As a common defect in geotechnical environments, the fracture response characteristics of holes under complex loading directly affect the catastrophic evolution mode of subsurface rock engineering. In this study, the effect mechanism of different defects on the mechanical properties and fracture damage behavior of rocks was investigated by uniaxial compression test, and the rocks fracture evolution

The complexity of spiral tunnels exacerbates driving safety risks, making it essential to elucidate the mechanisms of various factors to conduct effective research in this area. This study, based on the “road-driver-vehicle” feedback process, analyzed the impact mechanisms of three dimensions—road alignment, lighting environment, and traffic flow—on driver behavior and vehicle dynamics in spiral tunnels

In deep mining, the traditional technology of gob-side entry retaining by backfilling (GERB) would result in an increased degree of floor damage due to high stress and existence of pillar filling bodies. Especially when the GERB is implemented above confined water, due to long continuous excavation distance and large range of mining disturbance, there is usually a higher risk of floor water inrush

Understanding metro development patterns is crucial for cities to design efficient and well-connected transit networks. However, the heterogeneity in network scale and variations in development timelines pose challenges in identifying universal evolutionary patterns. This study introduces a hybrid clustering approach that integrates K-means with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) Barycenter Averaging to analyze

The shield tunnel with the circular cross section can be built without destroying the surrounding rock and ground buildings. Oil fires are particularly dangerous commonly existing from oil leaks caused by vehicle collision accident in circular cross section tunnel. The structural strength of tunnel’s ceiling and side walls should be significantly reduced by the fire. In addition, once a tunnel fire

The rapid expansion of underground infrastructure has driven the increased adoption of large-diameter shield tunneling, exposing limitations in traditional design methods for small-diameter tunnels under complex geological conditions. This paper presents an analytical method based on a thin curved beam model, incorporating multi-layered soil strata effects and compression-induced soil reactions on

Leakage-induced erosion in underground engineering has emerged as a critical issue, leading to frequent accidents and posing significant threats to structural stability and safety. While extensive research has explored the seepage behavior of individual structures, the interactions between the defects, particularly following the implementation of preventive or remedial measures, are not fully understood

Shield tunnels are typical underground structures assembled from segmental rings and bolts. The relatively small stiffness of the ring joints compared to segmental rings can easily lead to the discontinuous deformation, and even damage or spalling of the segments, which poses a serious threat to safe tunnel operation. How to consider the discontinuous stiffness and deformation of longitudinal structure

As the importance of urban underground infrastructure in disaster prevention and mitigation becomes increasingly evident, rock tunnels face complex geological and hazard risks. Prestressed support systems are widely regarded as an effective solution to enhance the disaster resilience of shallow-buried urban rock tunnels. However, traditional stress arch theory, which is designed for deeper tunnels

Ground vibrations from operating railway in tunnels is a significant obstacle to sustainable development of subway. The backfill grouting layer, formed during shield tunneling, serves as a critical medium in propagation of tunnel vibrations, highlighting its potential in vibration mitigation. A semi-analytical model for the tunnel-grouting layer-soil system is proposed in this study, in order to clarify

The timely and appropriate adjustment of operational parameters is necessary for efficient tunneling and hazard prevention in TBM projects. However, the currently provided operation control strategies mainly tend to adjust the operational parameters by TBM driver to achieve the maximum penetration, which leads to severe cutter wear in hard rock tunnels. This study innovatively uses tunnel specific

Previous studies have demonstrated that reducing earthquake-induced damage to central columns in underground structures can effectively prevent the collapse of overall structures. Truncated columns (TC) are less likely to experience severe damage during lateral deformation because the partial release of the constraints at both ends of the columns helps maintain their integrity. This approach can effectively

The safety of hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) in underground utility tunnels continues to receive attention. In this study, an experiment platform for the leakage near-field of the utility tunnel is designed based on the similarity theory. The reliability of CFD numerical simulation in the leakage near field is verified by experiments. For the leakage process of HBNG, the increase of hydrogen blending

To accurately and efficiently determine the rock joint roughness coefficient (JRC), a multi-parameter determination method for rock discontinuity roughness based on intelligent extraction of geometric properties was proposed. Firstly, a morphological characterization analysis program for rock discontinuities based on 3D point cloud reconstruction was developed. This program achieved the automatic extraction

