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SEM Approach to the Mediation Analysis of the Two-Condition Within-Subject Design Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-06-18 Eujin Park, Changsoon Park
The effects of the two-condition within-subject (TCWS) conditional mediation model are developed using the SEM approach. The structural equation model for the within-subject mediator and the within...
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Joint Effects in Cross-Lagged Panel Research Using Structural Nested Mean Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Jeroen D. Mulder, Satoshi Usami, Ellen L. Hamaker
A popular approach among psychological researchers for investigating causal relationships from panel data is cross-lagged panel modeling within the structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. How...
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Scale-Invariance, Equivariance and Dependency of Structural Equation Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 Ke-Hai Yuan, Ling Ling, Zhiyong Zhang
Data in social and behavioral sciences typically contain measurement errors and do not have predefined metrics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is widely used for the analysis of such data, wher...
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Enhancing Model Fit Evaluation in SEM: Practical Tips for Optimizing Chi-Square Tests Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Bang Quan Zheng, Peter M. Bentler
This paper aims to advocate for a balanced approach to model fit evaluation in structural equation modeling (SEM). The ongoing debate surrounding chi-square test statistics and fit indices has been...
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Matrix Decomposition Approach for Structural Equation Modeling as an Alternative to Covariance Structure Analysis and Its Theoretical Properties Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 Naoto Yamashita
Matrix decomposition structural equation modeling (MDSEM) is introduced as a novel approach in structural equation modeling, contrasting with traditional structural equation modeling (SEM). MDSEM a...
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Investigating Structural Model Fit Evaluation Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Xijuan Zhang, Hao Wu
A full structural equation model (SEM) typically consists of both a measurement model (describing relationships between latent variables and observed scale items) and a structural model (describing...
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Optimal Instrument Selection Using Bayesian Model Averaging for Model Implied Instrumental Variable Two Stage Least Squares Estimators Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Teague R. Henry, Zachary F. Fisher, Kenneth A. Bollen
Model-Implied Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Squares (MIIV-2SLS) is a limited information, equation-by-equation, noniterative estimator for latent variable models. Associated with this estim...
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Minimal-Effect Testing, Equivalence Testing, and the Conventional Null Hypothesis Testing for the Analysis of Bi-Factor Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Shunji Wang, Katerina M. Marcoulides, Jiashan Tang, Ke-Hai Yuan
A necessary step in applying bi-factor models is to evaluate the need for domain factors with a general factor in place. The conventional null hypothesis testing (NHT) was commonly used for such a ...
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Are the Signs of Factor Loadings Arbitrary in Confirmatory Factor Analysis? Problems and Solutions Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Dandan Tang, Steven M. Boker, Xin Tong
The replication crisis in social and behavioral sciences has raised concerns about the reliability and validity of empirical studies. While research in the literature has explored contributing fact...
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Can We Differentiate a Latent Growth Curve Model from Competitors? Evidence Based on Individual Case Residuals Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Dan Wei, Peida Zhan, Hongyun Liu
In latent growth curve modeling (LGCM), overall fit indices have garnered increased disputation for model selection, and model fit evaluation based on the mean structure has becoming popularity. Th...
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Applying Benford’s Law for Assessing the Validity of Social Science Data Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Ademola B. Ajayi
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Estimating the Weight Matrix in Distributionally Weighted Least Squares Estimation: An Empirical Bayesian Solution Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-21 Han Du, Hao Wu
Real data are unlikely to be exactly normally distributed. Ignoring non-normality will cause misleading and unreliable parameter estimates, standard error estimates, and model fit statistics. For n...
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A Causal Framework for the Comparability of Latent Variables Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Philipp Sterner, Florian Pargent, Dominik Deffner, David Goretzko
Measurement invariance (MI) describes the equivalence of measurement models of a construct across groups or time. When comparing latent means, MI is often stated as a prerequisite of meaningful gro...
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Augmented Bifactor Models and Bifactor-(S-1) Models are Identical. A Comment on Zhang, Luo, Zhang, Sun & Zhang (2023) Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Tobias Koch, Michael Eid
In a recent study, Zhang et al. (2023) proposed the augmented oblique bifactor model as a new methodological contribution, in which an oblique bifactor model is augmented by one or more indicator(s...
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Review of Quantitative Methods for the Social Sciences: A Practical Introduction with Examples in R (2nd ed.) Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Virginia Rosa da Silva
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Handling Measurement Error and Omitted Confounders Considering Informativeness of the Confounding Effect under Mediation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Qian Zhang, Qi Wang
In the article, we focused on the issues of measurement error and omitted confounders while conducting mediation analysis under experimental studies. Depending on informativeness of the confounders...
