Bulk rock geochemistry and SWIR reflectance spectroscopy are widely used by companies for rapid and cost-effective exploration of volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits. However, few studies have integrated bulk-rock geochemistry with hyperspectral reflectance spectroscopy in greenstone belts that have undergone high-grade metamorphism. Here we present an extensive dataset combining bulk-rock

Sedimentary Fe deposits are both scientifically and economically important. As a major ore mineral of these deposits, siderite is generally assumed to have been formed via diagenetic transformation of other Fe-bearing minerals. The Devonian Daxigou sedimentary siderite deposit, Central China, contains ca. 500 Mt Fe with an average ore grade of ca. 30 wt% FeOT but is poorly known in the literature.

The role of bedding angle on the mechanic properties and failure modes of shale under cyclic loading and unloading conditions is unclear. This study conducted uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests on shales from the Longmaxi Formation with different bedding angles (θ = 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°), and characterized their damage evolution through both AE and charge signals. Results show that

The Gondpipri layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion at the western margin of the Bastar Craton in Central Indiacomprises leucogabbro, gabbronorite, and websterite. The intrusion hosts both magmatic and hydrothermal Ni-platinum group element (PGE)mineralisation. In this study, we use in-situ measured trace element composition of pyrite and magnetite and zircon U–Pb geochronology to elucidate hydrothermal

The shear strength of rock joints under dynamic normal load (DNL) conditions is quite different from that under constant normal loading (CNL) conditions. However, existing studies seldom involve the shear strength prediction of rock joints under DNL conditions. Therefore, a series of shear tests for rock joints under DNL conditions were carried out. The evolutions of the shear strength parameters,

Accurate prediction of mill load parameters is crucial to improving grinding efficiency and saving energy. Traditional prediction models have challenges such as poor interpretability, low prediction efficiency and differences in data distribution. This study innovatively proposed a multi-task prediction model that integrates physical information and domain adaptation. By constructing a physical-data-driven

In domal and bedded rock salt geothermal reservoirs, geochemical dissolution of the in-situ rock salt formation can alter fluid transport properties, thus impacting fluid flow. Coupled Hydro-mechanical–chemical (HMC) modeling is a useful tool to evaluate fluid transport through rock salt geothermal systems and to assess their economic potential. Existing continuum-based numerical simulation of fluid

Multi-sphere clumps are favored to approximate irregular particles in discrete element model (DEM) due to algorithmic simplicity and efficiency, which, however, leads to approximation errors in dynamical properties and contact forces for motion integration. The latter becomes substantial when cost-effective DEMs are pursued with an acceptable minimum number of subspheres per clump (SPC). This study

The development of flotation collectors is usually time-consuming and costly. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) is one of the most powerful methods for designing and modifying molecules. Introducing QSAR into the development of collectors can significantly compensate for the above shortcomings. The molecular structure, conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) and electrostatic

Our previous research on centrifugal high gradient magnetic separation (cHGMS) has fully confirmed its effectiveness to improve the separation selectivity of HGMS process, but they were confined in pilot-scale investigations. In this work, the first full-scale CenMag-300 cHGMS separator was used to clean a primary ilmenite concentrate, which was produced from a pulsating HGMS (PHGMS) roughing process

Effective flotation separation of fluorite and calcite is a critical challenge due to their comparable physicochemical characteristics and surface iso-transformation. The effects of sodium silicate (SS) and Al3+ on the flotation separation of homogenized fluorite and calcite were investigated based on flotation experiments and various measurements such as Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy

Epithermal precious metal deposits are uncommon within the Archean rock record, as are detailed descriptions of their associated features and modes of formation. The Vent prospect is a Neoarchean Au–Ag occurrence within the Eastern Wabigoon Subprovince of the Superior Province in Ontario. It is hosted by aphyric, and quartz ± feldspar-porphyritic aphanitic dacitic flows that show remnants of spine-like

In deep underground engineering, true triaxial compressive stress and internal microcrack characteristics significantly influence the brittle-ductile transition and anisotropic mechanical behavior of rock, thereby affecting the engineering life cycle. However, current research on the micro-macro mechanical model under true triaxial compressive stress, particularly regarding the rock's brittle-ductile

The presence of complex geometric morphology of single rough-walled rock fractures and the occurrence of nonlinear flow complicate the fracture flow process. Even though the nonlinear flow behaviour in single rock fractures has been studied for decades, existing models are still limited in adequately evaluating nonlinear flow behaviour during shearing. In this study, a series of coupled shear-flow

We present new true triaxial compression data obtained in the ductile regime on Bleurswiller sandstone. The deformed samples show a range of failure modes qualitatively similar to what was reported by earlier experimental studies performed in conventional conditions (axisymmetric compression). In particular, visual inspection and X-ray Computed Tomography imaging reveal compaction localization in all

