In lightweight buildings, internal temperatures are strongly influenced by external factors, such as fluctuating outdoor temperatures, and solar radiation, particularly during spring and autumn when operated without heating or cooling. Previous studies often relied on measurements over arbitrarily chosen short periods with limited consideration for varying external temperatures or solar radiation effects

The focus of this paper is to extract clear and objective information to assist specifiers in the building sector in selecting materials with a lower basic environmental impact, specifically insulation materials that form the insulating layer within the thermal envelope. For this purpose, a selection of representative materials has been made, for which information related to their Life Cycle Assessment

This paper reports the results of an experimental study on the fire resistance of bolted laminated bamboo beam-to-column connections exposed to an ISO 834 standard fire. Six full-scale connection specimens were fabricated. Connection types included bolted connections with slotted-in steel plates and bolted connections with T-shape steel side plates. Ratios of the applied load during fire exposure were

Marine soft soils, characterized by high water content and low strength, present significant challenges to foundation stability. These soils often lead to settlement and uneven deformation, posing risks to infrastructure safety. This study tackles these challenges and promotes industrial waste utilization by developing a novel curing material for marine soft soils. The material consists of ground granulated

The European Union’s climate targets challenge the building sector to reduce energy use while ensuring comfort. Ventilation systems play an important role in achieving these goals. During system planning, the primary focus tends to lie on reducing life-cycle costs, including energy and investment expenses. Acoustic considerations which contribute significantly to occupant comfort, are either addressed

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are essential for enhancing both the performance and sustainability of modern cement systems. Among these, lithium slag (LS) has emerged as a promising candidate, though its impact on cement hydration remains insufficiently understood. As an aluminosilicate-based material, LS can synergistically interact with carbonate additives like limestone powder (LP)

Permeable blocks rainwater tank (RW tank) source heat pump system (RWHP system) can contribute to the development of an eco-friendly energy system. Therefore, this study evaluated the temperature behavior of the RW tank through the testbed operation performance analysis of RWHP system. Additionally, in order to develop a model that predicts the temperature of the RW tank, four models (Bagging, Boosting

The reliability of reinforced concrete (RC) columns decreases during long-term service, so there is an urgent need to develop seismic retrofitting methods. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has become a promising repair material due to its excellent mechanical properties, but it still requires suitable reinforcing materials to improve its ductility. In this study, a new method of using UHPC jackets

Growing attention has been focused on the design of structures resisting progressive collapse during the past decade. The cables of prestressed large-span space structures may fracture in complex service environments, triggering a progressive collapse of the structure. The objective of this study is to elucidate the failure mechanisms and modes of truss string structure (TSS) with alternate cables

This study focuses on developing a bio-based polyurethane foam (PUF) composite by integrating nanofillers such as carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC), magnesium oxide (MgO), and bamboo charcoal (BC) into the PUF using a poly-vinyl-alcohol (PVA) and borax slime matrix through the dip-coating process. The objective of the research is to reduce room noise across a broad frequency range and compare the experimental

Fume hoods are commonly used in laboratory environments to control air pollutants and ensure the health and safety of laboratory personnel. This paper proposes a novel air-curtain fume hood based on an attached air jet (AC-AJ fume hood). A supplementary air jet is formed on the sash by installing a slot inlet inside the hood to create an air curtain, achieving air isolation inside and outside the hood

With the increasing number of steel structure buildings, its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been a subject of lasting interest in regard to environmental sustainability. In this study, under the same seismic capacity, the effects of structural design alternatives (material strength and structural system) on the embodied carbon (EC) emissions at the product, construction process, and end-of-life

The interface performance between composite reinforced concrete (RC) beams and TRC permanent formwork significantly influences the load-bearing capacity of composite beams. Based on bending tests of composite beams with varying dimensions, a numerical model considering the interface characteristics between concrete and formwork was established. The effects of member size, interface treatment, formwork

Currently, safety inspections of aging buildings are conducted by inspectors manually recording defects identified through visual inspection of paper blueprints, which carries the risk of data loss and potential issues with the reliability of the inspection results. This paper proposes an integrated defect information management process that utilizes a CNN model and Scan to BIM technology to solve

To promote the sustainable use of coal gangue in situ, coal gangue concrete (CGC) and BFRP-confined CGC have been explored to be supporting members in underground mines, where long-term sustained loads lead to significant creep deformation, affecting structural performance. Thus, 24 unconfined CGC and 36 BFRP-confined CGC specimens were tested, considering the effect of inner CGC strength, BFRP layer