Excavating layered karst tunnels often triggers water and mud inrushes, posing serious risks to life and property. This paper examines the effect of layered rock structures on the failure mechanism and minimum safety thickness of water-resistant rock mass. First, mechanical models for horizontally and vertically layered water-resistant rock mass are established. Utilizing the Mohr-Coulomb criterion

This paper investigated the extension length and maximum temperature of ceiling jet flame with different fire source locations within the curved tunnel. A series of experiments were conducted in a 1:15 reduced-scale tunnel with four different bending radians. Two nozzle diameters (2 and 4 mm) and four fire source positions were considered, while the propane was used as the fuel gas. The experimental

The existing rectangular pipe jacking tunnel is prone to deform after the construction of the new nearby shield tunnel, resulting in longitudinal uneven settlement, water leakage, and other ailments that could jeopardize the structure’s safety. The safety of the existing rectangular pipe jacking tunnel is in jeopardy in order to prevent the excessive deformation of the tunnel following the construction

Groundwater and its storage structures are widespread, leading to frequent water inrush disasters during tunnel construction, which severely compromise safety and efficiency. Blasting disturbances cause rock fissures to expand and connect, leading to instability and failure. However, the mechanisms behind tunnel water inrush caused by blasting, especially the dynamic changes in water pressure within

In silty (fine) sand aquifer, water-soil gushing (WSG) of shield tunnel may occur, causing structural damage and even collapse. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind ground displacement and tunnel deformation during WSG in stratified soil was required for guiding disaster-relief in practice. In this article, the responses of ground and shield tunnel to WSG in stratified soil were investigated

Advanced geological detection technology plays a crucial role in identifying adverse geological conditions along tunnel routes, providing early warnings for potential disasters such as water inrush, and ensuring construction safety. Among these technologies, the seismic wave method is widely used for predicting geological conditions in tunneling projects. However, traditional seismic wave approaches

In the process of Hydraulic jet cavity completion (HJCC), the elastic energy and gas expansion energy endowed in the coal around cavity can be instantly released under the strong disturbance of the water jet and cause dynamic disasters. Currently, the influence mechanisms of external disturbance and gas desorption on the cavity instability are unclear, and the technical methods to ensure cavity stability

During tunnelling with an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield in the sandy soil, the support pressure at the tunnel face depends on the properties of the muck (soil-foam mixture). Five series of foam infiltration tests were performed to investigate the effects of foam expansion ratio (FER), foam injection ratio (FIR), initial pressure gradient at the tunnel face, air pressure in the excavation chamber

Shield tunnelling through densely populated urban areas inevitably disturbs the surrounding soil, potentially posing significant safety risks to nearby buildings and structures. The constitutive models currently employed in numerical simulations for tunnel engineering are predominantly confined to the assumptions of isotropy and coaxiality, making it challenging to adequately capture the complexity

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an essential nondestructive testing tool widely used in tunnel and road defect detection, underground object detection, and unstructured terrain perception. Currently, most GPR inversion methods based on deep learning use convolutional neural networks, which have limitations such as incomplete feature extraction and low accuracy. Inspired by advancements in the NLP

The surrounding rock condition of tunneling palm face can be obtained by recognizing the degree of rock fragmentation on the tunnel boring machine (TBM) conveyor belt. However, prolonged exposure to water mist and dust significantly degrades the image quality of rock fragmentation, which poses a significant challenge to achieving accurate image recognition. This paper proposes a multi-scale hybrid

In this paper, the influence of sidewall restriction on the temperature distribution beneath the channel ceiling induced by double fires was experimentally and numerically investigated. Two fire scenarios (center and wall fires) were defined and analyzed. Heat release rate (HRR) and fire separation distance (S) were taken as the primary analysis variables. The results show that with the increase in

The geological model (including stratigraphic configuration and geo-properties) of shield tunnels can be varied strongly along the tunnel alignment, due to the large longitudinal length of tunnels and spatial variability of geological bodies. Meanwhile, the geological model uncertainty can exert a significant influence on the evaluated tunnel behavior (e.g., tunnel longitudinal behavior and circumferential

Laser-assisted disc cutter cutting offers a promising approach to enhance the cutting performance of hard rock by inducing thermal stress, which weakens the rock’s strength. In this study, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to establish the relationship between laser-induced thermal stress and rock strength weakening. The effects of laser power, radiation distance, and strafing speed

To address the challenges of slow construction and low assembly precision associated with traditional bolted joints, a novel type of longitudinal joint connected by quick C–T type connectors (C–T joints) has emerged. While this new joint design offers improved flexural behaviour, the connectors are more sensitive to corrosion. Thus, this paper comprehensively investigated the mechanical properties