Existing numerical models cannot well reproduce the fracturing process and reveal the underlying mechanisms of rocks under microwave irradiation. In this work, the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical multiphysics is decoupled into microwave-induced heating (continuum-based) and thermally-driven fracturing (discontinuum-based), with temperature serving as the key interlink. The rigid-body spring-subset

We provide timestamps for the major zinc-lead (Zn-Pb) Mississippi Valley-type Black Angel deposit (Greenland) based on new pyrite rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) isotope geochemistry data: (1) a Re-Os isochron age 1,884 ± 35 million years ago (Ma – 2σ, 1.8%) for subhedral pyrite cemented by sphalerite ± galena in dolomitized clean limestone, and, (2) a Re-Os model age 1,828 ± 16 Ma (2σ, 0.9%) for epigenetic

Flotation of coarse particles with poor mineral liberation, aiming at gangue rejection at early stage, has attracted great attentions. Bubble detaching probability ultimately determines the coarse particle separation efficiency. To date, the bubble detaching behavior from the surface of coarse particles with poor liberation remains unclear. In this study, three sizes of bubbles (650 μm, 900 μm and

The weak collection ability of conventional benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) impedes its widespread application in the direct flotation of copper oxide minerals. Conversely, octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) with enhanced hydrophobicity demonstrated superior collecting ability while exhibiting weak selectivity in malachite flotation. In order to achieve a balance between collecting ability and selectivity, we

A comprehensive in situ stress estimation is carried out in the fractured reservoir at the enhanced geothermal system development site in Pohang, South Korea. Various types of stress indicators were collected from the hydraulic stimulation data, drilling records, lost circulation records, well logs, seismic events, and the stress constraints from previously proposed stress models. The comprehensive

The impact of water content on the strength of sedimentary rocks is a critical area of research, particularly in the contexts of disaster prevention and the construction of underground structures. Despite numerous factors being identified as contributors to the strength variations in sedimentary rocks caused by water content, a comprehensive understanding remains elusive. Moreover, only a limited number

The direct reduction of iron (DRI) process plays a pivotal role in the ironmaking and steelmaking industry and has emerged as a promising solution for reducing CO2 emissions. This intricate process spans metallurgy and chemical engineering, encompassing multiple scales (macroscale, mesoscale, microscale, nanoscale) and various reaction systems, including catalytic gas–solid (reformer) and non-catalytic

Prestress significantly influences the mechanical properties of fractured rocks due to stress-induced anisotropy in the surrounding matrix and the stress-induced closure of cracks. Understanding the stress-dependent elastic moduli and anisotropic properties is crucial for various geoscience applications. The theory of acoustoelasticity only accounts for weak nonlinear elasticity with finite strains

In oxide mineral flotation, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) is a frequently employed collector renowned for its commendable selectivity. Nevertheless, SHA manifests an insufficient collecting efficacy in bastnaesite flotation. In response, the paper synthesized a novel collector, 5,5′-methylenedisalicylic acid (MDSA), by tethering two SHA molecules with a methylene group. In the flotation separation of

While reacting CO2 with sub-surface mafic/ultramafic phases potentially captures greenhouse gas emissions, low porosity and very slow kinetics makes this problematic. Mineral processing tailings and mining wastes offer distinct particles with exposed surfaces that enhance reactivity, and Australia’s mining sector has numerous prospective tailings streams. Passive carbonation of such tailings is known

Understanding dispersion behaviour of bubbles emitting from a sparger is a critical element of mineral flotation process. This aspect was investigated in the present study involving a bubble plume in a semi-batch rectangular column in the presence of an anionic surfactant. First, high-speed imaging was used to visualise the bubble plume behaviour at different air flow rates (0.1 – 0.5 L/min). An image

Precious metals leaching using conventional processes presents challenges due to the use of toxic, expensive, and complex leaching systems, such as cyanidation, thio-systems, and halide systems comprising both lixiviant and oxidant. The present study employed a simple leaching system of alkaline ferricyanide solution with dual functions of leaching and oxidization, to extract precious metals from waste

The flotation separation of pyrite (Py) from serpentine (Spt) was studied using xanthamonas campestris (XC) as a novel Spt depressant. The adsorption of XC onto Spt and Py was observed to decrease with increase in pH attesting to increased repulsion between the negatively charged carboxylate portion of XC and the increased negativity of the mineral surface. However, the polysaccharide adsorption onto

Talc, a prevalent gangue mineral in sulfide ores, poses a significant challenge in the flotation process due to its good floatability. The application of water glass as a standalone reagent has been found to be less effective in suppressing talc. In this study, we delve into the synergistic inhibitory mechanism of Al3+ in conjunction with water glass on talc through a series of micro-flotation tests

