Accurately predicting dam deformation is crucial for understanding its operational status. However, existing models struggle to effectively capture the spatiotemporal correlations in monitoring data and quantify uncertainty within dam systems. This paper presents an innovative uncertainty quantification model for evaluating regional deformation in arch dams. First, a method to extract the spatiotemporal

Hydrated magnesium carbonate cements prepared from MgO and carbonates such as hydromagnesite (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O) or nesquehonite (MgCO3ˑ3H2O) have potential for carbon sequestration during hardening. This study investigates the hydration of MgO/nesquehonite blends with up to 50 wt% of nesquehonite. Nesquehonite is highly reactive in the presence of MgO and water. The replacement of 50 wt% MgO by

Mineral-impregnated carbon fibers (MCF) introduce an innovative reinforcement approach for creating material-efficient structures. Once cured, MCF display a substantially improved bond with the concrete matrix compared to similar polymer-impregnated textiles. Consequently, these novel composites exhibit increased crack density and more uniform crack distribution under uniaxial tensile load. This article

The use of alkaline activator in alkali-activated materials (AAMs) may pose risk of alkali-silica reaction (ASR), and the variations in the mixture design could have great influence on the performance of AAMs system. In this case, this paper investigated the effects of slag fineness (3000 to 8000 cm2/g) and water-to-binder (w/b) ratio (0.5 to 0.8) on ASR behavior of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortars

CO2 curing cementitious materials shows promise as a method to both reduce and sequestrate CO2, nonetheless, it results in the formation of a gradient structure in them. In this study, the mechanical behavior, damage mode and inhomogeneity of carbonated cement pastes are investigated, aiming to establish the intrinsic link between their damage and inhomogeneity. The results indicated that carbonated

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of nanomaterials as additives in various industries, including cement production. Among these materials, carbon-based nanomaterials, such as graphene and graphene oxide, have been extensively studied for their potential applications in cementitious materials. However, recent research has shown that boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) can offer

To promote the application of carbonated recycled concrete powder (CRP), it is vital to thoroughly understand the performance of recycled concrete powder (RP) during the carbonation process. This paper presents an experimental study on the multiscale microstructure evolution of CRP and its chemical reactivity development during gas-solid carbonation. The phase transformation, nanostructure and reactivity

Assessing the permeability of concrete is crucial as it governs the transport of aggressive agents, such as chlorides and carbon dioxide, which are key factors in the degradation mechanisms. Moreover, concrete’s permeability constitutes an essential input parameter for durability models. Concrete’s permeability can be measured directly (by experimental methods) or indirectly by fitting a transport

This study investigated composite cements with recycled concrete pastes (RCP) and the carbonated analogue, comparing them to Portland and limestone cements. The carbonation curing resulted in a carbonation degree of around 30%. The presence of supplementary cementitious materials had little impact on the carbonation degree and phase assemblage. Cement pastes consisted of ettringite, calcium carbonate

The construction industry has been facing significant challenges in reducing CO2 emissions. As such, accelerated carbonation has attracted explosive attention in view of its ability to bind CO2 back to construction materials while improving their performance. Water is a decisive factor in carbonation because it bridges the reaction between gaseous CO2 and solid precursors, and three distinct approaches

This research investigated the mechanical performance of Functionally Graded Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FG-FRC) produced via extrusion with a targeted fiber injection. Flexural toughness was assessed using a modified ASTM C1609, and fracture properties were analyzed through implementation of the two-parameter fracture model. The study introduced an innovative targeted fiber injection technique using

Buildings can be rapidly constructed using 3D printed concrete technology without formwork, garnering increasing attention within the construction industry. The effects of different printing parameters on the splitting tensile strength, shear strength, pore structure, and micromorphology of the interface between 3D printed ECC and post-cast concrete were investigated, including single-layer printing

The massive discharge of copper slag (CS) has led to serious environmental problems. Carbon mineralization, as a treatment method of solid waste, not only achieves carbon sequestration, but also enhances the pozzolanic activity. In this work, a novel exfoliation aqueous carbonation method combining aqueous carbon mineralization and wet grinding was proposed to evaluate the carbon mineralization behavior

Underwater defects in piers pose potential hazards to the safety and durability of river‐crossing bridges. The concealment and difficulty in detecting underwater defects often result in their oversight. Acoustic methods face challenges in directly achieving accurate measurements of underwater defects, while optical methods are time‐consuming. This study proposes a two‐step rapid inspection method for

