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Probing the Shock Breakout Signal of SN 2024ggi from the Transformation of Early Flash Spectroscopy Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Jujia Zhang, Luc Dessart, Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Zhai, Yi Yang, Liping Li, Han Lin, Giorgio Valerin, Yongzhi Cai, Zhen Guo, Lingzhi Wang, Zeyi Zhao, Zhenyu Wang and Shengyu Yan
We present early-time, hour-to-day cadence spectroscopy of the nearby Type II supernova (SN II) 2024ggi, which was discovered at a phase when the SN shock had just emerged from the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor star. Over the first few days after the first light, SN 2024ggi exhibited prominent narrow emission lines formed through intense and persistent photoionization of the nearby circumstellar
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Rapid Protoplanet Formation in Vortices: Three-dimensional Local Simulations with Self-gravity Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Wladimir Lyra, Chao-Chin Yang, 朝欽 楊, Jacob B. Simon, Orkan M. Umurhan and Andrew N. Youdin
Disk vortices, seen in numerical simulations of protoplanetary disks and found observationally in Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Very Large Array images of these objects, are promising sites for planet formation given their pebble trapping abilities. Previous works have shown a strong concentration of pebbles in vortices, but gravitational collapse has only been shown in low-resolution
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Constraining Possible γ-Ray Burst Emission from GW230529 Using Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Samuele Ronchini, Suman Bala, Joshua Wood, James Delaunay, Simone Dichiara, Jamie A. Kennea, Tyler Parsotan, Gayathri Raman, Aaron Tohuvavohu, Naresh Adhikari, Narayana P. Bhat, Sylvia Biscoveanu, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Eric Burns, Sergio Campana, Koustav Chandra, William H. Cleveland, Sarah Dalessi, Massimiliano De Pasquale, Juan García-Bellido, Claudio Gasbarra, Misty M. Giles, Ish Gupta, Dieter Hartmann
GW230529 is the first compact binary coalescence detected by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration with at least one component mass confidently in the lower mass gap, corresponding to the range 3–5 M⊙. If interpreted as a neutron star–black hole merger, this event has the most symmetric mass ratio detected so far and therefore has a relatively high probability of producing electromagnetic (EM) emission
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Understanding the Variability of Helium Abundance in the Solar Corona Using Three-fluid Modeling and Ultraviolet Observations Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Leon Ofman, Yogesh and Silvio Giordano
The variability of helium abundance in the solar corona and the solar wind is an important signature of solar activity, solar cycle, and solar wind sources, as well as coronal heating processes. Motivated by recently reported remote-sensing UV imaging observations by Helium Resonance Scattering in the Corona and Heliosphere payload sounding rocket of helium abundance in the inner corona on 2009 September
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Prospects for the Detection of the Sgr A* Photon Ring with Next-generation Event Horizon Telescope Polarimetry Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Kaitlyn M. Shavelle and Daniel C. M. Palumbo
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has imaged two supermassive black holes, Messier 87* (M87*) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). The theoretical analyses of each source suggest magnetically arrested disk (MAD) accretion viewed at modest inclination. These MADs exhibit rotationally symmetric polarization of synchrotron emission caused by symmetries of their
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Sulfur Dioxide and Other Molecular Species in the Atmosphere of the Sub-Neptune GJ 3470 b Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Thomas G. Beatty, Luis Welbanks, Everett Schlawin, Taylor J. Bell, Michael R. Line, Matthew Murphy, Isaac Edelman, Thomas P. Greene, Jonathan J. Fortney, Gregory W. Henry, Sagnick Mukherjee, Kazumasa Ohno, Vivien Parmentier, Emily Rauscher, Lindsey S. Wiser and Kenneth E. Arnold
We report observations of the atmospheric transmission spectrum of the sub-Neptune exoplanet GJ 3470 b taken using the Near-Infrared Camera on JWST. Combined with two archival Hubble Space Telescope/Wide-Field Camera 3 transit observations and 15 archival Spitzer transit observations, we detect water, methane, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of GJ 3470 b, each with a significance
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Probing Dust and Gas Properties Using Ringed Disks Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Eve J. Lee
