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Preparation and cutting performance of (W,Ti,Ta)C/CaF2 nano-self-lubricating cermet tool material via spark plasma sintering Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-15 Mingdong Yi, Yansong Yu, Zhihui Zhang, Ting Shan, Yunchu Bao, Jingjie Zhang, Hui Chen, Zhaoqiang Chen, Guangchun Xiao, Chonghai Xu
To improve the machining surface integrity of HT250 gray cast iron, (W,Ti,Ta)C based nano-self-lubricating cermet tools containing nano CaF were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). When the content of nano CaF was 5 vol%, the flexural strength, hardness, and fracture toughness of (W,Ti,Ta)C/CaF nano-self-lubricating cermet tool were 1134 ± 39 MPa, 18.97 ± 0.22 GPa and 8.52 ± 0.33 MPa·m
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Decarburization control and performance enhancement: Optimizing HVOF sprayed submicron WC-12Co coating with additives Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Jian Yao, Feng Liu, Liming Tan, Lan Huang, Yong Liu
This study explored enhancing WC-12Co coatings' performance and preventing decarburization by adding Cr, CrC, and VC. Coatings were prepared using HVOF technology, and their microstructure, mechanical properties, wear behavior, and corrosion resistance were analyzed. Results indicated that VC and CrC add-ins effectively prevented decarburization, with T2 coatings (WC-12Co-2VC-2CrC) showing lower porosity
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Parameter optimization of ultrafine molybdenum powder during hydrogen reduction of MoO2 based on central composite design method Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Xiao Liu, Lu Wang, Zheng-Liang Xue
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Cermet microstructure and mechanical properties: Influence of metallic additives (Mo, Si, Ti, V) in WC-5wt%co composites fabricated via spark plasma sintering Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-10 Ehsan Ghasali, Saleem Raza, Andrii Babenko, Masoud Alizadeh, Touradj Ebadzadeh, Li Jie, Yasin Orooji
This study examined the impact of metallic additives (Mo, Si, Ti, and V) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-5wt%Co cermets prepared via spark plasma sintering. Four different batches of WC-5 wt% Co each supplemented with 5 wt% metallic additive powders were mixed through a high-energy mixing/short-time process to obtain a uniform distribution of the binder phase and each of the additives
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Enhancing surface properties of electric discharge coating using a Ti6Al4V powder 3DPE method on tungsten substrate Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-09 Jung-Chou Hung, Siddanna Awarasang
This research evaluates the use of novel 3D-printed titanium alloy electrodes (3DPEs) as electrical discharge coating (EDC) on tungsten surfaces. Characterization through experimental analyses revealed that 3DPEs provide significant improvements in coating thickness and titanium content when compared to conventional EDC techniques. At suitable parameters, the 3DPE coatings achieved a thickness of 119
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Study of difference in reaction and properties of molybdenum powders along hydrogen flow in hydrogen reduction of molybdenum oxides process Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Jun Fei, Tianchen Li, Ruifang Wang, Xiangnan Sheng, Yuzhuo Wei, Shiming Zhang, Yusi Che, Jilin He
This study investigated the effect of water vapor partial pressure variations along the hydrogen flow direction on the phase transformation of molybdenum oxide (MoO) and the properties of resulting molybdenum (Mo) powder. The results indicated that the reduction process of MoO → MoO → Mo exhibited variations in particle size, oxygen content, and morphology along the hydrogen flow directions. In both
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The electrochemical and tribological behavior of carbide and carbonitride films in bio-simulated fluid Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-07 Aysenur Keles Dayauc
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Experimental study on damage mechanism and surface quality optimization of WC-Co by in-situ laser-assisted turning Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Deshi Kong, Guangfeng Shi, Siwei Meng, Ziwei Jiang, Chunyang Zou
Tungsten carbide (WC-Co) is a material that is frequently employed in the field of optical mold forming. However, the high hardness of WC-Co presents a challenge in machining. In-situ laser-assisted machining (in-situ LAM) has been demonstrated to yield superior outcomes in the machining of WC-Co. In this study, the effect of temperature increase on the removal mode of brittle-plastic transition of
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Understanding the wettability and solubility properties of TiCx-steel systems Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Wen Gao, Yang Zhou, Songze Wu, Wenqing Wei, Chunpeng Zhang