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Multilevel Factor Mixture Modeling: A Tutorial for Multilevel Constructs Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Chunhua Cao, Yan Wang, Eunsook Kim
Multilevel factor mixture modeling (FMM) is a hybrid of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multilevel latent class analysis (LCA). It allows researchers to examine population heterog...
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To Be Long or To Be Wide: How Data Format Influences Convergence and Estimation Accuracy in Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Julia-Kim Walther, Martin Hecht, Benjamin Nagengast, Steffen Zitzmann
A two-level data set can be structured in either long format (LF) or wide format (WF), and both have corresponding SEM approaches for estimating multilevel models. Intuitively, one might expect the...
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Using SymPy (Symbolic Python) for Understanding Structural Equation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Joel S. Steele, Kevin J. Grimm
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) continues to grow in popularity with numerous articles, books, courses, and workshops available to help researchers become proficient with SEM quickly. However, f...
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Overall Model Fit Does Not Imply Linearity in Longitudinal Structural Equation Models: Examining Linear Change Over Time Using Latent Variable Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Tenko Raykov, Christine DiStefano, Natalja Menold
This article is concerned with the assumption of linear temporal development that is often advanced in structural equation modeling-based longitudinal research. The linearity hypothesis is implemen...
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Causal Effects of Time-Varying Exposures: A Comparison of Structural Equation Modeling and Marginal Structural Models in Cross-Lagged Panel Research Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Jeroen D. Mulder, Kim Luijken, Bas B. L. Penning de Vries, Ellen L. Hamaker
The use of structural equation models for causal inference from panel data is critiqued in the causal inference literature for unnecessarily relying on a large number of parametric assumptions, and...
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Review of Practical Psychometrics: A Guide for Test Users Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Musyaffa’ Ahmad, Muhammad Faisal
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Identifying Dynamic Shifts to Careless and Insufficient Effort Behavior in Questionnaire Responses; a Novel Approach and Experimental Validation Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Zachary J. Roman, Patrick Schmidt, Jason M. Miller, Holger Brandt
Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) is a situation where participants respond to survey instruments without considering the item content. This phenomena adds noise to data leading t...
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Bayesian Structural Equation Models of Correlation Matrices Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 James Ohisei Uanhoro
We present a method for Bayesian structural equation modeling of sample correlation matrices as correlation structures. The method transforms the sample correlation matrix to an unbounded vector us...
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Direct Discrepancy Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs for Arbitrary Covariance Structure Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Daniel McNeish, Melissa G. Wolf
Despite the popularity of traditional fit index cutoffs like RMSEA ≤ .06 and CFI ≥ .95, several studies have noted issues with overgeneralizing traditional cutoffs. Computational methods have been ...
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A Technique for Efficient Estimation of Dynamic Structural Equation Models: A Case Study Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Leonidas Sakalauskas, Vytautas Dulskis, Darius Plikynas
Dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) are designed for time series analysis of latent structures. Inherent to the application of DSEM is model parameter estimation, which has to be addressed in...
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Fitting Cross-Lagged Panel Models with the Residual Structural Equations Approach Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ming-Chi Tseng
This study simplifies the seven different cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) by using the RSEM model for both inter-individual and intra-individual structures. In addition, the study incorporates th...
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Dynamic Structural Equation Models with Missing Data: Data Requirements on N and T Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Yuan Fang, Lijuan Wang
Dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) is a useful technique for analyzing intensive longitudinal data. A challenge of applying DSEM is the missing data problem. The impact of missing data on ...
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Bias-Adjusted Three-Step Multilevel Latent Class Modeling with Covariates Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Johan Lyrvall, Zsuzsa Bakk, Jennifer Oser, Roberto Di Mari
We present a bias-adjusted three-step estimation approach for multilevel latent class models (LC) with covariates. The proposed approach involves (1) fitting a single-level measurement model while ...
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D-Scoring Method of Measurement Classical and Latent Frameworks Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Ademola B. Ajayi
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Tackling Challenges in Data Pooling: Missing Data Handling in Latent Variable Models with Continuous and Categorical Indicators Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Lihan Chen, Milica Miočević, Carl F. Falk
Data pooling is a powerful strategy in empirical research. However, combining multiple datasets often results in a large amount of missing data, as variables that are not present in some datasets e...