How rapidly a planet grows in mass and how far it may park from the host star depend sensitively on two nondimensional parameters: Stokes number St and turbulent α. Yet these parameters remain highly uncertain, being difficult or impossible to measure directly. Here, we demonstrate how the ringed disks can be leveraged to obtain St and α separately by constructing a simple toy model that combines the
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Investigation of the Gamma-Ray Bursts Prompt Emission Under the Relativistically Expanding Fireball Scenario Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Soumya Gupta and Sunder Sahayanathan
The spectral properties of a composite thermal emission arising from a relativistic expanding fireball can be remarkably different from the Planck function. We perform a detailed study of such a system to explore the features of the prompt emission spectra from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In particular, we address the effect of optical opacity and its dependence on the density profile between the expanding
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A Deficit of Massive White Dwarfs in Gaia Astrometric Binaries Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Na’ama Hallakoun, Sahar Shahaf, Tsevi Mazeh, Silvia Toonen and Sagi Ben-Ami
The third data release of Gaia introduced a large catalog of astrometric binaries, out of which about 3200 are likely main-sequence stars with a white dwarf (WD) companion. These binaries are typically found with orbital separations of ∼1 au, a separation range that was largely unexplored due to observational challenges. Such systems are likely to have undergone a phase of stable mass transfer while
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Unveiling the Interplanetary Solar Radio Bursts of the 2024 Mother’s Day Solar Storm Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Oksana Kruparova, Vratislav Krupar, Adam Szabo, David Lario, Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla and Juan Carlos Martinez Oliveros
We report on a comprehensive study of interplanetary type III radio bursts linked to X-class solar flares from NOAA active region 13664, which instigated the intense 2024 Mother’s Day solar storm, marked by a geomagnetic storm of −412 nT, the strongest in over two decades. Utilizing novel localization techniques with direction-finding data from STEREO-A, we identify an average eastward drift of 13
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Dynamical Evolution of Newly Formed Structures After Magnetic Reconnection Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Tao Ding and Jun Zhang
Although extensive research on magnetic reconnection, e.g., current sheets, inflows/outflows, and plasma ejections, has been done, the dynamical evolution of newly formed structures during and after the reconnection between two sets of atmospheric structures is rarely studied. Here we investigate five reconnection events based on observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the New Vacuum Solar
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Fundamentalization of Periods for First- and Second-overtone Classical Cepheids Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Bogumił Pilecki
Almost half of all classical Cepheids do not pulsate in fundamental mode, and nowadays, the fundamentalization of their higher-mode periods is frequently applied to increase the sample size in astrophysical investigations and allow for comparison with fundamental-mode Cepheids. On the other hand, the relations used to obtain fundamentalized periods are either old or based on small samples that cover
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Choked Precessing Jets in Tidal Disruption Events and High-energy Neutrinos Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Qi-Rui Yang, Jian-He Zheng, Ruo-Yu Liu and Xiang-Yu Wang
It has been suggested that relativistic jets might have been commonly formed in tidal disruption events (TDEs), but those with relatively weak power could be choked by the surrounding envelope. The discovery of high-energy neutrinos possibly associated with some normal TDEs may support this picture in the hypothesis that the neutrinos are produced by choked jets. Recently, it was noted that disrupted
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Discovery of a Dusty Yellow Supergiant Progenitor for the Type IIb SN 2017gkk Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Zexi Niu, Ning-Chen Sun and Jifeng Liu
Type IIb supernovae are an important subclass of stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe), which show H lines only at early times. Their progenitors are believed to contain a low-mass H envelope before explosion. This work reports the discovery of a progenitor candidate in preexplosion Hubble Space Telescope images for the Type IIb SN 2017gkk. With detailed analysis of its spectral energy distribution and