Portland cement (PC) has been used and developed since the early 19th century. Although the compositional ranges of PC clinkers are generally specified in standards, there is a lack of information on the variability of industrial clinkers. Furthermore, with an increase in the use of alternative mineral and fuel feeds, it is important to understand the evolution of clinker chemistry and mineralogy which

The use of seawater sea-sand concrete in marine infrastructure not only offers significant sustainability benefits by minimizing the energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with transportation activities, but also helps mitigate the environmental impact caused by excessive sand mining in riverbeds. The study presented in this paper aims to contribute to this growing area of research by introducing

Prefabricated ceiling radiant panel is one type of efficient and lightweight radiant heating and cooling terminal, which has been widely used in many commercial and residential buildings. The surface temperature distribution of radiant terminal is a crucial factor that affects the local thermal discomfort for heating and the surface condensation risk for cooling. However, the existing research on surface

Accurate fault diagnosis of chillers is essential for extending equipment lifespan and reducing energy consumption. Currently, data-driven diagnostic models for chillers exhibit impressive performance. However, the outstanding performance is only guaranteed in condition of sufficient and high-quality data, i.e., data is often uncertain and insufficient. To resolve this problem, this study proposes

Hot waves happened more often in summer due to the global climate change, which leads to hot indoor environment when air conditioning systems are absent. To improve individual thermal comfort in warm/hot indoor environment, a ventilating vest with thermoelectric cooling (TEC) was proposed. The design of TEC module and ventilating vest was introduced. The measured cooling capacity of cooling vest was

In structural design, accurately extracting information from floor plan drawings of buildings is essential for building 3D models and facilitating design automation. However, deep learning models often face challenges due to their dependence on large labeled datasets, which are labor and time‐intensive to generate. And floor plan drawings often present challenges, such as overlapping elements and similar

Deviation of pressure differential from design under static conditions and delayed convergency of pressure fluctuation after dynamic disturbances are widely reported problems associated with pressure differential control in non-isobaric buildings. This study performed field measurements to investigate the pressure differential mechanisms under static and dynamic disturbance in several non-isobaric

The bond-enhancing mechanisms of nano-silica (NS) deposition, described solely by a pozzolanic reaction, have often overlooked its underlying physicochemical nature. We propose a novel framework to quantify spatial disorder in NS deposition and to analyze its impact on the interfacial bond properties of carbon textiles in cement composite. The framework leverages domain knowledge (the morphological

Ferrochrome slag (FCS) is one of the main by-products generated from the smelting of ferrochrome alloy. Its utilization as aggregate can reduce the mining of natural aggregate and cost of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The morphology of aggregate, maximum size (Dmax) and particle gradation are key factors that affect the properties of concrete. Herein, the morphology of FCS compared to river

This study systematically investigates the influence of ultrafine iron ore tailings (UIOT) on the performance and hydration process of supersulfated cement (SSC) with high phosphogypsum (PG) content. UIOT incorporation retards early-age strength but enhances later-age strength, with a 20 % replacement ratio of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) leading to a 52 % increase in 28-day compressive strength

3D laser scanning can serve the geometric deformation detection of steel structures. However, the process of handling large-scale point clouds remains labor-intensive and time-consuming. This paper presents an automated approach to extracting the precise axes from point clouds and updating the associated BIM model for steel structures. The strategy involves the initial geometry extraction from IFC

While Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT)-based models offer high potential for context-specific information generation, inaccurate numerical responses, a lack of detailed information, and hallucination problems remain as the main challenges for their use in assisting safety engineering and management tasks. To address the challenges, this paper systematically evaluates the effectiveness of the

Construction robots are challenging the paradigm of labor‐intensive construction tasks. Imitation learning (IL) offers a promising approach, enabling robots to mimic expert actions. However, obtaining high‐quality expert demonstrations is a major bottleneck in this process as teleoperated robot motions may not align with optimal kinematic behavior. In this paper, two innovations have been proposed

In the realm of using acoustic methods for locating leakages in water supply pipelines, existing research predominantly focuses on single leak localization, with limited exploration into the challenges posed by multiple leak scenarios. To address this gap, a genetic algorithm‐optimized frequency‐domain convolutional blind source separation algorithm is proposed for the precise localization of multiple

Accurate knowledge of underground utility networks’ placement facilitates various tasks, such as urban development. The most accurate data can be acquired via geodetic surveys using total stations during construction while the trench has yet to be backfilled. However, the period between networks’ instalment and trench backfilling is often short, meaning that surveyors may arrive at construction sites