Flotation is the most essential method for the concentration of phosphate reserves and, hence, the production of apatite concentrate. With the reduction of high-grade reserves and the necessity of exploiting low-grade phosphate ores, many efforts have been made to use different chemical reagents alone and their combinations as collectors for apatite flotation and achieving high-quality concentrates

Exploring cracking behavior from mineral-scale do good help to understand the failure mechanism of rock materials. The present study proposes a realistic three-dimensional grain-based modeling (3D-GBM) method considering the actual distribution, geometry and mesoscopic mechanical properties of different minerals in granite samples. The geometrical characteristic and distribution were captured based

Porphyry deposits of the Cu-Mo-Au-Re metal spectrum mainly occur in arc settings, but only some segments of the same arc host significant metal resources. The factors controlling the variable metal endowment in magmatic arcs remain unclear. Here, we conducted zircon U-Pb age, trace element, and Hg isotope studies on the ore-bearing (i.e., fertile) and coeval barren granitic rocks from the Upper Triassic

Tungsten enrichment during the formation of giant W deposits is thought to be related to magmatic and hydrothermal processes. However, the mechanisms of W enrichment and their role in controlling ore formation remain unclear. Zircon is a ubiquitous accessory mineral that can provide a record of the physicochemical conditions during mineralization. Dahutang in South China is a giant W deposit (1.89

Due to the existence of bedding planes in shale oil reservoirs, the complexity of crack networks created by conventional hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology is limited, resulting in low oil production. In this paper, a fatigue loading method was proposed to increase the complexity of the cracking network. The propagation behaviors of small cracks were investigated and compared under both monotonic

Accurate assessment of mechanical behaviour of rock is essential for safe and efficient design of structures on or within rock mass particularly under harsh in-situ stress conditions. Insights from rock engineering practices have revealed that rockbursts can occur at various scales and at any time during mining activities. These violent failure phenomena can be triggered by quasi-static stress redistribution

Constructing pumped-storage power stations using underground reservoirs in mines offers a promising method for large-scale energy storage. Watertight coal pillars have the potential to destabilize under the mine-shock cyclic dynamic loading and the drying–wetting cycles (DWCs). Understanding the fatigue damage mechanism and failure precursors in watertight coal pillars under cyclic dynamic loading

The failure mechanisms of engineering rock masses primarily involve tensile and shear failure. Differentiating between the acoustic emission (AE) signals generated during the tensile and shear damage processes in rock can provide a scientific basis for the classification of acoustic signals in field rock fracture monitoring. This paper presents a study on acoustic emission monitoring during the direct

The abandoned Touissit-Bou Beker mining district has accumulated tens of millions of tons of tailings, stored without environmental safeguards. Due to the limited ore processing method, the tailings exhibit a significant zinc (2 wt%) and lead (0.3 wt%) content, mainly buried in carbonate minerals. These tailings pose environmental concerns but also offer economic opportunities. This study investigated

The effect of surface roughness on the detachment between the bubbles and the glass beads (soda-lime) was comprehensively investigated. Glass beads with dimensions of −1.20 + 1.12 mm were acid etched to achieve varying degrees of surface roughness, followed by silanation reactions conducted for different immersion times. The characterization of surface roughness was conducted using a ContourGT-K 3D

A REFLUX™ Classifier was used to classify a silica feed (0–710 µm) based on particle size. Split Fluidisation was used to generate remarkably sharp separations involving solids throughputs of up to 92 t/m2/h. This work builds on the previous study by Starrett and Galvin (2023) but with a focus on coarser separations at higher throughputs. As the separation size increased, there was increasing misplacement

A simulation model of a dry, vibrated, fluidized medium (VFM) with sinkhole arrangement was developed and used to investigate the separation of relatively dense, coarse particles. The objective of the new model was to emulate a most unusual experimental result involving the sinkhole arrangement, separation densities much higher than the bulk density of the fluidized medium. The VFM was simulated using

Due to the strong natural floatability of molybdenite and talc, conventional flotation depressants are difficult to separate these two minerals. As a common depressant, starch has a strong inhibitory effect on both minerals (Castro et al., 2016), while sodium carboxymethyl cellulose has a weak inhibitory effect on both minerals (Chen et al., 2024). Therefore, selecting a proper depressant is the key

Rockfalls are critical landslide phenomena affecting human activities, with risk assessment based on hazard evaluation and potential impacts on exposed elements. Traditional methods for estimating unstable rock block volumes require direct measures often in hard-to-reach areas, hazardous, with time consuming approaches. This study introduces a semi-automatic method for estimating the most probable

