This article aimed to study the characteristics of chaotic advection and mass transfer of viscous liquid–liquid flows in a novel 3D serpentine microchannel (TSM) with hybrid structures. The TSM and its corresponding experimental setup are established, and the CFD model is verified through flow field visualization experiments. Results reveal that efficient chaotic convection in TSM is achieved through

Noble metal-catalyzed reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using molecular hydrogen is a promising green route for amine synthesis, but a challenge remains to boost the atomic efficiency of noble metal species. Herein, MFI zeolite encapsulated Pt species with tunable Si/Al ratios were synthesized to allow the formation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with almost the same loading amount, particle size

Furfural (FFR) is one of the most important biomass derivatives, usually obtained by initial hydrolysis of xylose oligomers derived from hemicellulose to xylose and then acid catalyzed dehydration. The FFR liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction conditions are mild, which is conducive to connecting with upstream chemicals. The solvent systems play a crucial role in the selectivity of target products and

This work systematically investigated the crystallization process of NiAl‐layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH) with a Ni(II)/Al(III) ratio of 3 under different crystallization conditions. The results showed that the prepared NiAl‐LDH first exhibits sheet‐like morphology, which transforms into a hexagonal platelet with further growth. The lateral size and thickness of the prepared NiAl‐LDH are ~10–284

Traditional nanofiltration membranes often struggle to maintain stability in harsh environments due to issues like swelling, chemical bond dissociation, and polymer chain creep. Fluoropolymers like poly(ethylene‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) are promising substrate candidates for broad‐spectrum corrosion‐resistant nanofiltration (CRNF) membranes, but their solvent insolubility and hydrophobicity

Ion exchange resins were studied on different length scales by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the focus on their interactions with nanoparticles (NP) and molecular clusters. On the length scale of resin beds (bed diameters <20 mm), the behavior of NP and of molecular clusters was shown to depend on the kind of ion exchange resin and nanoscale moiety. The kinetics of absorption and penetration

The understanding of thermocapillary convection is important in both fundamental and industrial aspects. However, efficient tools that can provide dynamic details of the convective flows are still lacking. Here, we discovered a unique phenomenon of photoinduced fluorogenic shift of HDPI derivatives in chloroform and utilized this trait to map the temperature field and capillary flow on the surface

For protein imprinting, template molecule anchoring and imprinting site recognition are very important processes. Herein, we have proposed for the first time to use photo‐switchable host–guest interactions between α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD)‐modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) and azobenzene coated organic covalent framework (COF) to immobilize and elute proteins. A novel surface labeled polymer microspheres

Solvent extraction of lithium by β‐diketones from alkaline brine has been known to be an efficient process. However, its relatively high working pH, consequently the high alkaline consumption and substantial dissolution loss in raffinate, limit its industrial application. Herein, a novel lithium extractant, i.e., 2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitro‐4‐n‐octoxy‐benzophenone (referred to as N531), was proposed, which can

Aqueous amine solution is a promising absorbent for CO2 capture, yet irreversible reaction, that is, degradation can happen for amine and leads to performance decrease and many operating difficulties. Despite numerous research on reaction between amine and CO2 for absorption, the reaction of amine degradation is not fully understood, especially for tertiary amine which is a vital component in constructing

This perspectives article outlines and discusses the future of supply chains. The existing challenges and flaws in supply chains design and management are described, motivating the need for the next‐generation supply chains. We present a holistic paradigm for viewing and analyzing supply chains as networks of networks with various dimensions, hierarchies, and players with their various forms of decision‐making

In the context of achieving continuous synthesis of acyl peroxides using microreactors, continuous preparation of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) solution is required. However, two key issues, Na2O2 precipitation and H2O2 decomposition, need to be considered or addressed. For the precipitation of Na2O2 during NaOH and H2O2 mixing, experiments revealed that precipitation could be avoided by appropriate

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Exploring efficient Pt‐based catalysts for the selective oxidation of polyol is still a challenge due to the lack of a mechanism‐driven approach. Here, low‐Pt content PdM3 were systematically investigated for glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid (GLYA) by density functional theory (DFT) linear synchronous transit and quadratic synchronous transit (LST/QST) assisted descriptor‐based micro‐kinetic modeling

Excavating highly efficient and cost‐effective non‐noble metal single‐atom catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is of paramount significance. However, the general and universal strategy for designing atomically dispersed metals as accessible active sites is still in its infancy. Herein, we reported a general sol–gel pore‐confined strategy for preparing a series of isolated

The synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via photocatalysis represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach with significant potential for diverse applications. This study reveals the involvement of a novel triple interplay catalytic cycle in the photocatalytic production of H₂O₂, providing crucial insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms. Utilizing modified carbon nitride (m‐CN)