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The Ice Chemistry in Comets and Planet-forming Disks: Statistical Comparison of CH3OH, H2CO, and NH3 Abundance Ratios Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Manuela Lippi, Linda Podio, Claudio Codella, Sara Faggi, Marta De Simone, Geronimo L. Villanueva, Michael J. Mumma and Cecilia Ceccarelli
Comets are frozen remnants of our solar system’s formation, and comparing their chemical composition to that of planet-forming systems can reveal crucial insights about our origins, potentially answering one of the most challenging questions in planetary science, i.e., whether cometary material was mainly inherited from the protosolar nebula or reprocessed during the solar system formation. Here we
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Updated Spectral Characteristics for the Ultracool Dwarf TRAPPIST-1 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Fatemeh Davoudi, Benjamin V. Rackham, Michaël Gillon, Julien de Wit, Adam J. Burgasser, Laetitia Delrez, Aishwarya Iyer and Elsa Ducrot
A comprehensive infrared spectroscopic study of star TRAPPIST-1 is a crucial step toward the detailed examination of its planets. While the presence of Earth’s atmosphere has limited the spectral extent of such a study up to now, the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) and the Near Infrared Spectrograph instruments aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can now yield the 0
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Observations of the Formation and Disappearance of a Funnel Prominence Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Bo Yang, Jiayan Yang, Yi Bi and Junchao Hong
We present an observational study of the formation and disappearance of a funnel prominence. Before the funnel prominence formed, cool materials from the top of a preexisting polar crown prominence flowed along saddle-shaped coronal loops to their base, forming a smaller prominence. Meanwhile, the saddle-shaped coronal loops gradually rose, and U-shaped coronal loops, termed prominence horns, began
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Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet LHS 1140 b with JWST/NIRISS Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Charles Cadieux, René Doyon, Ryan J. MacDonald, Martin Turbet, Étienne Artigau, Olivia Lim, Michael Radica, Thomas J. Fauchez, Salma Salhi, Lisa Dang, Loïc Albert, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Nicolas B. Cowan, David Lafrenière, Alexandrine L’Heureux, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Björn Benneke, Ryan Cloutier, Benjamin Charnay, Neil J. Cook, Marylou Fournier-Tondreau, Mykhaylo Plotnykov and Diana Valencia
LHS 1140 b is the second-closest temperate transiting planet to Earth with an equilibrium temperature low enough to support surface liquid water. At 1.730 ± 0.025 R⊕, LHS 1140 b falls within the radius valley separating H2-rich mini-Neptunes from rocky super-Earths. Recent mass and radius revisions indicate a bulk density significantly lower than expected for an Earth-like rocky interior, suggesting
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Breaking Boundaries: A Universal Wavefront Reconstruction Approach for High-resolution Solar Imaging Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Xinlan Ge, Licheng Zhu, Zeyu Gao, Shiqing Ma, Ao Li, Shuai Wang and Ping Yang
This Letter proposes a universal wavefront reconstruction approach based on a coupled data set and neural network, aiming to overcome the limitations of current algorithms in terms of universality and wavefront sensing accuracy for variable imaging objects. First, a novel data set, Multi-Object Wavefront Coupling Dataset (MOCD-Dataset), is developed to provide diverse data and enable the network to
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Comprehensive Synthesis of Magnetic Tornado: Cospatial Incidence of Chromospheric Swirls and Extreme-ultraviolet Brightening Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-08 Hidetaka Kuniyoshi, Souvik Bose and Takaaki Yokoyama
Magnetic tornadoes, characterized as impulsive Alfvén waves initiated by photospheric vortices in intergranular lanes, are considered efficient energy channels to the corona. Despite their acknowledged importance for solar coronal heating, their observational counterparts from the corona have not been well understood. To address this issue, we use a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a coronal
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The Colocation of Magnetic Reconnection and Current Disruption in Jovian Middle Magnetosphere Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Dong-Xiao Pan, Zhong-Hua Yao, Rui-Long Guo, Christopher S. Arridge, Licia C. Ray, Yong Zhao, George Clark, I. Jonathan Rae, Anthony T. Y. Lui, Bin-Zheng Zhang, Yong Wei, Xu-Zhi Zhou, Hui-Shan Fu, John E. P. Connerney, Scott J. Bolton
Magnetic reconnection and current disruption are two key processes in driving energy conversion and dissipation in planetary magnetospheres. At the Earth, the two processes usually occur at different locations: the current disruption process occurs more frequently in the near-Earth magnetotail ∼10 R E, while the magnetotail reconnection process is expected to take place in the more distant region where