Dense non-stoichiometric TiC ceramics (TiC, TiC, TiC and TiC) had been fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at elevated temperature and pressure. High temperature contact angle tests were performed on TiC-45 steel/brake disc (BD) materials using a sessile drop technique. The influence of temperature, ceramic and steel composition on wetting behavior was examined, and the interfacial reactions
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Evaluation of the microstructure and friction properties of coated cemented carbide with CoCrMoW high entropy alloy binder Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Qianbing You, Yongyan Wang, Xudong Liu, Chen Tang, Lingfeng Huang, Dongfang Ou
In the paper, the effect of CoCrMoW high entropy alloy (HEA) binder in cemented carbide on the microstructure and wear-resistant and oxidation-resistant properties of the coating is investigated to provide reference for the exploration and development of new wear resistance and oxidation-resistant materials. The results indicate that the coated WC-HEA has a dense coating structure and possesses excellent
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Designing cobalt-free face-centered cubic high-entropy alloys: A strategy using d-orbital energy level Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Yulin Li, Artur Olejarz, Łukasz Kurpaska, Eryang Lu, Mikko J. Alava, Hyoung Seop Kim, Wenyi Huo
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials for high-temperature structural applications such as nuclear reactors due to their outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability. Instead of the trial-and-error method, it is efficient to design and prepare single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structured HEAs using semi-empirical phase formation rules. However, almost all of phase formation
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Synergistic effect of Zr and Ti on microstructure and properties for Nb[sbnd]Si based in-situ composites Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Qi Wang, Xiaowei Wang, Ruirun Chen, Xu Wang, Yanqing Su, Hengzhi Fu
To reduce the adverse effects of highly active titanium elements in NbSi alloy, a series of high content of Zr and Zr for Ti substitution in NbSi based alloys are studied. The results show that the addition of Zr changes the solidification path from hypoeutectic to eutectic. The fracture toughness significantly enhances in 24Ti-Zr ( = 0, 4, 8, 16) alloys, owing to the increase of Nbss phases and microstructure
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Mechanical properties of high-entropy carbides prepared by high-pressure sintering: Role of carbon stoichiometry Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Bin Du, Haowei Deng, Linwei Guo, Mengdong Ma, Yihui Yang, Tao Zhang
The scarcity of carbon in high-entropy carbides is widely recognized to significantly affect their fabrication and performance. However, achieving both high hardness and plasticity in these carbides remains a formidable challenge. This study investigates the impact of carbon vacancies on the phase structure and mechanical properties of high-entropy carbides, particularly (HfZrNbTa)C (x = 1, 0.8, 0
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Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of hot-dip Al and Al[sbnd]Si coatings on Mo substrate at 600 °C in static air Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Tao Fu, Zhichen Han, Yingyi Zhang, Shuren Zhan, Luyu Chen, Junjie Zhu
The hot-dip Al and AlSi coatings are synthesized on Mo substrate at different temperatures. The microstructure and low-temperature oxidation behavior both of the coatings are investigated. The results indicate that hot-dip Al coating is mainly made up of an AlMo outer layer and an AlMo interface layer, while the hot-dip AlSi coating is consists of a Mo(Si, Al) inner layer and AlSi alloy outer layer
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Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2-7.5 wt.% WC-based cermets sintered at different temperatures Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Ning Wu, Fengdan Xue, Meng Fan, Meiyao Liu, Kuangxin Luo, Fenghua Luo
The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB–7.5 wt% WC-based cermets sintered at different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that eutectic liquid phase appeared at around 1335 °C, indicating that solid-phase sintering occurred below that temperature, while liquid-phase sintering occurred above that temperature. TiB, WCoB, WB and CoNi phases were detected in the
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A comparative study on the oxidation behaviour of NbC-Ni, WC-Co, and high entropy carbide-Ni based cermets Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Zahid Anwer, C. Liu, B.L. Liu, R.M. Genga, Jef Vleugels, Shuigen Huang
