions is difficult, particularly during macrostructural shocks, for at least two reasons: (1) fertility intentions may be especially volatile during periods of uncertainty and (2) macrostructural shocks may constrain data collection. We propose a set of indicators
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Measuring Contraceptive Autonomy at Two Sites in Burkina Faso: A First Attempt to Measure a Novel Family Planning Indicator Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Leigh Senderowicz, Brooke W. Bullington, Nathalie Sawadogo, Katherine Tumlinson, Ana Langer, Abdramane Soura, Pascal Zabré, Ali Sié
There is growing consensus in the family planning community around the need for novel measures of autonomy. Existing literature highlights the tension between efforts to pursue contraceptive targets and maximize uptake on the one hand, and efforts to promote quality, person-centeredness, and contraceptive autonomy on the other hand. Here, we pilot a novel measure of contraceptive autonomy, measuring
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Contraceptive Continuation and Experiences Obtaining Implant and IUD Removal Among Women Randomized to Use Injectable Contraception, Levonorgestrel Implant, and Copper IUD in South Africa and Zambia Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Alice F. Cartwright, Rebecca L. Callahan, Mags Beksinska, Margaret P. Kasaro, Jennifer H. Tang, Cecilia Milford, Christina Wong, Marissa Velarde, Virginia Maphumulo, Maria Fawzy, Manze Chinyama, Esther Chabu, Mayaba Mudenda, Jennifer Smit
Few longitudinal studies have measured contraceptive continuation past one year in sub-Saharan Africa. We surveyed 674 women who had been randomized to receive the three-month intramuscular contraceptive injectable (DMPA-IM), levonorgestrel (LNG) implant, or copper intrauterine device (IUD) during the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial in South Africa and Zambia and were
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Stop or Switch: Correlates of Stopping Use or Switching Contraceptive Methods While Wanting to Avoid Pregnancy in 48 Low- and Middle-Income Countries Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Dana Sarnak, Alison Gemmill, Sarah E. K. Bradley, Eve Brecker, Kaitlyn Patierno
Contraceptive discontinuation for method-related reasons, while presumably wanting to avoid pregnancy, is a common phenomenon and can contribute to high levels of unmet need and unplanned pregnancies. Some women discontinue contraceptive use and do not quickly resume a method (“stopping”), while others are able to quickly switch to another method to achieve their reproductive goal of avoiding pregnancy
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Preference-Aligned Fertility Management as a Person-Centered Alternative to Contraceptive Use-Focused Measures Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Kelsey Holt, Christine Galavotti, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Sneha Challa, Peter Waiswa, Jenny Liu
Equating contraceptive use with programmatic success is fundamentally flawed in failing to account for whether individuals desire contraceptive use; this is problematic because nonuse can reflect empowered decision-making and use may reflect an individual's inability to refuse or discontinue a method. A rights-based approach demands respect for individuals’ freedom to weigh options and choose how their
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Measuring Nuance in Individual Contraceptive Need: A Case Study from a Cohort in Malawi Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Marta Bornstein, Sarah Huber-Krum, Jessica D. Gipson, Alison H. Norris
Contraceptive counseling protocols tend to focus narrowly on pregnancy intentions, which may overlook other factors that contribute to whether an individual wants or needs contraception. In this report, we demonstrate the potential of two measures of individual contraceptive need that could be assessed as part of contraceptive counseling: (1) a composite score constructed from pregnancy intentions
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Adapting and Validating the G-NORM (Gender Norms Scale) in Nepal: An Examination of How Gender Norms Are Associated with Agency and Reproductive Health Outcomes Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Erica Sedlander, Minakshi Dahal, Jeffrey Bart Bingenheimer, Mahesh C. Puri, Rajiv N. Rimal, Rachel Granovsky, Nadia G. Diamond-Smith
Research calls for the sexual and reproductive rights field to prioritize gender norms to ensure that women can act on their reproductive rights. However, there is a gap in accepted measures. We addressed this by including important theoretical components of gender norms: differentiating between descriptive and injunctive norms and adding a referent group. Our team originally developed and validated
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Characteristics Associated with Reliability in Reporting of Contraceptive Use: Assessing the Reliability of the Contraceptive Calendar in Seven Countries Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Philip Anglewicz, Dana Sarnak, Alison Gemmill, Stan Becker