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The Delayed Radio Emission in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1348-630 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Bei You, Shuai-kang Yang, Zhen Yan, Xinwu Cao, Andrzej A. Zdziarski
We explore the coupling between the accretion flow and the jet in black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348-630 by analyzing the X-ray and radio observations during its 2019 outburst. We measure the time delay between the radio and Comptonization fluxes with the interpolated cross-correlation function. For the first time, we find that the radio emission lags behind the X-ray Comptonization emission by about
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Latitudinal Asymmetry in the Dayside Atmosphere of WASP-43b Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Ryan C. Challener, Zafar Rustamkulov, Elspeth K. H. Lee, Nikole Lewis, David K. Sing, Stephan M. Birkmann, Nicolas Crouzet, Néstor Espinoza, Elena Manjavacas, Natalia Oliveros-Gomez, Jeff A. Valenti, Jingxuan Yang
We present two-dimensional near-infrared temperature maps of the canonical hot Jupiter WASP-43b using a phase-curve observation with JWST NIRSpec/G395H. From the white-light planetary transit, we improve constraints on the planet’s orbital parameters and measure a planet-to-star radius ratio of 0.15883−0.00053+0.00056 . Using the white-light phase curve, we measure a longitude of maximum brightness
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From Seeds to Supermassive Black Holes: Capture, Growth, Migration, and Pairing in Dense Protobulge Environments Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-08 Yanlong Shi, Kyle Kremer, Philip F. Hopkins
The origins and mergers of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remain a mystery. We describe a scenario from a novel multiphysics simulation featuring rapid (≲1 Myr) hyper-Eddington gas capture by a ∼1000 M ⊙ “seed” black hole (BH) up to supermassive (≳106 M ⊙) masses in a massive, dense molecular cloud complex typical of high-redshift starbursts. Due to the high cloud density, stellar feedback is inefficient
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The Curious Case of Twin Fast Radio Bursts: Evidence for Neutron Star Origin? Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 Apurba Bera, Clancy W. James, Adam T. Deller, Keith W. Bannister, Ryan M. Shannon, Danica R. Scott, Kelly Gourdji, Lachlan Marnoch, Marcin Glowacki, Ronald D. Ekers, Stuart D. Ryder, Tyson Dial
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brilliant short-duration flashes of radio emission originating at cosmological distances. The vast diversity in the properties of currently known FRBs and the fleeting nature of these events make it difficult to understand their progenitors and emission mechanism(s). Here we report high time resolution polarization properties of FRB 20210912A, a highly energetic event detected
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A Strongly Lensed Dusty Starburst of an Intrinsic Disk Morphology at a Photometric Redshift of z ph > 7 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 Chenxiaoji Ling, Bangzheng Sun, Cheng Cheng, Nan Li, Zhiyuan Ma, Haojing Yan
We present COSBO-7, a strong millimeter source known for more than 16 yr that just revealed its near-to-mid-IR counterpart with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The precise pinpointing by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array on the exquisite NIRCam and MIRI images show that it is a background source gravitationally lensed by a single foreground galaxy, and the analysis of its spectral
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An IXPE-led X-Ray Spectropolarimetric Campaign on the Soft State of Cygnus X-1: X-Ray Polarimetric Evidence for Strong Gravitational Lensing Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 James F. Steiner, Edward Nathan, Kun Hu, Henric Krawczynski, Michal Dovčiak, Alexandra Veledina, Fabio Muleri, Jiri Svoboda, Kevin Alabarta, Maxime Parra, Yash Bhargava, Giorgio Matt, Juri Poutanen, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Allyn F. Tennant, M. Cristina Baglio, Luca Baldini, Samuel Barnier, Sudip Bhattacharyya, Stefano Bianchi, Maimouna Brigitte, Mauricio Cabezas, Floriane Cangemi, Fiamma Capitanio
We present the first X-ray spectropolarimetric results for Cygnus X-1 in its soft state from a campaign of five IXPE observations conducted during 2023 May–June. Companion multiwavelength data during the campaign are likewise shown. The 2–8 keV X-rays exhibit a net polarization degree PD = 1.99% ± 0.13% (68% confidence). The polarization signal is found to increase with energy across the Imaging X-ray
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A New Lever on Exoplanetary B Fields: Measuring Heavy Ion Velocities Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 Arjun B. Savel, Hayley Beltz, Thaddeus D. Komacek, Shang-Min Tsai, Eliza M.-R. Kempton