The oxidation behaviour of NbC-13.5(wt%)Ni, NbC-5.7MoC-13.3Ni and WC-12Co was compared to that of equimolar quinary (TiVNbTaW)C-10Ni and non-equimolar senary (TiVNbTaMoW)C-10Ni high entropy carbide (HEC)-Ni cermets. Isothermal oxidation experiments were performed at 700 °C, whereas non-isothermal calorimetric experiments were conducted to determine the onset temperature of oxidation. HEC-based cermets
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Balling behavior and diamond graphitization of metal-matrix diamond composites by selective laser melting: A quantitative investigation Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Yingbo Peng, Yong Wang, Jiawei Ding, Yasong Shi, Taitong Jin, Wei Zhang
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an effective and potential technology to prepare metal-matrix diamond composites (MDC). In this study, balling phenomenon and graphitization of diamond of CuSn10-diamond composites by SLM were investigated. By univariate analysis of laser power and scanning speed on the morphology of single track, the balling phenomenon is directly affected by the flowability and wettability
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The phase and morphology evolution of Y-Zr-O complex oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Mo powders during mechanical alloying and annealing Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-03 Liying Yao, Yimin Gao, Peng Xiao, Rui Li, Jiachen Zhang, Juan Wang, Caixia Wang, Guojun Zhang
Nanostructural Y-Zr-O complex oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Mo alloys are designed for accident-tolerant fuel cladding. The phase and morphology evolution of ODS Mo powders during mechanical alloying (MA) and annealing were studied. The dissolution and reprecipitation mechanisms were revealed by quantitative calculation of dissolved Y and Zr amounts, thermodynamics and dynamics analysis, and
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Environment-friendly process to net-shape tungsten carbide-cobalt components of precise and complex geometry Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Poly Rose, Jeevan Kumar Pallagani, Seshu Bai Vummethala, Rajasekharan Thankappan Pillai
Complex shapes of tungsten carbide with 10 wt% cobalt content were fabricated using a water-based gelcasting process combined with rapid prototyping (RPGC process). A free-flowing slurry of the powder is allowed to solidify inside the moulds printed from the fused filament fabrication technique. Two types of gelling systems, one based on acrylamide and another non-toxic, called Isobam, were used for
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A novel plasma-facing NdB6 particulate reinforced W1Ni matrix composite: Powder metallurgical fabrication, microstructural and mechanical characterization Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Burçak Boztemur, Ammar Alkraidi, Yue Xu, Laima Luo, M. Lütfi Öveçoğlu, Duygu Ağaoğulları
Tungsten (W) is one of best candidate metal for plasma-facing materials (PFM), especially due to its high melting temperature and neutron absorption capability. However, converting W into bulk PFM is hard because of its high melting point. This problem can be solved by adding metallic sintering aids with low melting points. In this study, W matrix with 1 wt% Ni aid was reinforced by adding NdB particles
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Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of WC-Fe-Ni-Co-Cr cemented carbides Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Tomás Soria-Biurrun, Soumya Sridar, Karin Frisk, Wei Xiong, José M. Sánchez-Moreno
This work investigates the effect of Cr addition into the FeCoNi binder phase of the cemented carbides (WC-FeCoNi) using experimental and computational techniques. Liquid phase formation temperatures and C contents of WC-Fe-Ni-Co-Cr alloys were used as experimental results. Based on this, a thermodynamic modelling was conducted on the W-C-Fe-Ni-Co-Cr system using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)
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Synergistical improvement in toughness and strength of multi-doped W-Hf-Y2O3 alloy via formation of complex oxide particles Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Maolin Sun, Man Wang, Xiaoli Xi, Zuoren Nie
As the primary candidate material for plasma facing components (PFCs) in fusion reactor, the serious brittleness of tungsten has become an urgent issue to be solved. In this work, a multi-doped W-Hf-YO alloy was prepared by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering, aiming at improving its toughness through formation of complex oxide particles. Complex YHfO with pyrochlore structure were
