Combo nanocellulose presents a promising avenue for enhancing the sustainability and performance of cementitious materials. This review explores the potential of Combo nanocellulose as a green additive in cement, focusing on its ability to improve mechanical properties, durability, and environmental impact. The unique characteristics of different nanocellulose types, such as cellulose nanocrystals

Japan’s Strategic Energy Plan aims to achieve energy-saving performance at net Zero Energy House (nZEH) standards for newly constructed houses by 2030. Radiant floor heating systems offer a promising solution for reducing primary energy consumption when combined with ground thermal energy. Moreover, integrating advanced control strategies into building energy systems can enhance energy efficiency while

The thermal environment of university campuses significantly impacts human comfort and building energy consumption, particularly in regions with hot and humid climates. Optimizing green space can effectively alleviate high-temperature issues and enhance cooling effects (Ec), ventilation effects (Ev), and carbon sequestration benefits (Cs). Given the limited land resources in campus areas, it is critical

Urban transformation has spurred the development of temporary buildings (TBs), while factors such as pandemics, disasters, and technological innovations have created new demand. TBs play a crucial role in social development by fulfilling various functions including exhibitions, sporting events, offices, and housing. At the same time, in the context of promoting low-carbon and energy-efficient architecture

Thermally activated building systems (TABSs) offer promising potential for enhancing energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort in the building sector. The existing studies related to TABSs are mainly limited to simulations and lab-based experiments and studies on experimental tests in real buildings with integrated TABS and ground source heat pump systems are limited. This paper presents an experimental

The thermally anisotropic building envelope (TABE) is a novel active building envelope that enhances energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings by transferring heat and cold between building envelopes and hydronic loops. When coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) units, the TABE + TES enables the storage of both heat and cold energy captured by the TABE roof or exterior walls. This stored

Obtaining precise distribution of airflow and temperature during indoor air conditioner ventilation and heat transfer is a pre-condition for adjusting thermal comfort. Numerical simulations, as a core tool for predicting environmental change, face increasingly stringent precision requirements. Traditional methodologies struggle to simultaneously achieve both fast and precise calculations. Consequently

To enhance energy conservation, indoor comfort, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in buildings, the design of glazed facades and window systems has seen substantial improvements. These enhancements result in increased thermal resistance while maintaining access to daylight and incorporating the use of renewable energy. Some of these glazing systems possess complex structures and PV cells, which

Despite the significant energy-saving potential of building retrofits, adoption rates remain low, highlighting a gap in understanding homeowners' decision-making processes. This study addresses the research question: How do techno-economic and socio-psychological decision-making rationales impact energy-efficient retrofitting adoption? To answer this, we develop an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate

Energy heat load forecasting plays a crucial role in the low-energy management of buildings. With the growing demand for energy and increasing environmental pressures, accurately predicting building heat loads can provide reliable data support for energy management. This enables the optimization of energy dispatch plans, improves energy utilization efficiency, and helps achieve the goals of energy

To maintain a stable thermal environment in the data center, the air conditioning system operates at high energy consumption levels annually. The airflow organization within the data center significantly impacts the cooling effectiveness of the air conditioning system. To achieve uniform airflow distribution, this study explores the effects of vertical and horizontal baffles placed between the air

To promote decarbonization and all electrification at residential sectors, it is necessary to use air source heat pumps (ASHPs) to replace natural gas for space heating and water heating. ASHPs are widely utilized for residential space cooling, heating, and water heating due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, their performance can be compromised in cold climates, where they may experience

Understanding the challenges of estimating the GHG impacts of energy codes on buildings can help inform code committees on how they might integrate GHG emission data in building energy codes. This study provides this data by quantifying and examining the energy performance, embodied, and operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for two low-rise residential archetypes across six climate zones, with

The thermal-activated building envelope (TABE) offers potential for zero-energy buildings by leveraging low-grade natural energy and dynamically adapting to environmental changes. This study proposed a systematic performance-oriented design method for TABEs based on multi-objective optimization theory, mainly consisting of six parts: objective function, design variable, physical model, operation strategy

The challenge of achieving a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions within a short timeframe necessitates extensive renovations of the existing building stock to meet the target of zero-emission buildings (ZEB). This study explores the feasibility of such renovations through building-plant system simulations for typical urban forms found in Southern Europe, classified using the Local Climate