Although the reproductive calendar is the primary tool for measuring contraceptive dynamics in low-income settings, the reliability of calendar data has seldom been evaluated, primarily due to the lack of longitudinal panel data. In this research, we evaluated the reproductive calendar using data from the Performance Monitoring for Action Project. We used population-based longitudinal data from nine
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Unwanted Family Planning: Prevalence Estimates for 56 Countries Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 David Canning, Mahesh Karra
While there is a large literature on the prevalence of unmet need for family planning, there is no matching quantitative evidence on the prevalence of unwanted family planning; all contraceptive use is assumed to represent a “met need.” This lack of evidence raises concerns that some observed contraceptive use may be undesired and coercive. We provide estimates of unwanted family planning using Demographic
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Meeting Preferences for Specific Contraceptive Methods: An Overdue Indicator Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Kristen Lagasse Burke, Joseph E. Potter
Fertility surveys have rarely asked people who are using contraception about the contraceptive method they would like to be using, implicitly assuming that those who are contracepting are using the method they want. In this commentary, we review evidence from a small but growing body of work that oftentimes indicates this assumption is untrue. Discordant contraceptive preferences and use are relatively
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Need for Standardized Measure of Modern Method Availability: Assessment of Indicators Using Health Facility Data from Three Country Contexts Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-24 Janine Barden-O'Fallon, Rashida-E Ijdi
The concept of contraceptive method choice is complex and difficult to measure, usually requiring multiple metrics that represent the service environment, access, and acceptability. One of the most used measures for the family planning service delivery environment is method availability, or specifically, the contraceptive options that are available to clients at any given family planning service delivery
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Validation of the Fertility Norms Scale and Association with Fertility Intention and Contraceptive Use in India Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Nandita Bhan, Nicole E. Johns, Sangeeta Chatterji, Edwin E. Thomas, Namratha Rao, Mohan Ghule, Rebecka Lundgren, Anita Raj
Social norms related to fertility may be driving pregnancy desire, timing and contraceptive use, but measurement has lagged. We validated a 10-item injunctive Fertility Norms Scale (FNS) and examined its associations with family planning outcomes among 1021 women and 1020 men in India. FNS captured expectations around pronatalism, childbearing early in marriage and community pressure. We assessed reliability
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Measurement of Unmet Need for Contraception: A Counterfactual Approach Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-12-10 Mahesh Karra
Unmet need plays a critical role in reproductive health research, evaluation, and advocacy. Although conceptually straightforward, its estimation suffers from a number of methodological limitations, most notably its reliance on biased measures of women's stated fertility preferences. We propose a counterfactual-based approach to measuring unmet need at the population level. Using data from 56 countries
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Monetary Incentives and Early Initiation of Antenatal Care: A Matched-Pair, Parallel Cluster-Randomized Trial in Zambia Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-11-09 Chitalu Miriam Chama-Chiliba, Peter Hangoma, Natalia Cantet, Patricia Funjika, Grayson Koyi, Maria Laura Alzúa
Monetary incentives are often used to increase the motivation and output of health service providers. However, the focus has generally been on frontline health service providers. Using a cluster randomized trial, we evaluate the effect of monetary incentives provided to community-based volunteers on early initiation of antenatal care (ANC) visits and deliveries in health facilities in communities in
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Social Network-Based Induced Abortion Incidence Estimation in Burkina Faso: Examining the Impact of the Network Generating Question Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-10-09 Suzanne O. Bell, Georges Guiella, Selena Anjur-Dietrich, Fiacre Bazie, Yentema Onadja, Saifuddin Ahmed, Caroline Moreau
Social network-based methods are increasingly used to estimate induced abortion incidence and investigate correlates. Approaches differ in the social tie definitions used to identify which social network members’ abortion experiences respondents will report. This study compares the effect of using the “best friend” (closest female friend) versus “confidante” (specifying mutual sharing of personal information)