Tunnel construction has become increasingly challenging in water-rich fault fracture zones, and failure evolution of tunnel traversing is essential for understanding the deformation characteristics. In this study, the dynamic evolution of water and mud inrush in tunnels crossing water-rich fault zones was investigated by the experimental test and numerical simulation based on Discrete Element Method

In addressing the frontier issue of high-temperature damage mechanisms in underground engineering fires and their impact on lining concrete and surrounding rock mechanical properties, this study focuses on C35 concrete as the primary subject of investigation, with granite from tunnel sections in the Sichuan-Tibet region serving as a reference. The research analyzes the evolution of damage and mechanical

To address the problems of large volume, complex composition, difficulty in treatment and environmental pollution of the waste mud (WM) generated in urban slurry shield tunnels, the ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), calcium aluminate powder (CAP), fuel gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), lime and alunite were incorporated into ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to develop a new modified curing

The reliability analysis method considers the uncertainty of rock parameters, making the stability analysis of underground engineering more accurate. A reliability analysis method applicable to assess the stability of underground water-sealed storage caverns was proposed in the study. In the method, the performance functions were established from the perspectives of the plastic zone and cavern displacement

A model is proposed to describe the soil movement caused by tunnel excavation. The mathematical relationships for soil displacement in both the horizontal and vertical directions are established. An optimized Gaussian function is developed to accommodate various ground conditions for describing vertical displacement, then, a formula for horizontal displacement is derived on this basis, providing a

Energy tunnel is a tunnel that uses the positioned absorber pipes to collect heat outside or inside the tunnel. Heating power energy tunnel collects the heat emitted by the heating pipelines installed in the heating power tunnel. During the heat extraction process, the variation of tunnel air temperature may affect the heat transfer performance and bring about thermal stress of the tunnel lining. In

Water-rich cracks are a common type of damage in high-speed railway tunnels. When high-speed trains passing through tunnels, the dramatic changing in aerodynamic pressure repeatedly acts on water-rich cracks, potentially causing further crack expansion or even more severe structural damages. This study employs the dynamic overlapping grid method and the volume of fluid (VOF) model to establish a multiphase

The quantification and assessment of the surface flatness of the initial tunnel support play a crucial role in the quality acceptance process. Currently, the traditional measurement method predominantly relies on manual inspection, which is time-consuming and susceptible to errors. This study proposes an automated measurement and evaluation method for assessing the flatness of the initial support surface

Ensuring the stability of the tunnel face is crucial for the safety of shield tunnel construction. To assess tunnel face stability during cutterhead operation, we implemented an experimental system incorporating the cutterhead. This system was then utilized to investigate the failure modes of excavation faces in sandy soil layers and the variation in support pressure. Nine sets of physical model tests

The shield tail is the final part of the shield shell, and each segment assembled in the shield machine will leave from the shield shell by detaching from shield tail. There are three spatial relationships between the shield shell and the segments: completely at the shield shell, detaching from the shield tail, and completely detached from the shield tail. The squeezing action of the shield shell deflection

The stability of the excavation face plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety control of shield tunneling. However, there is a dearth of existing literature on the investigation of excavation face stability in inclined composite strata under the influence of seepage. This paper conducts model tests to investigate the instability of excavation faces in inclined strata under varying seepage conditions

Numerous advanced deep learning models have been applied to forecast shield tunneling-induced ground settlement to mitigate the adverse impacts of excavation on surface infrastructures. However, most existing studies neglect the spatiotemporal correlations in raw settlement data. This study proposes data-driven LSTM model enhanced by multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanisms, which proficiently capture

Underground infrastructure, designed to last for decades, play a vital role in urban life. Its maintenance and upkeep have significant societal values and contribute to sustainability. Simulation and modelling along with digitisation and virtualisation as key technologies in the context of Industry 4.0 have fundamentally transformed delivery of engineering projects. With climate change pose pressing

Fire accidents could significantly disrupt the operation of urban roads, especially when they occur at critical routes, such as tunnels. However, due to a lack of systematic studies on the traffic demand affected by tunnel fires, it is challenging to properly define an indicator on traffic performance during accidents, as well as investigate the development of traffic performance in the disruption

The seismic response of tunnels in liquefiable ground requires careful consideration of adjacent structures due to potential structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) effects. These interactions can significantly influence the behaviour of underground systems during earthquakes, potentially affecting structural integrity and safety. This study aims at explore the interaction effect of a large diameter