Prefabricated ceiling radiant panel is one type of efficient and lightweight radiant heating and cooling terminal, which has been widely used in many commercial and residential buildings. The surface temperature distribution of radiant terminal is a crucial factor that affects the local thermal discomfort for heating and the surface condensation risk for cooling. However, the existing research on surface

Accurate fault diagnosis of chillers is essential for extending equipment lifespan and reducing energy consumption. Currently, data-driven diagnostic models for chillers exhibit impressive performance. However, the outstanding performance is only guaranteed in condition of sufficient and high-quality data, i.e., data is often uncertain and insufficient. To resolve this problem, this study proposes

Hot waves happened more often in summer due to the global climate change, which leads to hot indoor environment when air conditioning systems are absent. To improve individual thermal comfort in warm/hot indoor environment, a ventilating vest with thermoelectric cooling (TEC) was proposed. The design of TEC module and ventilating vest was introduced. The measured cooling capacity of cooling vest was

One of the most promising methods of decarbonizing the global building heating and cooling load is with solar photovoltaic (PV) powered heat pumps (HP). The complex nature of these systems and the interdependent interactions between each technology and the energy markets involve various sophisticated models to simulate accurately. This often leaves model descriptions lacking, particularly when qualitative

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of photovoltaic (PV) surplus energy in 36 industrial parks in Wuhan, China, focusing on the balance between PV electricity generation and energy demands. The research utilized hourly data, combining 3D modeling from geographic information system (GIS) data and field surveys to determine PV production. Energy demand was estimated through simulations based

Deviation of pressure differential from design under static conditions and delayed convergency of pressure fluctuation after dynamic disturbances are widely reported problems associated with pressure differential control in non-isobaric buildings. This study performed field measurements to investigate the pressure differential mechanisms under static and dynamic disturbance in several non-isobaric

Detecting anomalies in energy consumption data is crucial for identifying energy waste, equipment malfunction, and overall, for ensuring efficient energy management. Machine learning, and specifically deep learning approaches, have been greatly successful in anomaly detection; however, they are black-box approaches that do not provide transparency or explanations. SHAP and its variants have been proposed

Towards the dual goals of energy conservation and outdoor thermal comfort, this study proposed a parametric-oriented optimization design technology for densely-built residential blocks based on the dynamic local energy balance (DLEB) model. The DLEB model was corrected by hourly error formulas based on the field measurement data conducted in Guangzhou, China, which used six local climate zone-derived

Efficient thermal environment control in large public buildings with atria is critical for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study investigates the indoor thermal environments of two distinct atria in Suining, China, within a Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) climate zone. A novel methodology combining K-means clustering algorithms and multiple linear regression (CAMLR) was employed

Predicting year-round daylight and solar heat gain using building simulation software is an effective approach to assessing indoor visual and thermal comfort. This study proposes a method for modelling and optimizing daylight distribution and solar heat gain in a room with a dual-grating smart window having angular-selective and vertically distributed light and solar transmission. This newly developed

Climate change is one of the major environmental challenges of our time, with the energy used to heat or cool buildings a significant contributor. To improve thermal comfort, households install air conditioners, which consume energy. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternative passive solutions to cool down buildings. In this paper, inspiration is taken from elephants who cool themselves

Digital twin models serve as the most crucial foundation for estimating the expected conservation effects of building energy systems. The establishment of digital twin models relies heavily on the detailed design parameters of building energy systems, including component topology, power, and efficiency. However, a considerable number of existing buildings lack complete modeling parameters. It is challenging

One-stop-shop (OSS) business models offering integrated renovation services, making renovation more affordable and feasible, are a requirement of European Union policies aiming in energy efficiency in buildings. The present paper offers an ex-ante (pre-implementation) and ex-post (post-implementation) evaluation of 37 OSS business models currently operating in the EU renovation market. The evaluation

The Venlo ventilation system is one of the most widely adopted designs for greenhouses, and it is known for its distinctive roof structure that promotes natural airflow. However, despite its widespread use, it is often inadequate in maintaining the desired temperatures during the summer. This increases the risk of heat stress for greenhouse workers, particularly under the high humidity conditions typically

This article presents an experimental study of a Trombe wall made of cellular concrete, associated with different vent configurations. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory using a Trombe wall connected to an adjacent room, under conditions of an intermediate season. The measurements focus on temperature and heat flux measured in various areas of the facility. Five configurations are compared:

In various industrial manufacturing scenarios, maintaining a low humidity environment with a low dew point temperature (DPT) is crucial. Significant energy consumption is incurred during dehumidification processes. The Heat Pump Desiccant Wheel (HPDW) system emerges as an effective solution to regulate indoor temperature and humidity under such conditions. To improve the energy efficiency of HPDW systems

This study presents an experimental analysis of the thermoregulation characteristics of double-glazed windows integrated with phase change material (PCM) packages and black film coatings. The research focuses on varying the PCM area ratios (ARs) within the vertical glazing, specifically 15 %, 30 %, and 45 %, to evaluate their impact on thermal management and thermoregulation. The experimental setup

Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) represent a significant opportunity to reduce building energy consumption and achieve the climate and energy goals that will be necessary in the future. Nevertheless, the effective operation and maintenance (O&M) management of NZEB remains a significant challenge. This is largely due to the inadequate management of the O&M phase and the lack of comprehensive data integration

With urbanization and city facility development, cities have become major contributors to carbon emissions. This study examines the influence of urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions from the district heating industry (CEDH) in cities between 2012 and 2020. By adopting a STIRPAT approach, CEDH was quantified, and urbanization levels evaluated through nighttime light (NTL) imagery. The results of

Lighting has more functions than simply illuminating spaces. For humans, light is the main signal that aligns our body’s internal clock, regulating circadian rhythms. This process instructs our bodies to wake up in the morning, become alert during the day, and feel sleepy at night. Disruption of these rhythms can impact neurological and psychiatric health, including cognitive performance. We can utilize

This paper presents a privacy-preserving Multi-Center Federated Learning (MCFL) framework for district heating demand forecasting with a 24-hour prediction horizon. To evaluate the effectiveness of this framework, we conducted a comparative analysis across three models: a monolithic model, a traditional federated learning (FL) model, and the proposed MCFL model. Our results demonstrate that the MCFL

Fault-impact analysis (FIA) in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems involves forecasting system loads in the absence of equipment malfunction and inappropriate sequences of operations with the intention of setting a target for optimal operating energy use and encouraging and augmenting fault correction. Fault correction is an ongoing and resource-intensive endeavor for operations

South Korea’s declining fertility rate has led to numerous school closures, particularly in rural areas. Many of these shuttered schools, especially those designated as National Registered Cultural Heritage, face significant reuse challenges due to outdated infrastructure and strict preservation regulations. Common issues include poor insulation, energy inefficiency, and high carbon emissions, complicating

To bridge the research gap of landscape types’ impact on overall comfort, this study studied the relationship between the combined effect of thermal-acoustic-air quality and overall comfort in urban pocket parks during winter through surveys and monitoring. Environmental parameters monitored included outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, ambient noise etc. The (thermal, acoustic

One of the most critical places in buildings in terms of building thermal technology involves the windows where temperature often drops below the critical temperature leading to mould growth or surface condensation. Many factors play a major role here, affecting the functionality of the entire system. These factors include the nominal indoor and outdoor temperatures, outdoor and indoor relative humidity

A coupled finite element model has been developed to simulate heat and water transfer across earth walls, considering pore water phase changes and the associated latent heat fluxes. The adopted approach simplifies parametric analyses by expressing all material hygrothermal properties as functions of porosity and water retention characteristics. The model is used to assess the influence of pore water

With the increase of household PV installation, the timing-mismatch between PV power and load demand has been a challenging issue facing home energy management (HEM). This study developed a multi-time resolution scheduling method, utilizing the flexibility of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and batteries, to improve the real-time energy matching performance of PV-based home energy system (HES)

The majority of rural residences in China have poor thermal performance, resulting in significant carbon emissions. Meanwhile, economic cost level is critical to achieve low-carbon construction. In the study, the dual-control objectives of life cycle carbon emission and economic cost for rural residences were proposed, and an optimization model was developed including the objective function models

The unprecedented rise in global temperatures, extreme weather events, and the depletion of natural resources underscore the urgent need for sustainable practices. Energy-saving solutions are pivotal in mitigating these challenges by reducing carbon emissions, lessening our reliance on finite energy sources, and ultimately contributing to a more resilient and environmentally conscious future. Thus