Electrified methanol steam reforming (MSR) assisted by nonthermal plasma (NTP) is a pivotal enabler for clean hydrogen production at ambient conditions with several advantages. This study optimizes the NTP‐assisted MSR by catalyst engineering, as well as membrane technology (via a 2D MXene nanosheet membrane reactor). Our findings reveal that active‐phase engineering in catalyst design is crucial in

The advancement of ethane (C2H6)‐selective materials offers the potential for developing energy‐efficient adsorptive separation processes to obtain high‐purity ethylene (C2H4) directly. However, these materials still suffer challenges of low selectivity, high cost, and poor stability. Herein, we presented a commercially scalable and stable MFI topology zeolite material (TS‐1) with excellent ideal adsorption

Achieving large‐scale coupling of organic electrooxidation and the hydrogen evolution reaction, while understanding the competition between organic electrooxidation and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is a significant challenge. In this study, using Ni3N‐MoN/NF, an efficient heterojunction electrocatalyst as both anode and cathode in a 50 cm2 continuous flow reactor, we achieved a total current of

Ethyl acetate is a platform chemical conventionally obtained through fossil fuel routes, but more recently its production by fermentation from carbohydrates has been scaled up to a pilot scale. Yet, the complexity of downstream processing (low product concentrations in liquid broth and in off‐gas, azeotrope formation, and the presence of microorganisms) may complicate industrial application. This original

Data‐enabled predictive control (DeePC) is a data‐driven control algorithm that utilizes data matrices to form a non‐parametric representation of the underlying system, predicting future behaviors and generating optimal control actions. DeePC typically requires solving an online optimization problem, the complexity of which is heavily influenced by the amount of data used, potentially leading to expensive

Carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization technology is of great significance for achieving carbon neutrality, in which the catalytic materials play crucial roles, and among them, single‐atom alloys (SAAs) are of particular interests. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and machine learning are employed to assess the effectiveness of Cu‐, Ag‐, and Ni‐host SAAs as catalysts for electrochemical

Photobromination reaction of oxime ether (OE) to brominated oxime ether (BOE) is an important process for the synthesis of trifloxystrobin in the fungicide industry. Herein, continuous synthesis of BOE in photomicroreactors was performed. Initially, an investigation was carried out to study the effects of various parameters, including mixing performance, molar ratios, solvents, incident photon flux

The selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) toward 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) offers a promising green pathway to obtain monomers for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. However, developing a high‐selectivity catalyst and understanding the catalytic mechanism are still great challenge. Here, we synthesize a nRu/FeCo2O4 catalyst with Ru nanoparticles loaded on FeCo2O4. The nRu/FeCo2O4

Rutile RuO2 is recognized for its outstanding acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and notable cost advantage compared to iridium oxide for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, the unsatisfactory stability of RuO2 hinders its practical application. Here, we report a lattice modulation strategy to enhance both the OER activity and stability of RuO2. Interestingly

Given that the retention of nitrogen readily renders active site poisoning, designing versatile catalysts characterized by notable selectivity and even resistance to poisoning for alkyne semi‐hydrogenation under nitrogen‐containing conditions is considerably challenging. In this article, oxanilide‐decorated Pd/C (Pd/C‐oxa) catalyst is facilely synthesized by leveraging impregnation‐coordination, which

Achieving rapid synthesis alongside efficient shaping without sacrificing high porosity and crystallinity poses significant challenges for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in practical applications. Here, we report an ultrafast, scalable method for preparing an ultramicroporous MOF at room temperature. This method achieves a space–time yield significantly higher than conventional MOF synthesis by orders

Accurate mapping of chemical concentrations in reactor networks remains an obstacle to establish complete systems‐level insight and control. This issue extends beyond traditional reactor design to biological and other inaccessible systems of interest. Recent developments in novel materials with non‐volatile memory allow autonomous sensor nodes to record information with minimal external supervision

Utilizing N₂ from the air and water for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction shows promise for NH₃ synthesis under mild conditions. However, the chemical stability of N₂ and the thermodynamic limitations of NH₃ synthesis hinder its effectiveness. Herein, we integrated a specially designed Cu nanowire catalyst with a five‐fold twin structure (T‐CuNW) into an electrocatalytic system, combining

The influences of temperature and water−graphite interaction energy on the contact angle (θ) and structure of water on the graphite‐like substrate have been investigated using the classical density functional theory. We find that the temperature‐dependent behavior of cosθ is contingent upon the water−graphite interaction energy, manifesting in three distinct patterns: increasing, decreasing, or remaining

This study focuses on the dynamics of two equal‐sized droplets of non‐Newtonian liquids with simulations using the volume of fluid method and the local front reconstruction method. The non‐Newtonian behavior is implement via a power‐law model. The droplet interactions are performed for Weber numbers ranging from 20 to 300 and impact parameters from 0 to 0.6. Both methods produce similar results at