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of cellular (Ti,M)(C,N)-based cermets fabricated by pre-granulation and subsequent vacuum sintering Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Zhiyi Jiang, Yong Zheng, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Bo Li, Min Yang, Hao Wu
Cellular (Ti,M)(C,N)-based cermets were fabricated through pre-granulation followed by vacuum sintering. In this study, (Ti,Mo)(C,N) and (Ti,W,Ta)(C,N) solid solutions were utilized as hard phase components in agglomerates. The effects of the (Ti,M)(C,N) powders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cellular cermets were studied. Cermet A, incorporating (Ti,Mo)(C,N) in the agglomerates
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The effect of diamond grain size on the formability and mechanical property of 3D-printed diamond tool Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Chenchen Tian, Ying Tang, Yujin Zou, Yi Wan, Xuekun Li
Because of the flexibility of structure design and material design, 3D-printed metal-bonded diamond tool is expected to be the next generation of diamond tools. In this paper, the selective laser melting process is utilized to fabricate the metal-bonded diamond tool based on the mixed powders consisted of AlSi10Mg powder and diamond powder. Relative density, material characterization and mechanical
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High temperature oxidation behavior of Mo-Zr alloys in pure oxygen condition Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-25 Shuwen Jiang, Xuezhen Che, Junkun Huang, Dandan Huang
In the current study, alloys of Mo-95Zr, Mo-80Zr, Mo-50Zr, Mo-35Zr, Mo-20Zr and Mo-3Zr (at. %) were prepared to investigate the microstructure and oxidation behaviors of the whole composition range of Mo-Zr as-cast alloys. Laves, (Zr) and/or (Mo) intermetallic phases were presented in the primary dendrite, eutectic or peritectic structures in the prepared alloys. The isothermal oxidation process was
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Effect of post-annealing on the thermal stability and residual stresses in CVD (Al,Ti)N coatings investigated by in situ synchrotron diffraction Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Kristine Bakken, Olof Bäcke, Samik Roy Moulik, Andreas Stark, Thorsten Manns, Dirk Stiens, Mats Halvarsson, Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander
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Aspects of room temperature compression tests for WC/Co Hardmetals Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 B. Roebuck, K.P. Mingard, M.G. Gee
Hard materials, particularly tooling compositions based on WC/Co structures, are predominantly designed for applications that take advantage of their extremely good properties in compression. There is a standard test method for obtaining compression properties (strength and ductility), ISO 4506:1979, but it is rather expensive to use, needing high capacity testing machines and, in some cases, quite
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Numerical simulation and properties analysis of Ta10W alloy joints prepared by electron beam welding Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Haiqing Xia, Yi Xu, Yingjie Yu, Xingyun Duan, Shuai Zhu, Yaping Lei, Ao Wang, Pengfei Shi, Meibing Feng, Fang Zhu, Tengfei Nie, Jiancheng Tang
Vacuum electron beam welding has the characteristics of concentrated energy, controllable heat input, almost no pollution, and a small heat-affected zone. In this study, the Ta10W alloy was successfully connected by electron beam welding (EBW), and numerical simulations were employed to examine the distribution of temperature and stress fields throughout the welding process. Additionally, the influence
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On the wear mechanisms of uncoated and coated carbide tools in milling titanium alloys Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Rebecka Lindvall, Juan Manuel Bello Bermejo, Axel Bjerke, Jon M. Andersson, Elias Vikenadler, Rachid M'Saoubi, Volodymyr Bushlya
Titanium alloys are known for being difficult to machine. Within the groups of Ti alloys, the machinability is reduced when going from the α-alloys, to α + β, and finally to near-β or β-alloys. Uncoated cemented carbide is traditionally used for machining these alloys and finding a suitable coating to improve the performance is a challenge due to the high strength of Ti alloys and the high chemical
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HPHT sintering and performance investigation of PDC with high stacking density by dual particle size diamond formulations Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Jianbo Tu, Xueqi Wang, Baochang Liu
The particle size and particle size ratio of the raw diamond powder have a great influence on the stacking density, which is critical to the performance of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC). In this study, diamond powders with five different particle size of 1 μm, 4 μm, 12 μm, 20 μm and 27 μm were selected. High stacking density diamond powder formulations with three filler particle ratios of 10 wt%