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Measurement Invariance is Not Sufficient for Meaningful and Valid Group Comparisons: A Note on Robitzsch and Lüdtke Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Tenko Raykov
This note demonstrates that measurement invariance does not guarantee meaningful and valid group comparisons in multiple-population settings. The article follows on a recent critical discussion by ...
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Mediation Analyses of Intensive Longitudinal Data with Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Jie Fang, Zhonglin Wen, Kit-Tai Hau
Currently, dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) and residual DSEM (RDSEM) are commonly used in testing intensive longitudinal data (ILD). Researchers are interested in ILD mediation models, ...
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Quantifying Individual Personality Change More Accurately by Regression-Based Change Scores Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Steffen Zitzmann, Lisa Bardach, Kai T. Horstmann, Matthias Ziegler, Martin Hecht
We investigated three different approaches for quantifying individual change and reporting it back to persons: (a) the common change score, which is obtained by first computing scale scores from tw...
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Recovering Developmental Bivariate Trajectories in Accelerated Longitudinal Designs with Dynamic Continuous Time Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Nuria Real-Brioso, Eduardo Estrada, Pablo F. Cáncer
Accelerated longitudinal designs (ALDs) provide an opportunity to capture long developmental periods in a shorter time framework using a relatively small number of assessments. Prior literature has...
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On the Performance of Horseshoe Priors for Inducing Sparsity in Structural Equation Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Kjorte Harra, David Kaplan
The present work focuses on the performance of two types of shrinkage priors—the horseshoe prior and the recently developed regularized horseshoe prior—in the context of inducing sparsity in path a...
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Under-Fitting and Over-Fitting: The Performance of Bayesian Model Selection and Fit Indices in SEM Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Sarah Depaoli, Sonja D. Winter, Haiyan Liu
We extended current knowledge by examining the performance of several Bayesian model fit and comparison indices through a simulation study using the confirmatory factor analysis. Our goal was to de...
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Latent Profile Transition Analysis with Random Intercepts (RI-LPTA) Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Ming-Chi Tseng
The primary objective of this investigation is the formulation of random intercept latent profile transition analysis (RI-LPTA). Our simulation investigation suggests that the election between LPTA...
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GSCA Pro—Free Stand-Alone Software for Structural Equation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Heungsun Hwang, Gyeongcheol Cho, Hosung Choo
GSCA Pro is free, user-friendly software for generalized structured component analysis structural equation modeling (GSCA-SEM), which implements three statistical methods for estimating models with...
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Penalized Structural Equation Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Tihomir Asparouhov, Bengt Muthén
Penalized structural equation models (PSEM) is a new powerful estimation technique that can be used to tackle a variety of difficult structural estimation problems that can not be handled with prev...
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Review of Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Jam Khojasteh, Ademola Ajayi
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Vol. 31, No. 3, 2024)
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A Simple Two-Step Procedure for Fitting Fully Unrestricted Exploratory Factor Analytic Solutions with Correlated Residuals Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Pere J. Ferrando, Ana Hernández-Dorado, Urbano Lorenzo-Seva
A frequent criticism of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is that it does not allow correlated residuals to be modelled, while they can be routinely specified in the confirmatory (CFA) model. In th...
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Circumplex Models with Multivariate Time Series: An Idiographic Approach Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Dayoung Lee, Guangjian Zhang, Shanhong Luo
The circumplex model posits a circular representation of affect and some personality traits. There is an increasing need to examine the viability of the circumplex model with multivariate time seri...
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Review of Machine Learning for Social and Behavioral Research (Methodology in the Social Sciences) Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Aszani Aszani, Ruslan Anwar
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Vol. 31, No. 1, 2024)
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How to Evaluate Causal Dominance Hypotheses in Lagged Effects Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Chuenjai Sukpan, Rebecca M. Kuiper
The (Random Intercept) Cross-Lagged Panel Model ((RI-)CLPM) is increasingly used in psychology and related fields to assess the longitudinal relationship of two or more variables on each other. Res...
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Does Acquiescence Disagree with Measurement Invariance Testing? Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 E. Damiano D’Urso, Jesper Tijmstra, Jeroen K. Vermunt, Kim De Roover
Measurement invariance (MI) is required for validly comparing latent constructs measured by multiple ordinal self-report items. Non-invariances may occur when disregarding (group differences in) an...