The Co@NC catalyst exhibits significant protic solvent preference for hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines. However, the effect of mixed protic solvents on catalytic hydrogenation has received little attention. Herein, the synergetic solvent effect has been proposed to accelerate the hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN) to hexamethylenediamine through H2O‐ethanol hydrogen bond networks on Co@NC

Hydrogen bonds (HBs) widely exist in applications ranging from biology to electrochemistry, where quantifying HB at the electrochemical interface poses significant challenges. Herein, we propose an approach to quantitatively decouple the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions of HBs in ionic liquids (ILs) by injecting electrons into the electrode interface. The charging process showed that the

This work investigates the bubble breakup process with and without particles in turbulent conditions using the image‐based method. A binocular high‐speed camera was employed to capture breakup events. A deep learning‐based image identification software (Large Deformation Dispersed Phase Analysis in Multiphase Flows) and a highly deformed bubble volume/surface area quantification method (Dense Adaptive

Upcycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into valuable products represents a promising avenue for advancing carbon neutrality and circular economy. Here, we demonstrate a modular strategy for converting waste PET into glycolic acid (GA) and 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid (2,4‐PDCA), achieving an upcycling process and 45% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. We conducted comprehensive

Flow chemistry is widely valued for its enhanced transport properties and safety, but scaling up while maintaining the advantages of the microenvironment in small‐scale systems remains challenging. We addressed this by developing a novel tube‐in‐tube millireactor with a multi‐hole jet inlet and deflectors, designed to maintain consistent flow regimes and optimize micromixing, residence time distribution

A strategy of adding solvents to adjust liquid–liquid equilibrium for intensifying liquid–liquid heterogeneous catalytic reactions is presented. A systematic framework involving computational and experimental procedures is proposed for solvent screening and exemplified by the direct hydration of cyclohexene. The solvents that are stable, nonreactive, inert to catalyst, and easily recovered are first

In this work, 44 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are screened for efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR). The isosteric heats of N2 adsorption on the 44 metal active centers of MOFs are calculated by the grand canonical Monte Carlo method. It is found that p‐block‐elements exhibit the highest N2 affinity among all screened elements, implying their excellent catalytic potentials

Producing battery‐grade Li2CO3 product from salt‐lake brine is a critical issue for meeting the growing demand of the lithium‐ion battery industry. Traditional procedures include Na2CO3 precipitation and multi‐stage crystallization for refining, resulting in significant lithium loss and undesired lithium product quality. Herein, we first proposed a bipolar membrane CO2 mineralization technique for

The collision between bubbles is essential to gas–liquid dispersion systems. When bubbles encounter each other, they may either rebound or coalesce. Yet, little is known about the rebound dynamics immediately after two bubbles collide. This work investigates such collision dynamics of two bubbles at high Reynolds numbers in water through experiment and simulation. The moving velocity, deformation,

The separation of methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) in coalbed methane (CBM) is a crucial process to produce methane as a clean energy source. Given the similar physicochemical properties of the two gases, efficient adsorptive separation of CH4 and N2 has stringent requirements on the pore chemistry and geometry of the adsorbents. In this study, we report two Zn-pyrazolates frameworks, HIAM-213 and HIAM-214

Large language models (LLMs) are often criticized for lacking true “understanding” and the ability to “reason” with their knowledge, being seen merely as autocomplete engines. I suggest that this assessment might be missing a nuanced insight. LLMs do develop a kind of empirical “understanding” that is “geometry”‐like, which is adequate for many applications. However, this “geometric” understanding

Microbubbles have been widely applied in various fields. Here, an oscillating feedback microreactor (OFM) was designed to produce microbubbles at high throughput (5–80 mL/min), where the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two‐phase system were investigated. The hydrodynamics results showed that three secondary flows (oscillation, vortex, and feedback) could be effectively generated

The direct and selective conversion of syngas into C2+ oxygenates is challenging due to the complex reaction network. Here, we report a robust relay system for the direct synthesis of methyl acetate (MA) from syngas, which combines CuZnAlOx/H‐ZSM‐5 for syngas to dimethyl ether (DME) with modified H‐MOR for DME carbonylation. The dehydration of methanol to DME on H‐ZSM‐5 significantly enhanced the hydrogenation

Supported metal catalysts have been widely applied and commonly fabricated through the H2 reduction process. Herein, we develop a H2‐free room‐temperature discharge‐driven reduction (RT‐DR) reactor for fabricating supported metal catalysts at room temperature without H2. By RT‐DR reactor, a catalyst with pseudo‐boehmite (PB) as support (CdS/Pt/PB) is fabricated. In visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic

A raw hydrogen mixture frequently results in a reduction in conversion efficiency and the generation of undesired by‐products. The application of advanced membrane technology has the potential to offer an economically viable solution for the recovery of hydrogen from such mixtures. BaZr1−x−yCexYyO3−δ is increasingly regarded as an optimal perovskite hydrogen permeable membrane. Nevertheless, the main

The development of a high‐performance electrocatalytic acetylene semi‐hydrogenation catalyst is the key to the selective removal of acetylene from industrial ethylene gas and non‐oil route to ethylene production. However, it is still hampered by the deactivation of the catalyst and hydrogen evolution interference. Here, we proposed an interface engineering strategy involving the Cu and cupric oxide

Separating water‐in‐heavy oil (W/HO) emulsions at low (room) temperature is challenging when exploiting heavy oil. We propose an adaptable strategy for constructing Si/O‐doped demulsifiers. A nonionic demulsifier (APBMP) has been synthesized based on polysiloxane modified by allyl polyether and butyl acrylate. APBMP achieves 95.97% dehydration within 5 min for W/HO emulsions at 288.15 K and complete

A combined simulated moving bed (SMB) and distillation separation scheme is developed to recover 2,3‐butanediol (BDO) from a dilute fermentation broth. The scheme was integrated into a lignocellulosic biorefinery that produces hydrocarbon fuels from corn stover with BDO as an intermediate. BDO recovery is one of the most challenging processes in this biorefinery; and given the high associated energy

Biomass gasification for syngas production is a key operating unit in the biomass utilization process. However, its overall efficiency and stability are often restricted by the presence of complex impurities, including particulate matters (PMs) and tars. In this study, a highly integrated ceramic membrane‐based reactor was developed for high‐temperature syngas cleaning, enabling the efficient in situ

Aminoxyl radicals electrocatalysis presents a sustainable method for oxidizing alcohols into high‐value products. Nonetheless, the requirement for high doses of aminoxyl radicals diminishes product purity and economic viability. This study synthesized methylimidazole‐functionalized 4‐acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl derivative (MIAcNH‐TEMPO) with a strongly electron‐withdrawing imidazole

Spacer meshes in electrodialysis (ED) play a crucial role in influencing fluid and electric field distributions during mass transfer. This study employed finite element analysis using real‐world parameters to explore how spacer mesh geometry and material affect mass transport. Comparisons among different wire mesh configurations revealed increased fluid velocity near mesh wires and reduced electric

We present a techno-economic optimization model for the design and dynamic operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, for enabling cost-effective hydrogen production. This model integrates a 0-D model of the electrolyzer stack, process-wide mass and energy balances, operational constraints, and an empirical relation to characterize degradation as a function of operating current density

Hydrogen, the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, is poised today to play a critical role in the transition toward a clean energy future. This perspective article explores the potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. First, the historical and modern hydrogen applications across various sectors are examined. Then, the article delves into the different methods

Blending hydrogen into existing natural gas pipelines is considered the most feasible choice for long‐distance, large‐scale hydrogen transportation in the early stage of hydrogen economy development. To integrate the optimization of hydrogen‐blended natural gas pipeline network and subsequent hydrogen/natural gas separation process, this article presents a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model

In this article, we propose a physics‐informed learning‐based Koopman modeling approach and present a Koopman‐based self‐tuning moving horizon estimation design for a class of nonlinear systems. Specifically, we train Koopman operators and two neural networks—the state lifting network and the noise characterization network—using both data and available physical information. The first network accounts

Packed bed microreactors offer a promising platform for intensifying heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. To understand hydrodynamics therein, N2 or water flow was investigated experimentally through microreactors packed with glass beads in this work, corresponding to a microreactor to particle diameter ratio (D/d) of 1.29–25.12. The porosity of a single pellet string microreactor (D/d < 1.866) agrees

Structured catalysts exhibit the advantages of high diffusion efficiency and low heat transfer resistance, which have attracted increasing attention to non‐adiabatic gas–solid process. However, the metal‐supported coating catalysts face the problems of weaker bond strength and severe sintering, especially under the conditions of large flow rate and high temperature. Herein, metal@Silicalite‐1 structured

Solar‐driven photocatalysis is a promising strategy for clean hydrogen (H2) generation cooperated with selective organic synthesis. Lignin, rich in aromatic units and functional groups, serves as an ideal hole sacrificial agent and substrate, facilitating H2 evolution and yielding high‐value chemicals/fuels. To boost overall photocatalytic redox efficiency, thermal catalysis was further combined to

Purifying ultra‐high purity propylene (>99.995%) with an energy‐efficient adsorptive separation method is a promising yet challenging technology that remains unfulfilled. Instead of solely considering the effect of adsorbents on guest molecules, we propose a synergistic adsorption mechanism for the deep removal of propane and propyne, utilizing supramolecular interactions in both “host‐guest” and “guest‐guest”