The energy-saving potential of occupancy-centric smart thermostats has been extensively explored in simulations but lacked field testing for energy savings quantification and sensor performance assessment in real buildings. This paper presents a long-term field study conducted in a single-family home in Texas, U.S. to evaluate the performance of occupancy-centric controls (OCC) of HVAC (heating, ventilation

Passive energy consumption optimisation strategies present suitable remedies for mitigating the detrimental effects of buildings on both individuals and the environment. Despite their potential, the drivers and barriers to adopting passive strategies for buildings have yet to be comprehensively investigated, leaving a critical gap in the existing body of knowledge. Addressing this gap is of critical

Residential buildings significantly impact global energy consumption. Appropriate residential façade designs can considerably reduce energy consumption in maintaining indoor comfort. Current research on residential energy-efficient façade design primarily focuses on single-objective studies and exploring parameter boundaries of isolated façade elements, neglecting holistic perspectives. It results

The dairy farming industry is confronted with significant challenges regarding energy consumption and carbon emissions. Employing renewable energy sources is an efficient method to tackle these difficulties. However, the high initial capital costs (ICC) and carbon emissions with solar-coupled air source heat pump systems (SCASHPs) posed significant economic and environmental challenges, which remained

The building sector is accountable for roughly one third of global energy- and process-related greenhouse gas emissions. Besides space heating, domestic hot water (DHW) heating contributes substantially to energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. Depending on the DHW system design and its required supply temperature, heat losses make up around 30…60 % of the energy

The anatomically specific natural convective heat transfer coefficient (hnc) is a key index in the completion of a comprehensive model of human thermoregulation and thermal comfort prediction. This study aims to obtain empirically verified hnc on body surface in both standing and sitting postures, and to generate equations of hnc for typical indoor situations. A thermal manikin consisting of 22 discrete

Residential space-conditioning-based demand flexibility (DF) has become an increasingly sought-after method for demand-side load management to enhance grid reliability and facilitate integration of renewable energy generation. However, predicting the effectiveness and flexibility of residential DF resources is challenging due to the variability in household energy use behaviors. Current estimates show

Heat transmission through building envelopes is heavily influenced by various thermal bridges, with balcony thermal bridges being a common type that significantly affects the energy performance, durability, and indoor air quality of buildings. Numerous studies highlight the importance of addressing balcony thermal bridges. To tackle this issue, researchers have explored various solutions, one notable

To expedite the decarbonization of residential buildings, it is essential to focus on deep renovations due to their superior primary energy savings. However, detailed profiling of renovators and their activities remains underexplored. Therefore, this paper aims to expand our understanding of Belgian renovators by cross-referencing sociodemographic factors with renovation activities through a large-scale

This study presents an innovative design for a concrete-based energy harvesting system, focusing on ordinary concrete, steel fiber concrete, and bamboo fiber concrete to identify the most effective material for power generation and efficiency improvement. The temperature transfer characteristics and output voltage of each concrete type are examined in detail. Simulation analyses assess how ambient

In heat pump systems, refrigerant leakage and charging faults are the common issues. Diagnosing refrigerant leakage and charging faults of the heat pump systems are crucial for reducing system energy consumption and maintaining stable high-efficiency operation. With the iteration of computing technology, data-driven approaches play an important role in fault detection and diagnosis. This research introduces

Air conditioning systems transfer heat from indoors to the outdoors during hot summers, exaggerating the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and the risks of relevant climatic disasters. Urban form renewal strategies are urgently required to improve the diffusion of building heat emissions (BHEs). In this study, the impacts of BHEs on the outdoor airflow and air temperature fields of 42 typical urban

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is extensively utilized for optimal control in building systems. Despite substantial research being dedicated to exploring the impact of uncertainties in external and internal disturbances on the performance of MPC, the existing studies neglect the potential impact of uncertainties in model parameter identification on control performance. To address this gap, this study

Energy-efficiency interventions are crucial for sustainable building operations to accommodate emerging indoor air quality (IAQ) criteria into their engineering life cycles. While several studies have addressed building energy consumption and IAQ considerations separately, few provide integrated analysis of these aspects in response to building hygiene practices. In response, this study evaluates the

In karst regions, groundwater flows through complex conduits and fractures, resulting in substantial variations in flow velocity and temperature, which impact the efficiency of ground heat exchangers (GHEs). In this study, numerous model experiments were carried out to examine the temperature distribution of the stratum surrounding GHEs under karst groundwater seepage conditions. A 3D numerical model