In silty (fine) sand aquifer, water-soil gushing (WSG) of shield tunnel may occur, causing structural damage and even collapse. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind ground displacement and tunnel deformation during WSG in stratified soil was required for guiding disaster-relief in practice. In this article, the responses of ground and shield tunnel to WSG in stratified soil were investigated using a material-point method (MPM). First, a typical case of WSG in stratified soil was studied. By comparing the results with those of WSG in a homogeneous sand, both the ground and tunnel responses to WSG in a stratified soil were clarified. It was found that in stratified soil, the tunnel lining may deform first and then became stable, while in homogeneous sand, the tunnel deformation was shown to continuously develop with time due to unremitting soil loss. Then, the effects of the WSG locations, the sand layer position to tunnel, the layers number and permeability of clay and the discharge rate on WSG were further analyzed.

中文翻译：

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模拟地面和隧道对分层土壤中水土涌出的响应


在粉质（细）砂含水层中，盾构隧道可能会发生水土涌出 （WSG），导致结构损坏甚至坍塌。需要全面了解分层土中 WSG 过程中地表位移和隧道变形背后的机制，以指导实践中的救灾。本文采用质点法 （MPM） 研究了地层和盾构隧道对分层土中 WSG 的响应。首先，研究了分层土壤中 WSG 的典型案例。通过将结果与 WSG 在均质砂中的结果进行比较，阐明了地层和隧道在分层土壤中对 WSG 的响应。研究发现，在分层土中，隧道衬砌可能先变形后变得稳定，而在均状砂土中，由于持续的土壤流失，隧道变形随时间不断发展。然后，进一步分析了 WSG 位置、砂层位置到隧道、粘土的层数和渗透率以及排量对 WSG 的影响。