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Full-scale experimental study on the smoke and thermal insulation of a water mist fire extinguishing system in a short road tunnel with natural ventilation
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106414
Deyuan Kan, Shouzhong Feng, Zhiguo Yan, Long Zhou, Hehua Zhu

Tunnel fires have become a huge threat to human life and property, and the large amount of smoke and thermal produced by the fire is the principal cause of human casualties. The water mist system is considered a highly promising fire extinguishing technology. However, the research on the water mist system which could simultaneously extinguish fire and block smoke is rare. The objective of this study is to propose a new water mist fire extinguishing system, which can achieve effects of fire suppression, smoke suppression and thermal insulation concurrently. Two full-scale fire tests were conducted: one involving free combustion without the activation of the water mist system and another where the water mist was activated after ignition. The fire extinction mechanism of the proposed water mist system was discussed via the analysis of heat release rate and flame characteristics. Moreover, the smoke and thermal insulation capabilities were qualitatively investigated by observing the longitudinal temperature variation below the tunnel ceiling and the temperature distribution within the tunnel. Additionally, the smoke insulation performance was quantitatively analyzed based on the concentration of particulate matter and the concentration of carbon monoxide. The results revealed that with the activation of water mist system, the fire source was continuously suppressed until it was extinguished. The water mist fire extinguishing system proposed in this research can effectively block the heat and smoke generated by combustion. Notably, the system exhibited an excellent barrier effect on smoke particles, ensuring that the tunnel space beyond the mist spray segment remained visibly clear during the fire. Thanks to the inhibitory effect of water mist onto the fire source, the concentration of carbon monoxide inside the tunnel was reduced by over 30%, and the presence time of carbon monoxide inside the tunnel was shortened by over 58%. However, the water mist fire extinguishing system failed to effectively block the spread of carbon monoxide.

中文翻译:


自然通风短途隧道细水雾灭火系统的防烟保温全尺寸实验研究



隧道火灾已成为对人类生命财产的巨大威胁,火灾产生的大量烟雾和热能是造成人员伤亡的主要原因。细水雾系统被认为是一种非常有前途的灭火技术。然而,对可以同时灭火和阻挡烟雾的细水雾系统的研究很少见。本研究旨在提出一种新型细水雾灭火系统,该系统可同时实现灭火、抑烟和保温的效果。进行了两次全面的防火测试:一次涉及不启动细水雾系统的自由燃烧,另一次是在点燃后激活细水雾。通过分析热释放速率和火焰特性,讨论了所提出的细水雾系统的灭火机理。此外,通过观察隧道天花板以下的纵向温度变化和隧道内的温度分布,定性地研究了烟雾和隔热能力。此外,根据颗粒物浓度和一氧化碳浓度定量分析了防烟性能。结果表明,随着细水雾系统的激活,火源被持续抑制直至熄灭。本研究提出的细水雾灭火系统能有效阻挡燃烧产生的热量和烟雾。值得注意的是,该系统对烟雾颗粒表现出出色的阻隔效果,确保在火灾期间,油雾喷雾段以外的隧道空间保持明显畅通。 由于水雾对火源的抑制作用,隧道内一氧化碳浓度降低了 30% 以上,一氧化碳在隧道内的存在时间缩短了 58% 以上。然而,细水雾灭火系统未能有效阻挡一氧化碳的蔓延。
更新日期:2025-01-22
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