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Microstructural stability of cemented carbides at high temperatures: Modeling the effect on the hot hardness Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 V. Lamelas, M. Bonvalet Rolland, M. Walbrühl, A. Borgenstam
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Microstructure and thermal property of W/Cu multilayer composites Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Y. Chen, C. Chen, Q.Q. Shi, J. Wang, S. Wang, Y.R. Mao, L.M. Luo, Y.C. Wu
In this study, a series of W/Cu multilayer composites were prepared by W and Cu foils bonded at temperatures ranging from 700 to 900 °C through field assisted sintering technique. The microstructure, bending property, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the W/Cu multilayer composites were investigated. The microstructure in the W layer is similar and the grains grow larger in the Cu layer
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Effects of sintering method and Al2O3 content on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-10Co cemented carbide Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Xiao-Chun Deng, Guo-Hua Zhang
Ultra-high toughness and ultra-high hardness WC-10Co-AlO cemented carbides were successfully prepared by vacuum liquid phase sintering (VS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) using ultrafine WC and commercial Co powders as raw materials, respectively. The effects of nano-AlO content and sintering process on the relative density, average grain size, microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-10Co
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Processing of fully dense and high conductivity W[sbnd]20Cu composite via copper melt infiltration into a pressed tungsten wire skeleton Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 H. Safahi, M. Baniassadi, G. Faraji
The current study proposed melt infiltration into entangled pressed wire as a proper method for rapid and energy-efficient production of tungsten‑copper composites. The process includes wire packing through different strategies, pressing, and infiltration steps. First, a predesigned wire structure through different strategies of simple, spiral, cylindrical, and spherical is packed and pressed to form
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Investigation of crucial geometric parameters and service life cycle of CBN grains on an in-service honing stone Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Shiqi Fang, Y.B. Guo
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) composites frequently serve as tool materials in abrasive machining for surface finishing. The geometric features of individual CBN grains are crucial for both machining stability and the resulting surface quality of workpieces. While the grains, whether embedded in the matrix or exposed on the working surfaces, showcase seemingly ‘random’ geometric characteristics, they can
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Tuning microstructure for superb mechanical properties in a Ti(C,N)-(WMoTaNbTi)C-Ni/Co cermets via change sintering temperature Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Xianrui Zhao, Xunbai Du, Zhanjiang Li, Dunwen Zuo, Yangyang Zhao, Qiangyong Zhang, Wenzhuang Lu, Feng Xu
Recently, there has been a lot of research focused on high-entropy ceramics (HECs), which are rarely reported as an additional phase of cermets. In this study, HECs nanopowders were prepared by mechanical alloying and used as an additive phase to successfully prepare cermet materials by SPS technology. The microstructure and mechanical properties of cermets were studied by XRD, BSE, TEM, microhardness
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The influence of homogenization on the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of ERNiCrMo-3 alloy Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Zhiren Sun, Tian Tian, Sen Yang, Zekun Wang, Yan Yang, Xuanwei Wang, Yu Hou, Kaikun Wang
The study investigated the microstructural characteristics, Laves phase dissolution kinetics, and the homogenization kinetics of Ti, Nb, Mo elements, as well as the hot deformation behavior of ERNiCrMo-3 alloy under different homogenization degrees. The results showed that the precipitated phases in the as-cast ERNiCrMo-3 alloy primarily included carbonitrides (Nb,Ti)CN, phase, and Laves phase. Cr
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Evaluation of cobalt removal from polycrystalline diamond compact in the coupling mechanism of acid leaching and electrolysis Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Ruyi Gou, Tao Liang, Liqiang Zhao, Xun Luo, Jingjing Chen, Jiawang Zhao, Jie Gong