Ring test for indirect tensile strength measurements utilizes disc specimens with a hole at the center of the disc. Such specimens are found to limit the stresses at the specimen-platen contact and transfer the tensile stress to the upper- and lower-hole boundaries in ring specimens. Researchers observed that the tensile strength of a ring specimen tends to decrease as the ratio of the hole-radius

In the present paper the problems of the nonlinear debonding of anchorage interface, the strain-hardening and rupture of rockbolt, and the progressive damage of heterogeneous rock for the fully grouted rockbolt under axial loads are studied. A micromechanical numerical model is developed and implemented into the finite difference programme, to analyze the load transfer mechanism and damage evolution

In this paper, the problem of transporting rock material deep into the working is addressed. In the case of coal, literature reports indicate that sorbed gas is responsible for coal mass transport. As a result of laboratory tests, the marginality of sorption phenomena occurring in dolomite was confirmed. Transport of rock material during rock and gas outburst takes place in several stages. In the first

The oxidation of molybdenite in water-oxygen system adversely affects the flotation recovery. However, previous studies primarily focused on the oxidation of MoS2 edge surfaces, neglecting the oxidation of basal facets, which constitute a larger proportion of the overall surface area. In this work, we systematically investigated the oxidation behavior of the molybdenite base surface and explored the

This study designed a mixed surfactant with solubilization behavior for selective flotation separation of feldspar and quartz. By optimizing the compounding ratio and dosage of reagents, the optimal mixed surfactants, dodecylamine (DDA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and dodecane with the concentrations of 1.75, 0.58, and 3.5 mmol/L, used in flotation separation of feldspar and quartz has the maximum

The use of coal for ilmenite reduction to produce synthetic rutile is widespread in industry. However, the carbon dioxide emissions associated with coal combustion pose significant environmental concerns. Alternative reductants such as hydrogen have the potential to promote environmentally friendly production of green rutile. This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility of reducing an Australian

Permeability is a critical parameter in coalbed methane (CBM) recovery and received increasing attention in recent years. The slip effect and effective stress exert competing influences on permeability, with coal exhibiting varying sensitivities to effective stress depending on their pore structures. The presence of water further complicates these interactions, affecting both the slip effect and permeability

In this work, we present a case study demonstrating the application of Optimaviz, an advanced data analytics platform, in addressing the challenges of flotation optimization in the mining industry. The study utilizes historical data from the Jabal Sayid underground copper mine, operated by Ma’aden Barrick Copper Company (MBCC), a joint venture between Ma’aden and Barrick Corporations. Our findings

As a result of ongoing research on direct recycling of battery active materials, it was observed that the chemical environment in flotation operations can be manipulated to produce highly stable froths. Such unexpected behavior opened the possibility to characterize this type of metastable structures using imaging techniques such as x-ray computed tomography. In this article, a first successful three-dimensional

Grinding efficiencies of bentonite-containing ores have been rarely investigated in the literature even though bentonite is found in various ores such as refractory and free-milling gold ores. In this work, the influence of the cation valency of grinding additives on the grinding behaviour of bentonite-containing ores has been studied. The results indicate that the presence of bentonite in the ore

The degradation of mechanical characteristics of sandstone, a common engineering material in acid environment, is directly related to the project service life forecast. In order to investigate the influence of water–rock interaction on the mechanical properties of red sandstone, a series of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were conducted on sandstone immersed in solutions of different pH values

Garnet and steel shot have advantages and disadvantages in terms of cutting performance and economic efficiency as single abrasive materials for cutting rock and concrete using abrasive waterjet. However, the application of abrasive waterjet technology in construction sites is still limited due to the cutting performance and cost limitations of single abrasive. A new strategy is needed for effective

Understanding the fracture behavior of rock after thermal treatment is important in the deep rock engineering, such as nuclear waste disposal and geothermal energy exploration. In this work, to investigate fracture properties of thermally treated rock under compression-shear loading, a series of variable angle shear (VAS) tests were performed on shear-box (SB) granite specimens exposed to temperatures

Coal bursts, arising from abrupt dynamic disturbances from mining tremors, are among the most critical dynamic disasters in underground coal mines. Understanding the dynamic disturbance process of mining tremors is crucial for unravelling the mechanism behind coal bursts and identifying high-risk zones. However, previous studies have often utilized oversimplified source representations to model the

Rapid and cost-effective dewatering of wet tailings is crucial for clean and sustainable production in mineral processing. In the process of dewatering oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT) through coagulation-flocculation followed by pressure filtration, we observed that the dosing sequence of coagulants and flocculants had a significant influence on dewatering efficiency. Employing two anionic commercial

Oily-bubbles have significant advantages including a greater contact area, stronger selectivity and higher mass transfer rate compared to bubbles, which exhibit excellent industrial prospects in mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, wastewater treatment and other fields. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on the enhancement of separation and mass transfer processes by oily-bubbles