To improve the earthquake resilience of reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structures, an innovative shear wall with replaceable coupling beams and replaceable corner components (RCCs) installed in wall piers is proposed in this study. At first, the mechanical properties of dampers installed in coupling beams and RCCs obtained by testes are presented. The numerical models for replaceable components

The Mw7.8 and 7.5 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes of February 6, 2023, caused widespread devastation to building structures across Türkiye. Reinforced concrete frame-wall systems experienced severe damage, including flexure-compression and shear-compression failures, often leading to collapses. Field investigations highlighted construction malpractices, such as inadequate seismic detailing, missing cross-ties

The temperature sensor deployment for indoor temperature field estimation is critical in managing thermal comfort and achieving energy savings in the digital twin (DT) of building energy systems. Current temperature sensor deployment methods prioritize constructing the true temperature field, which yield increasing cost and added DT computing dimensions. Additionally, they frequently overlooked the

Hydraulic imbalance and uneven cooling and heating in the building heating systems often result from the difficulty in precisely controlling the flow through control valves. Traditional turbulence models, such as the shear stress transport (SST) model, often exhibit significant errors in predicting flow behavior, leading to a reduction in system performance. This study aims to enhance the predictive

Low-damage glulam structures represent a new approach to improve lateral stiffness and mitigate earthquake damage in glulam structures. This paper proposed an innovative low-damage glulam frame (ILF) with energy-dissipating braces. The ILF was assembled by beam-column hinge connections with energy-dissipating braces and column-base connections with column shoes. Reversed cyclic loading tests were carried

Using natural fibers is a practical method for achieving the best possible levels of both acoustic and thermal comfort in residential and office environments. The present study delves into the investigation of the acoustic and thermal performance of fibrous panels made of Typha Latifolia natural fibers. The specimens were produced in varying thicknesses (ranging from 30 to 50 mm), two distinct densities

Reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs are commonly introduced in medium-rise buildings because of their constructional and architectural benefits. However, the tensile brittleness of normal concrete can lead to progressive collapse in such RC structure, triggered by punching shear failure. The failure for such slabs is a significant concern. So, this study addresses it through experimental identification

The nature of wood is diverse having a positive characteristic like added strength, workability, stability plus low cost which gives it, its uniqueness. Unlike steel, ceramic or glass, wood moves as the moisture content of air moves, it continues to absorb moisture and decays. With recent search for highly performing materials in wood technology, it is of great importance to explore into other techniques

The shortage of natural construction aggregates, coupled with the large volumes of industrial solid wastes, is posing a significant challenge to sustainable development, thereby driving the advancement of artificial lightweight aggregates, particularly cold-bonded artificial aggregates (CBAA). On the one hand, CBAA receives increasing attentions in recent years due to its advantages in wastes recycling

The rapid expansion of material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) has emphasized the importance of path-planning strategies for enhancing manufacturing efficiency and printing quality. However, current strategies are often deemed inefficient, inadequately adaptive, and mechanically weak. Additionally, existing studies generally overlook interlayer dissimilarity, leading to connected voids. To

This research focuses on air source heat pump (ASHP) technology, and given the urgent global need for energy efficiency and environmental protection, it is significant to explore its adaptability to diverse climatic conditions and its critical role in reducing carbon emissions. The research utilizes a methodology that analyzes the performance of ASHPs in more than 270 cities in China, with a focus

China's aging population is increasing because of longer life expectancy and declining fertility rates. This demographic shift has increased the demand for eldercare facilities in China, making high-quality and efficient facility management (FM) a top priority for nursing home facility managers. Building information modelling (BIM) has been proposed as an effective means of improving work efficiency

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is gaining popularity for large-scale applications due to its superior mechanical performance and durability. However, the extent of large applications remains limited because of the high cost and carbon footprint of UHPC components like steel fibers. This study aims to incorporate different types of recycled steel fibers (RSF) from landfill tires as an alternative

In response to rapid urbanization and the intensifying energy crisis, the building sector necessitates sustainable and energy-efficient construction practices. Particularly, buildings account for a significant portion of global energy consumption dedicated to heating and cooling. This research investigates the optimization of roof panel design for enhanced insulation properties through thermal simulation