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Associations between Contraceptive Decision-Making and Marital Contraceptive Communication and use in Rural Maharashtra, India Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-10-03 Melody Nazarbegian, Sarah Averbach, Nicole E. Johns, Mohan Ghule, Jay Silverman, Rebecka Lundgren, Madhusudana Battala, Shahina Begum, Anita Raj
Women's contraceptive decision-making control is crucial for reproductive autonomy, but research largely relies on the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) measure which asks who is involved with decision-making. In India, this typically assesses joint decision-making or male engagement. Newer measures emphasize female agency. We examined three measures of contraceptive decision-making, the DHS and
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New Client-Centered Discontinuation Measures Using the Demographic and Health Survey Calendar Data Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-09-22 Aparna Jain, Elizabeth Tobey
The main source of method discontinuation data comes from the calendar data of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS considers each episode of use contributed by a woman in the calendar to calculate method discontinuation. This means that episodes from women who contribute only one episode of contraceptive use are combined with episodes from women who contribute multiple episodes of use. This
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Unequal Transitions to Adulthood: Widening Disparities in Age at First Union, Sex, and Birth in Many Low- and Middle-Income Countries Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-31 Ewa Batyra, Hans-Peter Kohler
Research on the timing of events during the transition to adulthood, such as first union, sex, and birth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focused predominantly on measures of central tendency, notably median or mean ages. In this report, we adopt a different perspective on this topic by examining disparities in the timing of these events in 46 LMICs spanning four decades. Using Demographic
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Family Planning in the Sierra Leone Ebola Outbreak: Women's Proximal and Distal Reasoning Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Gillian McKay, Luisa Enria, Sara L. Nam, Maseray Fofanah, Suliaman Gbonnie Conteh, Shelley Lees
Sierra Leone was highly impacted by the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak, with 3,955 recorded deaths. Already stressed maternal health services were deeply affected by the outbreak due to fears of viral transmission, reallocation of maternity staff, and broader policies to stop transmission including travel restrictions. This research sought to explore women's perspectives on delaying pregnancy
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Barriers and Enablers Influencing Women's Adoption and Continuation of Vaginally Inserted Contraceptive Methods: A Literature Review Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Danielle M. Harris, Anita Dam, Kate Morrison, Chastain Mann, Ashley Jackson, Shannon M. Bledsoe, Andrea Rowan, Kim Longfield
Most vaginally inserted methods have limited availability and use despite offering characteristics that align with many women's stated preferences (e.g., nonhormonal and/or on demand). The objective of this review was to identify enablers and barriers to women's adoption and continuation of vaginally inserted contraceptive methods in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched three databases
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Contraceptive Use Before and After Abortion: A Cross-Sectional Study from Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 Sophia Magalona, Meagan Byrne, Funmilola M. OlaOlorun, Rosine Mosso, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Caroline Moreau, Suzanne O. Bell
Post-abortion contraception enables women to effectively manage their fertility to prevent unintended pregnancies. Using data from population-based surveys of women aged 15–49 in Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire, we examined contraceptive dynamics immediately before and after an abortion and examined factors associated with these changes using multivariable logistic regressions. Covariates included sociodemographic
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Perceptions of Partners’ Fertility Preferences and Women's Covert Contraceptive Use in Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 Dana O. Sarnak, Alison Gemmill
Covert use of contraception is a common but underreported and understudied phenomenon where one partner uses contraception without the other's knowledge. We used Demographic and Health Survey couple data to examine the relationship between wives’ perceptions of husbands’ fertility preferences and type of contraceptive use (overt vs. covert) in Benin, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Uganda
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Abortion Legalization in Uruguay: Effects on Adolescent Fertility Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 Wanda Cabella, Cecilia Velázquez
