The effect of surface roughness on the detachment between the bubbles and the glass beads (soda-lime) was comprehensively investigated. Glass beads with dimensions of −1.20 + 1.12 mm were acid etched to achieve varying degrees of surface roughness, followed by silanation reactions conducted for different immersion times. The characterization of surface roughness was conducted using a ContourGT-K 3D optical microscope. Measurements of receding contact angle, induction time and detachment force were conducted to assess the influence of surface roughness on bubble and glass bead attachment/detachment. It is observed that the etching surface of glass beads with uniform protrusions and depressions, the hydrophobic glass beads exhibited shorter induction time, larger contact angle and higher critical detachment force. However, the stability of aggregates of bubbles and hydrophilic glass beads was reduced, making them prone to detachment. Moreover, larger protrusions and depressions on hydrophobic glass bead surfaces with increasing etching time, resulted in an increase in induction time, a decrease in receding contact angle and critical detachment force. The stability of bubbles and hydrophilic glass bead aggregates remained unchanged.

中文翻译：

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探索表面粗糙度对气泡和玻璃珠界面现象的影响：实验和理论研究


全面研究了表面粗糙度对气泡和玻璃珠（钠钙）之间分离的影响。对尺寸为 −1.20 + 1.12 mm 的玻璃珠进行酸蚀，以获得不同程度的表面粗糙度，然后在不同的浸泡时间下进行硅烷化反应。使用 ContourGT-K 3D 光学显微镜对表面粗糙度进行表征。对后退接触角、诱导时间和分离力进行测量，以评估表面粗糙度对气泡和玻璃珠附着/分离的影响。据观察，玻璃珠的蚀刻表面具有均匀的突起和凹陷，疏水性玻璃珠表现出更短的诱导时间、更大的接触角和更高的临界分离力。然而，气泡和亲水性玻璃珠聚集体的稳定性降低，使其容易脱落。此外，随着蚀刻时间的增加，疏水性玻璃珠表面出现较大的突起和凹陷，导致诱导时间增加，后退接触角和临界分离力减少。气泡和亲水性玻璃珠聚集体的稳定性保持不变。