This work studied the effect of metakaolin fineness on the performances of cement-based materials through measurements of calorimetric response, mechanical properties, and capillary water absorption. Using multi-technique characterization (X-ray diffraction, SEM, TGA, MIP, and solid state 29Si NMR), the phase composition and microstructural characteristics of samples were analyzed. Results indicate

This present study aims to assess the effect of mixing Taal volcanic ash (TVA) as an aluminosilicate material in geopolymer (GP) mortar. Specifically, it examines various mortar properties such as compressive strength, microstructure, thermal, and radiation shielding as an effective barrier for X-ray and gamma-ray energies. In this investigation, the mixed proportion of the samples includes an S/B

Efficient solution regeneration is crucial for the continuous operation of frost-free air-source heat pump (FFASHP). However, the lack of quantitative comparison of various solution regeneration methods at the same scale complicates the selection of regeneration method. To address this issue, this paper investigates five typical regeneration methods: air-driven evaporation (ADE), single effect distillation

Infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame building is prone to collapse during earthquakes, highlighting the importance for seismic vulnerability assessment of infilled RC frame. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is widely used for vulnerability assessment, which required to conduct nonlinear time history (NTH) analysis, leading to high computational costs and significant time consumption for extensive

With the rapid urbanization and growth of construction industry, a large number of concrete structures are demolished and numerous industrial waste by-products are introduced. If the industrial waste such as slag powder and fly ash are efficiently reused to replace Portland cement completely and combined with recycled aggregates from demolished structures, a new kind of concrete, namely alkali-activated

This study examines the impact of thermal buffer space on the energy efficiency of rural dwellings in a severe cold region of China. By optimizing the parameters of thermal buffer space, the study proposes an effective design strategy tailored to the region, which can help retrofit farmhouses for nearly zero energy consumption, thus reducing overall energy use. Using field research and literature review

Air infiltration significantly impacts indoor air quality, building envelope performance, and building energy consumption. In recent years, numerous models have been developed to predict air infiltration through building envelopes. However, selecting an appropriate air infiltration prediction model remains challenging due to the diversity of model types, the ambiguity of application scopes, and inconsistencies

This study presents a high-performance MgO-cement-based grouting material designed to address poor solidification in saline groundwater environments. The effects of varying salt content (0%–25 %), liquid-solid ratios (0.5, 1.0, 1.5), and MgO content (5%–25 %) on grouting performance were investigated. Tests examined slurry workability and mechanical properties of the cemented body, while XRD and SEM

To escape a dangerous building emergency occupants may need to respond quickly, assess the environment, plan their actions and tackle possible problems during evacuation. In this study 147 participants were tested in an experimental evacuation design for the effects of three environmental factors (fire alarm, lighting and emergency exit signs illumination) on problem-solving abilities. The experimental

This study aims to investigate the crack characteristics and damage degree of pre-damaged RC beams strengthened with CFRP under various multiple impact conditions. RC beams strengthened with CFRP (ultimate tensile strength 3585.6 MPa) were subjected to drop-weight tests at multiple impact velocities of 5.2 m/s, 4.4 m/s, and 4.4 m/s, respectively. The crack propagation behaviors of all specimens were

Substituting normal concrete with engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a promising way to address the cracking issue in steel-concrete composite structures. For realizing a synergetic deformation between ECC and steel, headed stud connectors can be incorporated to ensure an effective shear transfer along their interface. To understand the shear transfer mechanism of headed studs in ECC, a comprehensive

Although many studies considered crystalline admixtures (CA) as the self-healing agent, only limited studies investigated the potential effects of aggressive ions on the self-healing performance of marine structures. Furthermore, there is an increasing trend to use SCMs to improve concrete resilience while lowering carbon footprint. This study investigated the effects of CA and sustainable waste wood

The influence of hydration on water transport within cement paste is usually neglected, especially for the simulation. However, in low water-to-cement ratio cement paste cured underwater, hydration with the affected microstructure occurs along with the water transport and should be taken into account. In this study, the water absorption and hydration degree were monitored in cement pastes with ultra-low

Coal gangue is a carbonaceous rock discharged from coal mining and coal washing processes, an industrial solid waste in the coal mining industry. Coal gangue contains complex and diverse components, has low utilization rate and difficulty in compatibility between large-scale and high added value. Long term accumulation pollutes the environment. Safely, efficiently, and resourceful dispose and utilization