Coral sand, as a geological material for foundation filling, is widely used for reclamation projects in coral reef areas. The coral sand is characterized by a wide grain size distribution. A series of centrifuge shaking table tests were conducted to explore the seismic response of a shallow buried underground structure in saturated coral sand and coral gravelly sand. The emphasis was placed on comparing

A review concerning the development and performance of water-based fixed fire fighting systems (WFFFS) in road tunnels is presented. Conventional WFFFS types, including automatic sprinkler system, deluge system, and water mist system, have gained recognition as valuable supplements to ventilation systems in combating tunnel fires. Full-scale projects through international collaborations have been instrumental

The effectiveness of pressed-in ventilation system significantly affects the environmental condition inside the tunnel after blasting. Previous studies rarely focus on the ventilation scenario with two fans installed in series at a certain interval on the leaky ventilation ducting, which is very common for super long tunnel. The concept of the combined fan is introduced to consider the equivalent pressure

Estimating the resilience of civil infrastructures is crucial for disaster prevention (i.e. earthquakes), encompassing both above- and underground constructions. However, while below-ground infrastructures are generally acknowledged as less vulnerable than their over-ground counterparts, this aspect has not yet garnered widespread attention. Thus, noting the limited number of seismic response comparisons

The integrity of the excavation tunnel point cloud depends on the effectiveness of registering laser scans at each station. However, the complex surface structure of the excavation tunnels, characterized by a lack of significant features, poses registration challenges. To address these obstacles, we introduce a classification mechanism to the neighbor reweighted local centroid (NRLC) algorithm, resulting

Towards the dual goals of energy conservation and outdoor thermal comfort, this study proposed a parametric-oriented optimization design technology for densely-built residential blocks based on the dynamic local energy balance (DLEB) model. The DLEB model was corrected by hourly error formulas based on the field measurement data conducted in Guangzhou, China, which used six local climate zone-derived

Efficient thermal environment control in large public buildings with atria is critical for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study investigates the indoor thermal environments of two distinct atria in Suining, China, within a Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) climate zone. A novel methodology combining K-means clustering algorithms and multiple linear regression (CAMLR) was employed

An alternative low-energy alinite-chlormayenite clinker was produced and its hydration with different gypsum content was studied. The clinker was produced at 1225 °C using reagent-grade materials in an electric kiln with alinite, larnite, and chlormayenite content of 48, 24, and 16 wt%, respectively. The hydration kinetics of the clinker with different gypsum additions (0,10, 20, and 40 wt%) did not

This study introduces a novel method for incorporating artificial flaws in Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) by applying carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer nanocomposite coatings, which has a porous microstructure, to aggregates. In comparison with the control ECC, the implementation of coated aggregates can improve the crack number and the strain capacity of ECC by 268 % and 83.7 %, respectively

The assessment of structural safety and a thorough understanding of buildings' structural behavior are critical to enhancing the resilience of the built environment. Cultural Heritage (CH) buildings present unique diagnosis challenges due to their diverse designs and construction techniques, often requiring attention during maintenance or disaster relief efforts. However, collaboration across CH and

The performance of existing structures is often compromised by damage and condition changes, challenging current evaluation methods in accurately assessing their service status. This paper introduces a structural performance evaluation method via digital-physical twin and multi-parameter identification. Key features include: (1) a digital twin framework that integrates non-contact sensing data with

Cable-in-duct installation is one of the most challenging contact-rich interior finishing tasks for construction robots. Such precise robotic cable manipulation skills are expected to be endowed with high adaptability towards unstructured on-site construction activities via Sim2Real transfer. This paper presents a Sim2Real transferable reinforcement learning (RL) policy learning method for multi-stage

The application of machine learning (ML) in the building domain has rapidly evolved due to developments in ML algorithms. Abundant studies have reviewed the use of ML algorithms to address building-domain-related challenges, but some research questions remain unclear: (i) what is the landscape of ML application topics in building domain, (ii) what are the preferences among different ML application

Substantial concrete pouring is common in large-cross-section station tunnels and releases a considerable amount of hydration heat, which negatively affects the quality and reliability of lining structures. Extensive research on the hydration heat of concrete linings in underground tunnels has not yet been conducted. This study investigated the structural temperature and stress caused by hydration