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) is a widely used superhard material, and its thermal stability and wear resistance are the main factors determining its performance. The residual cobalt binder content in polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has a significant impact on the thermal stability and wear resistance of PDC. Therefore, cobalt removal treatment is required to improve the performance of PDC. The
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Microstructural evolution, grain growth kinetic, and mechanical properties of nano‑molybdenum powder by spark plasma sintering for nuclear thermal propulsion Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Lihua Guo, Linyuan Lu, Guoqiang Wang, Feng Zhang, Jun Lin, Junxiang Yang
Molybdenum (Mo) based ceramic-metallic (cermet) fuel element is a promising fuel form used in nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) because of its excellent advantages compared with the tungsten (W) based fuel. Mo, as a matrix material, plays a crucial role in containing the radioactive fission products released from the kernel and hindering the inward diffusion of hydrogen (H), thus reducing fuel loss
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Simultaneous improving high temperature oxidation resistance and room temperature toughness of Nb[sbnd]Si based alloy via appropriate Ta content addition strategy Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Jingyue Yu, Dezhi Chen, Fangdong Xu, Shu Wang, Xiangyin Cui, Wotai Gong, Ruirun Chen
NbSi based alloys are expected to become the application materials for high pressure turbine blades of aircraft engines. This paper investigates the impact of Ta addition on room temperature fracture toughness and isothermal oxidation behavior at 1250 °C of four NbSi based alloys with compositions of Nb-16Si-20Ti-8Zr-4Hf-1.5Al-Ta ( = 0, 1, 2, and 4 at.%) fabricated through vacuum non-consumable arc-melting
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Multiscale oxide dispersion strengthened refractory high entropy alloys with superior mechanical properties Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Tao Liao, Yuankui Cao, Qianli Huang, Ao Fu, Jia Li, Qihong Fang, Jingwen Qiu, Bin Liu, Yong Liu
Refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) is one of the most promising materials for high-temperature applications. However, their application is inhibited by insufficient strength at elevated temperatures and brittleness at ambient temperatures. Herein, we proposed a multiscale oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) NbTaTiV RHEA with an excellent combination of strength and plasticity at both room and elevated
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Thermal conductivity loss in WC-Co hard metal due to high-temperature cyclic loading damage as a function of microstructure and temperature Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 T. Klünsner, L. Mitterhuber-Gressl, K. Maier, F. Beckstein, C. Czettl
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Synthesis of chromium carbide powder by vacuum-free electric arc plasma method Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 P.V. Povalyaev, A.Y. Pak, E.V. Frantsina, Y.Y. Petrova, V.V. Egorova
Chromium carbide powders were synthesized by vacuum-free electric arc method using pure chromium and carbon powder as starting components. The powders obtained in the experimental series were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser diffraction and differential thermal analysis. In the experiments, electrical parameters
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The effect of pressure and temperature on the properties of 88 W-10Ni-2Mn tungsten heavy alloy produced by cold press method Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Mahdi Rajaei, Mahdi Raoufi, Hossein Mostaan, Zeinab Malekshahi Beiranvand, Abbas Naeimi
This research explored the impact of pressure and temperature to determine the optimal conditions for producing an 88 W-10Ni-2Mn tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) suitable for industrial purposes. To achieve this objective, tungsten, nickel, and manganese powders with predetermined ratios underwent wet milling in a two-step process. Subsequently, the powder mixture underwent compression at two pressures,
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Influence of the high temperature impact resistance of cutting tool coatings on their cutting performance Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Liangliang Lin, Tianxiang Wang, Jiedong Deng, Feng Jiang, Lingli Zou, Rong Tu, Song Zhang
Metal cutting is a highly dynamic process, where the loading condition of tool coating is very complex. Excellent static mechanical properties of tool coatings are not enough to meet the dynamic cutting environment, including impact load, cyclic load and so on. The high-frequency and high-temperature cycle impact test device based on ultrasonic vibration was developed in this study. The device performed
