The study of river dynamics has long relied on the analysis of traditional in situ hydrographs. This graphical representation of temporal variability at a given location is so ubiquitous that the mere term “hydrograph” is widely recognized as a time series. While such a “temporal hydrograph” is well suited for in situ data analysis, it fails to represent hydrologic variability across space at a given

Real-time control (RTC) is an effective method used in urban drainage systems (UDS) for reducing flooding and combined sewer overflows. Recently, RTC based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been proven to have various advantages compared to traditional RTC methods. However, the existing DRL methods solely focus on reducing the total amount of CSO discharge and flooding, ignoring the UDS resilience

Given the significant impact of precipitation phase transitions on water and energy balances, accurate phase partitioning is essential for hydrological modeling. Many commonly used precipitation phase partitioning methods (PPMs) rely on sigmoidal curve assumptions to determine thresholds, leading to biased partitioning results. Here we developed a non-sigmoidal-curve-dependent dynamic threshold method

Lithology classification is a crucial task in geological exploration, playing a significant role in oil and gas exploration as well as mineral resource development. However, traditional supervised learning methods rely heavily on large amounts of labeled data, and obtaining labeled well-logging data is both costly and time-consuming, significantly limiting their widespread application. To address this

Injecting mixed gas (CO2/N2) into coal seams is an effective method to realize a win-win situation of CO2 sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery. The ratio of gas mixtures is a critical factor in pore structure evolution. In this study, we used high-pressure saturated systems to examine the effects of different gas mixture ratios on anthracite. The pore structure and mineral content

Lithium-rich (Li-rich) sedimentary brine has emerged as a valuable unconventional resource, driven by the blooming global market, advancements in direct extraction technologies, and a lower environmental impact compared to traditional mining methods. However, resource delineation and estimation remain challenging due to inefficient field sampling and unreliable correlations between Li concentration

The authors regret to report that the unit for PFASs' PNEC in Table S3 of the Supplementary Information was mistakenly labelled as ng/L instead of μg/L, leading to inaccurate statements in Fig. 5a, Section 3.4, Section 4.4, the Abstract, and the Conclusions. These occurred due to a miscalculation during data conversion. Below are the details of the errors and corresponding corrections. Download: Download

Global hydrological models are important decision support tools for policy making in today's water-scarce world as their process-based nature allows for worldwide water resources assessments under various climate-change and socio-economic scenarios. Although efforts are continuously being made to improve water resource assessments, global hydrological model computational demands have dramatically increased

Groundwater tidal response analysis is a valuable tool for monitoring leakage in groundwater systems, yet the interpretation of this response has often been incomplete. Notably, the impact of anisotropic aquifer permeability on tidal response has not been addressed in existing models. This study presents an analytical model to examine the effect of anisotropy on the tidal response of an aquifer overlain

The occurrence mechanisms of shale oil in saline lacustrine basins are complex, and accurately quantifying the state of occurrence and assessing mobility present significant challenges, impeding deeper insights into the enrichment processes of shale oil. To comprehensively elucidate the occurrence mechanisms of continental saline lacustrine basin shale oil, and to clearly define the advantageous lithofacies

Spatiotemporal heterogeneities in climatic, physiographic, and socio-economic environments cause complex and varied formation mechanisms in flash flood disasters. However, previous studies were usually conducted at event or catchment scale in specific environments. Investigation on disaster formation mechanisms in climatic, physiographic, and socio-economic environments with different combinations

The mechanical properties of continuous rock fiber (CRF), particularly its elastic modulus and tensile strength, are essential requirements for the ever-increasing applications of this material. Studies on CRF have primarily focused on its application in fiber-reinforced composites, with much less emphasis on the analysis of the fiber structure–property relationship. This review summarizes and discusses

This study investigated the effect of varying strain rates on the dynamic behavior and damage mechanisms in coal. We employed the split Hopkinson pressure bar to conduct dynamic unconfined compression tests on coal samples. This involved obtaining the coal samples dynamic mechanical properties and failure characteristics. We performed analyses on the extent of impact damage before and after testing

Chemical weathering in mountain critical zones controls river chemistry and regulates long-term climate. Mountain landscapes contain diverse landforms created by geomorphic processes, including landslides, glacial moraines, and rock glaciers. These landforms generate unique flowpaths and water-rock interactions that modify water chemistry as precipitation is transformed to streamflow. Variations in

Estuarine wetlands, formed by the interaction of fluvial and tidal processes, exhibit complex spatiotemporal variations in soil moisture and salinity. Predicting soil moisture and salinity in estuarine wetlands is key for ecosystem management and assessing environmental impacts, while traditional methods have limitations in resolution and complexity. The elucidation of transport pattern and prediction

Most state-of-the-art AI applications in hydrometeorology are based on classic deep learning approaches. However, such approaches cannot automatically integrate multiple functions to construct a single intelligent agent, as each function is enabled by a separate model trained on independent data sets. Foundation models (FMs), which can process diverse inputs and perform different tasks, present a substantial

Precise characterization of reservoir rocks, particularly regarding porous media properties such as porosity, pore throat permeability, and fluid saturation, is essential for efficient hydrocarbon extraction and management. Traditionally, these properties have been assessed through core sampling and well log analysis. However, the data obtained from point-by-point measurements using these methods are

Our water resources have changed over the last century through a combination of water management evolution and climate change. Understanding and decomposing the drivers of discharge changes is essential to preparing and planning adaptive strategies. To separate the response of catchment dynamics between climate change-related and other factors in discharge observations, we propose a methodology to

The decline in in situ water level measurements since the 1980s has impeded our ability to fully understand hydrological and hydrodynamic processes, particularly in ungauged river reaches, and how global and regional water cycles respond to climate change. Satellite altimetry offers a valuable means of supplementing these gaps in river water level data, both temporally and spatially. However, existing

This study presents a proof of concept of a reliable methodology for monitoring streamflow in a dynamic river of the Alps prone to bathymetric changes using non-contact instruments. The method relies on water level and surface velocity radar monitoring, discharge measurements by Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV), and topographic surveys. A single proportional relation, stable under bathymetric