This study investigates the thermal response of an energy raft foundation in Taipei. The energy raft foundation was installed to provide heating and cooling to a 13-story and 3-level basement residential building. The geothermal pipe comprised 40 loops connected in series and had a total heat exchange length of 6720 m. A three-dimensional numerical model was established and validated against field

The unique conditions of underground environments have sparked substantial interest in health-centric studies over the past decades. In parallel, whole process engineering (WPE), influenced by rapid digitalisation, is gaining ground to improve urban sector development. While WPE considerations are emphasised in aboveground projects, underground developments have historically received insufficient attention

This study aims to identify optimal layout designs and specifications for maximizing the advance rate of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in soft ground tunneling projects. Field data from numerous projects were analyzed, utilizing a database compiled by the author over the past 20 years. The paper discusses the classification of ground types, center opening types, and scraper layout designs based on

The simulation of non-uniform seismic motions is critical for the seismic design of important underground structures such as long tunnels. However, the classic Spectral Representation Method (SRM) for simulating non-uniform seismic motions requires matrix decomposition, which consumes substantial memory and has low computational efficiency. This study proposes a non-uniform seismic motion simulation

To address the challenge of the complex and extensive seismic design elements of tunnels, which are difficult to be accurately described using mathematical functions, a novel model combining convolutional neural networks (CNN), gated recurrent units (GRU), and an attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, based on actual engineering examples, the tunnel dimensions and site soil information are determined

The automatic, rapid, and accurate identification of microseismic (MS) signals is paramount for real-time rockburst hazard early warning. However, the identification robustness and accuracy of current MS signal classification algorithms face significant challenges due to severe noise interference and limited deployment resources in practical engineering applications. In this study, a lightweight and

Numerical modelling of tunnels in brittle rock is a challenging endeavour for rock mechanics engineers. Multiple methods have been developed to aid in the design of underground excavations that are prone to brittle failure. For rock mechanics practitioners, the most useful tools are those that adequately and objectively represent the ground reaction, and can be interpreted without excessive qualitative

The grouting method plays a critical role in preventing seawater intrusion in submarine tunnels, particularly in regions with highly weathered rock that are susceptible to erosion and shifting seawater. The long-term properties of the strength and impermeability of the grout–soil composite are related to the durability of the tunnel lining structure, which is an important focus of the present research

This paper investigates the dynamic response of shallow dual circular unlined tunnels in an elastic half-plane during earthquakes. The scattered wave fields are constructed using the complex variable method and image method. General expressions for the displacement and stress components of the soil are derived through the conformal mapping technique. The half-plane surface and the tunnels in the physical

The movement of mining equipment complicates predicting and managing methane dispersion, with the dynamic interaction between machinery and gas flows significantly impacting methane concentrations and safety. This computational study investigates the impact of shearer operation on airflow, methane and oxygen dispersions in longwall mining using advanced transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

The particle size and morphology of the rock slag on the TBM conveyor belt are important for the driver’s adjustment of the tunneling parameters. However, the light source at the shooting site produces strong light pollution on the rock image, which greatly affects the image recognition results. This paper proposes an image adaptive spot denoising combined with contour-texture decomposition attention-based

Understanding the mechanical responses of tunnels to fault slip induced by dynamic disturbances is crucial for assessing structural safety and stability. Previously, scholars have focused mainly on the shear properties of rough interfaces, neglecting the influence of stress concentration caused by fault slips on underground engineering projects. Therefore, in this work, laboratory experiments and numerical

The dynamic characteristics of a site play a crucial role in the seismic response of underground structures. However, existing seismic vulnerability models often inadequately account for variability in soil parameters. This paper examines a frame subway station underground structure, performing both a traditional seismic vulnerability analysis considering only seismic motion record uncertainty, and

During the tunneling process, the numerous and dense electromechanical equipment and shield machine facilities will release a significant amount of heat and noise, and emit various harmful gases and dust, severely influencing the comfort of the construction environment. In this case, it is highly necessary to study the comfort of the tunnel construction environment. This paper presents a comprehensive

During shield tunneling beneath existing railway bridges, the heterogeneity of strata and the uncertainty of tunneling parameters often pose significant risks to railway operation safety. Based on statistical data from geological drilling and shield tunneling parameters in a real engineering project, this study establishes a probabilistic safety assessment framework by integrating unconditional random