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Performance of Model Fit and Selection Indices for Bayesian Piecewise Growth Modeling with Missing Data Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Ihnwhi Heo, Fan Jia, Sarah Depaoli
The Bayesian piecewise growth model (PGM) is a useful class of models for analyzing nonlinear change processes that consist of distinct growth phases. In applications of Bayesian PGMs, it is import...
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Comparing Methods for Factor Score Estimation in Structural Equation Modeling: The Role of Network Analysis Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Jinying Ouyang, Zhehan Jiang, Christine DiStefano, Junhao Pan, Yuting Han, Lingling Xu, Dexin Shi, Fen Cai
Precisely estimating factor scores is challenging, especially when models are mis-specified. Stemming from network analysis, centrality measures offer an alternative approach to estimating the scor...
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The Sensitivity of Bayesian Fit Indices to Structural Misspecification in Structural Equation Modeling Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Chunhua Cao, Benjamin Lugu, Jujia Li
This study examined the false positive (FP) rates and sensitivity of Bayesian fit indices to structural misspecification in Bayesian structural equation modeling. The impact of measurement quality,...
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Review of Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.) Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Jam Khojasteh, Ademola Ajayi
Published in Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Vol. 31, No. 2, 2024)
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Recommended Practices in Latent Class Analysis Using the Open-Source R-Package tidySEM Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 C. J. Van Lissa, M. Garnier-Villarreal, D. Anadria
Latent class analysis (LCA) refers to techniques for identifying groups in data based on a parametric model. Examples include mixture models, LCA with ordinal indicators, and latent class growth an...
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Improving the Statistical Performance of Oblique Bifactor Measurement and Predictive Models: An Augmentation Approach Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Bo Zhang, Jing Luo, Susu Zhang, Tianjun Sun, Don C. Zhang
Oblique bifactor models, where group factors are allowed to correlate with one another, are commonly used. However, the lack of research on the statistical properties of oblique bifactor models ren...
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Comparing MIMIC and MIMIC-interaction to Alignment Methods for Investigating Measurement Invariance concerning a Continuous Violator Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Yuanfang Liu, Mark H. C. Lai, Ben Kelcey
Measurement invariance holds when a latent construct is measured in the same way across different levels of background variables (continuous or categorical) while controlling for the true value of ...
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Performance of Estimation Methods in Bifactor Models with Ordered Categorical Data Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Ismail Cuhadar, Ömür Kaya Kalkan
Simulation studies are needed to investigate how many score categories are sufficient to treat ordered categorical data as continuous, particularly for bifactor models. The current simulation study...
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Comparing Factor Score Approaches to SEM in Multigroup Models with Small Samples Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Emma Somer, Carl Falk, Milica Miočević
Factor Score Regression (FSR) is increasingly employed as an alternative to structural equation modeling (SEM) in small samples. Despite its popularity in psychology, the performance of FSR in mult...
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Causal Mediation Analysis for an Ordinal Outcome with Multiple Mediators Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Yuejin Zhou, Wenwu Wang, Tao Hu, Tiejun Tong, Zhonghua Liu
Causal mediation analysis is a popular approach for investigating whether the effect of an exposure on an outcome is through a mediator to better understand the underlying causal mechanism. In rece...
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Deep Learning Generalized Structured Component Analysis: An Interpretable Artificial Neural Network Model with Composite Indexes Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Gyeongcheol Cho, Heungsun Hwang
Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a multivariate method for specifying and examining interrelationships between observed variables and components. Despite its data-analytic flexib...
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Latent Class Analysis with Measurement Invariance Testing: Simulation Study to Compare Overall Likelihood Ratio vs Residual Fit Statistics Based Model Selection Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Zsuzsa Bakk
A standard assumption of latent class (LC) analysis is conditional independence, that is the items of the LC are independent of the covariates given the LCs. Several approaches have been proposed f...
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Evaluating the Performance of the LI3P in Latent Profile Analysis Models Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Russell P. Houpt, Kevin J. Grimm, Aaron T. McLaughlin, Daryl R. Van Tongeren
Numerous methods exist to determine the optimal number of classes when using latent profile analysis (LPA), but none are consistently correct. Recently, the likelihood incremental percentage per pa...
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Finding the Optimal Number of Persons (N) and Time Points (T) for Maximal Power in Dynamic Longitudinal Models Given a Fixed Budget Struct. Equ. Model. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Martin Hecht, Julia-Kim Walther, Manuel Arnold, Steffen Zitzmann
Planning longitudinal studies can be challenging as various design decisions need to be made. Often, researchers are in search for the optimal design that maximizes statistical power to test certai...