The Latin American and Caribbean adolescent fertility rates are among the highest in the world: about 1.7 million children are born to teen mothers every year, and most of them are declared unintended pregnancies. The region also has the highest rate of unintended pregnancy of any world region, and nearly half of such pregnancies end in abortion. However, fewer than 18 percent of the region's women
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Contraceptive Use in Urban Africa: Examining Trends in Rich–Poor Gaps Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-26 Alex Ezeh, Maurice Anyawie, John Cleland
Previous studies have documented significant differences in health and reproductive health outcomes between the poor and nonpoor across various countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, a number of these studies is dated, and the past decade has witnessed significant shifts in health and reproductive health outcomes in many African countries. Using recent data from the Demographic and Health Surveys
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Child Marriage, Reproductive Outcomes, and Service Utilization among Young Afghan Women: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey in Afghanistan Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Omid Dadras, Tanaporn Khampaya, Takeo Nakayama
This study explored the prevalence of child marriage and its association with reproductive outcomes and service utilization among young women in Afghanistan. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), focusing on women aged 20–24 years old based on the United Nations’ recommendation on child marriage study. Multivariate logistic models examined
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The Effect of Family Planning Counseling on Incident Pregnancy in Nepal Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 Muqi Guo, Sarah Huber-Krum, Iqbal Shah, David Canning
An intervention aimed at institutionalizing postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services was introduced in Nepal between 2015 and 2019. The intervention was evaluated using a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge trial, with data on women being collected immediately after delivery and at one- and two-year postpartum follow-ups. The sample consists of 19,155 women. We used intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis
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Fertility Preferences and Contraceptive Change in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 Mobolaji Ibitoye, John B. Casterline, Chenyao Zhang
The past four decades have witnessed an enormous increase in modern contraception in most low- and middle-income countries. We examine the extent to which this change can be attributed to changes in fertility preferences versus fuller implementation of fertility preferences, a distinction at the heart of intense debates about the returns to investments in family planning services. We analyze national
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Interrupted Access to and Use of Family Planning Among Youth in a Community-Based Service in Zimbabwe During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Constancia V. Mavodza, Sarah Bernays, Constance R.S. Mackworth-Young, Rangarirayi Nyamwanza, Portia Nzombe, Ethel Dauya, Chido Dziva Chikwari, Mandikudza Tembo, Tsitsi Apollo, Owen Mugurungi, Bernard Madzima, Katharina Kranzer, Rashida Abbas Ferrand, Joanna Busza
The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious impacts on economic, social, and health systems, and fragile public health systems have become overburdened in many countries, exacerbating existing service delivery challenges. This study describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family planning services within a community-based integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health intervention for youth aged
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Impact of the Trump Administration's Expanded Global Gag Rule Policy on Family Planning Service Provision in Ethiopia Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Elizabeth A. Sully, Solomon Shiferaw, Assefa Seme, Suzanne O. Bell, Margaret Giorgio
The Global Gag Rule (GGR) makes non-U.S. nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) ineligible for U.S. Government global health funding if they provide, refer, or promote access to abortion. This study quantitatively examines the impacts of the GGR on family planning service provision in Ethiopia. Using a panel of health facilities (2017–2020), we conduct a pre–post analysis to investigate the overall changes
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Did COVID-19 Impact Contraceptive Uptake? Evidence from Senegal Studies in Family Planning (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Kamil Fuseini, Leah Jarvis, Augustine Ankomah, Fatou Bintou Mbow, Michelle J. Hindin
This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of new contraceptive acceptors in Senegal overall and by method. Monthly service data from March 2019 to December 2020 were extracted for the number of new contraceptive users of IUDs, implants, injectables, and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interrupted time series analysis for