To study the deformation response of tunnel excavation in clayey formations, with a specific focus on the time-dependent behavior of the Solignano tunnel. The investigation employs in-situ experimental tests and numerical simulations, utilizing the viscoelastic-viscoplastic strain-softening (VEVP-SS) constitutive model to accurately represent the stress–strain relationship of clayey flysch geomaterials

A method is presented for estimating deformations due to external lateral loading for full-scale laboratory performance testing of host-internal replacement pipe (IRP) systems. Soil displacements associated with traffic loading and adjacent excavation are described analytically based on prior research. A beam-on-springs finite element (FE) model is developed to represent buried, jointed cast iron (CI)

The Venlo ventilation system is one of the most widely adopted designs for greenhouses, and it is known for its distinctive roof structure that promotes natural airflow. However, despite its widespread use, it is often inadequate in maintaining the desired temperatures during the summer. This increases the risk of heat stress for greenhouse workers, particularly under the high humidity conditions typically

This article presents an experimental study of a Trombe wall made of cellular concrete, associated with different vent configurations. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory using a Trombe wall connected to an adjacent room, under conditions of an intermediate season. The measurements focus on temperature and heat flux measured in various areas of the facility. Five configurations are compared:

In various industrial manufacturing scenarios, maintaining a low humidity environment with a low dew point temperature (DPT) is crucial. Significant energy consumption is incurred during dehumidification processes. The Heat Pump Desiccant Wheel (HPDW) system emerges as an effective solution to regulate indoor temperature and humidity under such conditions. To improve the energy efficiency of HPDW systems

This study presents an experimental analysis of the thermoregulation characteristics of double-glazed windows integrated with phase change material (PCM) packages and black film coatings. The research focuses on varying the PCM area ratios (ARs) within the vertical glazing, specifically 15 %, 30 %, and 45 %, to evaluate their impact on thermal management and thermoregulation. The experimental setup

Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) represent a significant opportunity to reduce building energy consumption and achieve the climate and energy goals that will be necessary in the future. Nevertheless, the effective operation and maintenance (O&M) management of NZEB remains a significant challenge. This is largely due to the inadequate management of the O&M phase and the lack of comprehensive data integration

Construction sites are high-risk environments owing to the dynamic changes and improper placement of temporary facilities, requiring comprehensive safety management and spatial hazard analyses. Existing construction site layout planning (CSLP) studies have limitations in identifying hazardous zones and accommodating the flexibility stakeholders require. This paper introduces a site information model

Computer vision models have shown great potential in pavement distress detection. There is still challenge of low robustness under different scenarios. The model robustness is enhanced with more annotated data. However, this approach is labor-intensive and not a sustainable long-term solution. This paper proposes a semi-supervised instance segmentation method for road distress detection based on deep

Substituting normal concrete with engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a promising way to address the cracking issue in steel-concrete composite structures. For realizing a synergetic deformation between ECC and steel, headed stud connectors can be incorporated to ensure an effective shear transfer along their interface. To understand the shear transfer mechanism of headed studs in ECC, a comprehensive

Although many studies considered crystalline admixtures (CA) as the self-healing agent, only limited studies investigated the potential effects of aggressive ions on the self-healing performance of marine structures. Furthermore, there is an increasing trend to use SCMs to improve concrete resilience while lowering carbon footprint. This study investigated the effects of CA and sustainable waste wood

The influence of hydration on water transport within cement paste is usually neglected, especially for the simulation. However, in low water-to-cement ratio cement paste cured underwater, hydration with the affected microstructure occurs along with the water transport and should be taken into account. In this study, the water absorption and hydration degree were monitored in cement pastes with ultra-low

Coal gangue is a carbonaceous rock discharged from coal mining and coal washing processes, an industrial solid waste in the coal mining industry. Coal gangue contains complex and diverse components, has low utilization rate and difficulty in compatibility between large-scale and high added value. Long term accumulation pollutes the environment. Safely, efficiently, and resourceful dispose and utilization

The use of conventional concrete as the inner lining in double-layer lining shield tunnels presents challenges, including cracking and poor durability. This study proposes a novel double-layer lining structure with Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) as the secondary lining. The enhancement mechanism of this structure is analyzed through full-scale experiments and refined numerical simulations.

Seismic events have underscored the significant impact of Rayleigh waves on the seismic resilience of shallow-buried tunnels. Existing analytical models often overlook key factors influencing seismic responses, including shear deformations, the rotational inertia of the tunnel cross-section, soil spring shear interaction, and the coupling of axial and transverse dynamic responses. These issues are