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Single-crystallinity of large-sized tungsten ingots obtained by plasma-induction additive technology Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 V. Shapovalov, J. Khokhlova, V. Yakusha, Yu. Nikitenko, M. Khokhlov, O. Berdnikova
Obtaining large ingots of refractory metals with a single-crystal structure is still a difficult technical task. Large-sized tungsten ingots up to 15 cm cross-section can be obtained at rates of 17…70 mm/min using the technology of additive plasma-induction layer-by-layer growth. The most single-crystalline repeated structure of the tungsten ingot was obtained at 26 mm/min. Some deterioration in the
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Low-oxygen, uniform, and dense Mo10Nb alloys obtained by combining in situ deoxygenation and mechanical alloying Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Xinyuan Zhang, Fujie Ren, Chengduo Wang, Qingkui Li, Benshuang Sun, Jilin He
A high oxygen content, poor uniformity and low density are difficult issues for Mo10Nb alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. In this study, Mo10Nb sintered billets are fabricated by nanocarbon addition and mechanical alloying. The results show that nanocarbon can remarkably reduce the O content of the Mo10Nb sintered billets with a slight increase in the C content. Low-oxygen, uniform, and dense Mo10Nb
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Influence of drilling technology on wear evolution of impregnated diamond bits Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Zhiming Wang, Wucheng Sun, Jifeng Kang, Yakun Tao, Songcheng Tan, Longchen Duan
Diamond exposed on the surface of an impregnated diamond bit (IDB) is the key to breaking rock. The exposure conditions of the diamond affect the drilling efficiency and life of the bit. However, scant attention has been directed towards investigating the diamond exposure mechanism of IDBs, particularly under varying drilling process conditions. In this study, drilling experiments were conducted on
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Enhancing mechanical properties and density of WC-Co with pressureless sintering via shell structure binder jetting additive manufacturing Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Tian Zhang, Yuanqiang Tan, Chao Liu
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Microstructure and texture evolution in cold-rolled W during annealing Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Wenbin Liu, Wen Zhang, Jianfeng Li, Hailong Xu, Hui Liu, Mingxing Xia, Yanchao Li
The tungsten(W) was prepared by cold isostatic pressing and sintering, and its characteristics were further enhanced by cold rolling in this paper. The microstructure and textural evolution of cold-rolled and annealed W were primarily studied, and the slip system and dislocations were also deeply researched. The study reveals that grain boundaries in cold-rolled W and samples annealed at 1200 K have
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Tribological behavior of medium entropy boride (Ta,Zr,Ti)B2 densified at a relatively low temperature of 1600 °C Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Zilong Huo, Xinyue Hu, Jiao Chen, Daheng Wu, Cheng-Feng Du, Long Wang, Jun Yang
Medium and High entropy borides with high hardness and corrosion resistance are promising wear resistant materials. High temperature (>2000 °C) is always necessary for the densification of medium and high entropy borides. Using a mixture of 10 vol% metallic cobalt and 20 vol% SiC as additives, medium entropy (Ti,Zr,Ta)B ceramics were prepared at a relatively low temperature of 1600 °C by SPS. The reduced
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Microwave sintering of WC-HEA cemented carbide: Sintering process, microstructure and mechanical properties Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Weiyou Chen, Zengbin Yin, Juntang Yuan
Microwave sintering is an efficient and green material preparation technology. Ultrafine crystalline WC-CoCrFeNiCu cemented carbide were fabricated by microwave sintering using mechanically alloyed high-entropy alloy (HEA) as a binder. The effects of the microwave sintering process (sintering temperature, holding time) on grain distribution, microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-HEA cemented
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Temperature dependence of the friction and wear behavior of pure tungsten Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-06 C.S. Ding, X.F. Xie, Z.M. Xie, R. Liu, X.B. Wu, Q.F. Fang, C.S. Liu, X.P. Wang
In this work, the friction and wear characteristics of rolled pure tungsten were investigated by using atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization techniques. A ductile to brittle transition (DBT) related frictional wear behaviors have been discovered. The results indicated that the coefficient of