Climate change is a formidable environmental challenge, compelling all sectors to reduce their carbon footprint. This study explored the behavior of pretreated bamboo as a possible replacement of steel reinforcement in lightweight reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structures, since steel is a major source of carbon emissions. Three types of reinforced concrete beams were tested: (1) steel-reinforced

Conventional demolition methods for masonry structures often treat demolished materials as construction waste, lacking a reuse process. This study proposed a green and recyclable method by disassembling brick wall panels into sections and reusing them to construct new masonry structures. To verify the feasibility of this method, a two-story brick masonry structure model was constructed, with a detailed

Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymers under isolated conditions such as elevated temperatures or sulfate exposure. However, the combined effects of fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), and recycled aggregates on geopolymers subjected to the simultaneous exposure of high temperatures

In this paper, the shrinkage deformation of C35 and C50 concrete and its equivalent mortar by each factor under the complex coupling environment of low air pressure, large temperature difference, windy drying, and strong ultraviolet radiation is systematically studied by using an independently designed complex environment simulation platform. The effects of each environmental factor on the shrinkage

Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), an innovative combination of fine-grained concrete and textile, facilitates the construction of thin, lightweight structures. Epoxy resin impregnation of textile is commonly applied to improve the mechanical properties of TRC, but it also increases the occurrence of spalling failure, which is not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effects of textile

An architectural floor plan considering emergency evacuation requirements minimizes casualty risks during disasters. Predicting potential congestion in emergency evacuation shortens evacuation time, and minimizes casualties. A congestion prediction model for the emergency evacuations on university libraries in China was developed by integrating Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), Agent-Based Modeling (ABM)

Given the unprecedented growth of the ageing population and the unique demands on indoor environments, enhancing the performance of community care homes (CCHs) is essential to ensuring the health and well-being of older adults. However, in designing CCHs, performance criteria from conventional public buildings are often employed as reference indicators (RIs), overlooking age-friendly indicators (AFIs)

Cold joints, formed due to interruptions in the concrete placement process, significantly impact the mechanical behavior of concrete structures. This study comprehensively examines the detrimental effects of cold joints on the mechanical properties of concrete. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the compressive and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, toughness, and fracture

Self-centering concrete joints are an increasingly acceptable mean to sustain earthquake loadings in structures. Whilst seismic performance of self-centering concrete joints is extensively researched, the post-fire seismic performance of self-centering concrete joints is rarely reported. A better understanding of the performance for fire-damaged self-centering concrete joints is necessary to assess

Understanding the influence of alkali-resistant superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) on the performance of cementitious materials based on Portland Cement (PC) is crucial for optimizing their applications in construction. This study primarily focuses on the effects of varying SAP content on the multiple properties and hydration process of PC materials. The optimal dosage of alkali-resistant SAP (with an

The layer-by-layer stacking process of 3D Printing Construction Technology (3DPCT) inevitably leads to weak bonding areas between the interlayer interfaces and the interstrip interfaces, which affect the mechanical properties of the printed structure. The effects of different carbonation time of recycled sand on the mechanical properties and interfacial bonding performance of 3D printed cement-based

Cracks in concrete structures are unavoidable and can significantly shorten their lifespan. As infrastructure worldwide continues to age, it is essential to prioritize effective crack healing methods and implement reliable monitoring techniques. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop an in situ, online and nondestructive ultrasonic monitoring tool to capture crack formation and evaluate

Accurate building electricity load prediction is critical for Intelligent buildings operation and control. However, the imbalance in the number of workday and holiday samples in historical data often leads to lower prediction accuracy for holidays. Furthermore, existing research typically evaluates performance using global accuracy, which can obscure deficiencies in holiday-specific predictions. To

The operation and maintenance (O&M) phase of the building life cycle is the costliest and longest, yet it has received limited research attention regarding its integration with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twins (DT). This study employs bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review (SLR) to explore this underdeveloped research area. Using data from 385 academic publications

Overheating has become a significant global concern, driven by climate change and more frequent extreme heatwaves. This study examines how various factors, including building orientation, window area, and shading devices, influence overheating hours in two university buildings in Balikesir, Turkey. The operative temperature values for these buildings, which face different orientations, were derived

Carbonation is unavoidable during the service of concrete, especially for recycled sand concrete (RSC). This paper presents a systematic experimental study of the various factors affecting the carbonation resistance of RSC. The carbonation test was conducted to investigate the effects of recycled sand (RS) replacement ratio (0 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, 100 %), recycled fine powder (RP) content (3 %, 7 %