Mineralium Deposita ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s00126-024-01332-w Nicolas J. Saintilan, Corey Archer, Kristoffer Szilas, Kristina Krüger Geertsen, Diogo Rosa, Jorge E. Spangenberg
We provide timestamps for the major zinc-lead (Zn-Pb) Mississippi Valley-type Black Angel deposit (Greenland) based on new pyrite rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) isotope geochemistry data: (1) a Re-Os isochron age 1,884 ± 35 million years ago (Ma – 2σ, 1.8%) for subhedral pyrite cemented by sphalerite ± galena in dolomitized clean limestone, and, (2) a Re-Os model age 1,828 ± 16 Ma (2σ, 0.9%) for epigenetic massive pyrite in siltstone/mudstone cap rock. Zinc-lead mineralization in evaporite-bearing carbonates in the Karrat Basin took place ca. 1,884 Ma at the time of far-field fluid flow associated with back-arc spreading ca. 1,900–1,850 Ma. Mineralization predates the development of the Rinkian foreland basin (ca. 1,850 – < 1,800 Ma) and a collisional stage (ca. 1,830 – < 1,800 Ma) in the context of the telescoping Rinkian and the Nagssugtoqidian Orogens. Replacement of clean carbonate and sustained acid neutralization led to significant sphalerite precipitation ca. 1,884 Ma. Conversely, precipitation of epigenetic massive pyrite in the cap rock ca. 1,828 Ma may signal (1) the lack of chemical reactivity of the cap rock for the pH-buffered conditions needed for Zn-Pb mineralization, and (2) the unfavorable impact of incipient regional Rinkian metamorphism (ca. 1,830–1,800 Ma) and tectonic compression on aquifer permeability and continued brine migration. The initial 187Os/188Os ratio (Osi-pyrite = 1.07 ± 0.32) from isochron regression identifies a crustal origin for Os and, by corollary, other metals in the ca. 1,884 Ma Zn-Pb mineralization. Although the Rae Craton basement rocks comprise the dominant source for metals (based on our Osi-pyrite and δ66Znpyrite/sphalerite data), we identify a complementary contribution in Zn (maximum 12–24%) from Paleoproterozoic sedimentary carbonate. This source of Zn in sedimentary calcite is deemed possible in the context of Paleoproterozoic seawater at high Na/Cl ratio and in the absence of Zn-based eukaryotic metabolism in shallow marine environment.
中文翻译:
格陵兰岛 Black Angel 的古元古代密西西比河谷型矿化:来自硫化物 δ66Zn 和铼-锇地质年代学的证据
我们根据新的黄铁矿铼-锇 (Re-Os) 同位素地球化学数据,提供了主要锌铅 (Zn-Pb) 密西西比河谷型黑天使矿床(格陵兰岛)的时间戳:(1) 1,884 ± 3500 万年前的 Re-Os 等时线年龄 (马 – 2σ, 1.8%),由闪锌矿±方铅矿在白云岩化清洁石灰岩中胶结的亚面体黄铁矿,以及 (2) 年龄为 1,828 ± 16 马 (2σ, 粉砂岩/泥岩盖层岩中表观成因块状黄铁矿的 0.9%)。Karrat 盆地含蒸发石碳酸盐岩中的锌铅矿化作用发生在约 1,884 马 1,900-1,850 马 与后弧扩散相关的远场流体流动时。矿化作用早于Rinkian前陆盆地(约1,850 – < 1,800 马)的开发,以及伸缩Rinkian和Nagssugtoqidian 造山带背景下的碰撞阶段(约1,830 – < 1,800 马)。干净的碳酸盐的替代和持续的酸中和导致约 1,884 马 的大量闪锌矿沉淀。相反,约 1,828 马 年在盖层岩中表生块状黄铁矿的沉淀可能表明 (1) 盖层岩在 Zn-Pb 矿化所需的 pH 缓冲条件下缺乏化学反应性,以及 (2) 早期区域 Rinkian 变质作用(约 1,830-1,800 马)和构造压缩对含水层渗透性和持续盐水迁移的不利影响。来自等时线回归的初始 187Os/188Os 比率 (Osi-黄铁矿 = 1.07 ± 0.32) 确定了 Os 的地壳起源,并推论出约 1,884 马 Zn-Pb 矿化中的其他金属。 尽管 Rae 克拉通基岩构成了金属的主要来源(根据我们的 Osi-黄铁矿和 δ66锌黄铁矿/闪锌矿数据),但我们确定了古元古代沉积碳酸盐对锌的互补贡献(最多 12-24%)。在古元古代海水中 Na/Cl 比高且在浅海环境中没有基于 Zn 的真核代谢的情况下,沉积方解石中的这种来源被认为是可能的。