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Constructing coherent/semi-coherent phase boundaries to enhance toughness of superhard cBN-B composite Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-03 Bo Zhao, Cun You, Shengya Zhang, Zeben Liu, Guiqian Sun, Zhuang Li, Xinglin Wang, Zhihui Li, Qiang Zhou, Yanli Chen, Qiang Tao, Pinwen Zhu
Harsh synthesized pressure is required in constructing of excellent grain boundary (GB) connection for nano-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (nPcBN) to yield high hardness and toughness. Therefore, it is urgent to fabricate robust nPcBN composite under relatively mild pressure by developing the hard nonmetal binders to form coherent/semi-coherent phase boundary (cPB, scPB) with cBN. Here, the slight
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten matrix composites synergistically reinforced with TiC-ZrC particles prepared by spark plasma sintering Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-03 Yanni Wei, Shuyuan Zhang, Yu Chen, Yaru Li, Quanning Li, Linghao Zhu, Mengfan Ma
In this paper, W-TiC-ZrC composites with extremely high strength were prepared by high-energy ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure morphology and structural evolution of the composites were thoroughly analyzed by SEM, EDS, EBSD, XRD, XPS and TEM, and the mechanical properties of the composites were accurately evaluated by microhardness tests and compression tests at room
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Effect of titanium silicide content on the reinforcement of poly-crystalline cubic boron nitride composites sintered via the HPHT method Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Kai Li, Jun Zhang, Peicheng Mo, Jiarong Chen, Xiaoyi Pan, Chao Chen
In this paper, PcBN composites with high strength and high thermal stability were prepared by high temperature and high pressure sintering at 5.5 GPa and 1450 °C using Al-TiSi as binder. The effects of TiSi content on the phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of PcBN composites were investigated. The results indicate that the density of the composites increases
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Effects of TaB2 addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb[sbnd]Si based alloys Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Jing Liang, Cong Wang, Xiuyuan Yin, Mengyue Wang, Zhina Xie, Shipeng Jin, Suiyuan Chen, Changsheng Liu
The effects of TaB addition on the Nb-16Si-22Ti-3Al alloy were investigated in this study. The results showed that the Nb-16Si-22Ti-3Al alloy consisted of the Nbss phase, α-NbSi phase, NbSi phase, and Tiss phase. With the addition of TaB increased from 0 to 0.25 at. %, the NbSi disappeared and the eutectic transformation reaction occurred (NbSi → Nbss + α-NbSi), which made the volume fraction of the
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The structural, dynamical, mechanical and thermal properties of layered TiB4RM (RM = Cr, Mo, W) cemented carbides Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Guoliang Yu, Taimin Cheng, Xinxin Zhang
The TiB( = Cr, Mo, W) tetraborides are promising hard materials, however, other physical properties of these tetraborides are currently unknown. Here, the structural, electronic, dynamical, mechanical and thermal properties of the TiB are thoroughly investigated from the first-principles calculations. These compounds are thermodynamically, mechanically, and dynamically stable, and the sequence of stability
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Effect of grain size and cobalt content on machining performance during milling tungsten carbide with PCD tool Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Feng Kong, Wei Zhao, Hao Li, Ning He
Tungsten carbide has been extensively utilized in the manufacturing field due to its exceptional properties. However, traditional methods such as grinding or electric discharge machining often result in a low material removal rate and inevitable surface defects, making tungsten carbide one of the most challenging materials to machine. Milling has emerged as a promising alternative for machining tungsten
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Composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of PcBN composites with Al- Zr binder Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-29 Peicheng Mo, Jiarong Chen, Kai Li, Jun Zhang, Xiaoyi Pan, Chao Chen
The cBN, Zr, and Al powders were mixed to synthesize PcBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) tool material under high-temperature, ultra-high-pressure conditions. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the phase composition and microstructure of the tool material. The mechanical properties and microstructural trends of the tool material at various temperatures were