Magnetic fields connect an array of planetary processes, from atmospheric escape to interior convection. Despite their importance, exoplanet magnetic fields are largely unconstrained by both theory and observation. In this Letter, we propose a novel method for constraining the B field strength of hot gas giants: comparing the velocities of heavy ions and neutral gas with high-resolution spectroscopy
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Black Hole–Halo Mass Relation from UNIONS Weak Lensing Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Qinxun Li, Martin Kilbinger, Wentao Luo, Kai Wang, Huiyuan Wang, Anna Wittje, Hendrik Hildebrandt, Ludovic Van Waerbeke, Michael J. Hudson, Samuel Farrens, Tobías I. Liaudat, Huiling Liu, Ziwen Zhang, Qingqing Wang, Elisa Russier, Axel Guinot, Lucie Baumont, Fabian Hervas Peters, Thomas de Boer, Jiaqi Wang, Alan McConnachie, Jean-Charles Cuillandre, Sébastien Fabbro
This Letter presents, for the first time, direct constraints on the black hole–halo mass relation using weak gravitational-lensing measurements. We construct type I and type II active galactic nucleus (AGN) samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, with a mean redshift of 0.4 (0.1) for type I (type II) AGNs. This sample is cross correlated with weak-lensing shear from the Ultraviolet Near Infrared
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Class Symbolic Regression: Gotta Fit ’Em All Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Wassim Tenachi, Rodrigo Ibata, Thibaut L. François, Foivos I. Diakogiannis
We introduce “Class Symbolic Regression” (Class SR), the first framework for automatically finding a single analytical functional form that accurately fits multiple data sets—each realization being governed by its own (possibly) unique set of fitting parameters. This hierarchical framework leverages the common constraint that all the members of a single class of physical phenomena follow a common governing
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Influence of Orbit and Mass Constraints on Reflected Light Characterization of Directly Imaged Rocky Exoplanets Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Arnaud Salvador, Tyler D. Robinson, Jonathan J. Fortney, Mark S. Marley
Survey strategies for upcoming exoplanet direct imaging missions have considered varying assumptions of prior knowledge. Precursor radial velocity surveys could have detected nearby exo-Earths and provided prior orbit and mass constraints. Alternatively, a direct imaging mission performing astrometry could yield constraints on the orbit and phase angle of target planets. Understanding the impact of
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The Aligned Orbit of a Hot Jupiter around the M Dwarf TOI-4201 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Tianjun Gan, Sharon X. Wang, Fei Dai, Joshua N. Winn, Shude Mao, Siyi Xu, Enric Pallé, Jacob L. Bean, Madison Brady, Nina Brown, Cicero Lu, Rafael Luque, Teo Mocnik, Andreas Seifahrt, Guđmundur K. Stefánsson
Measuring the obliquities of stars hosting giant planets may shed light on the dynamical history of planetary systems. Significant efforts have been made to measure the obliquities of FGK stars with hot Jupiters, mainly based on observations of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect. In contrast, M dwarfs with hot Jupiters have hardly been explored because such systems are rare and often not favorable for
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X-Ray View of Little Red Dots: Do They Host Supermassive Black Holes? Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Tonima Tasnim Ananna, Ákos Bogdán, Orsolya E. Kovács, Priyamvada Natarajan, Ryan C. Hickox
The discovery of Little Red Dots (LRDs)—a population of compact, high-redshift, dust-reddened galaxies—is one of the most surprising results from JWST. However, the nature of LRDs is still debated: does the near-infrared emission originate from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs), or intense star formation? In this work, we utilize ultra-deep Chandra observations and study LRDs residing behind
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Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen in the Heliosphere: New Horizons Observations in the Context of Models Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 P. Swaczyna, M. Bzowski, K. Dialynas, L. Dyke, F. Fraternale, A. Galli, J. Heerikhuisen, M. Z. Kornbleuth, D. Koutroumpa, I. Kowalska-Leszczyńska, M. A. Kubiak, A. T. Michael, H.-R. Müller, M. Opher, F. Rahmanifard
Interstellar neutral (ISN) hydrogen is the most abundant species in the outer heliosheath and the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). Charge-exchange collisions in the outer heliosheath result in filtration, reducing the ISN hydrogen density inside the heliosphere. Additionally, these atoms are intensively ionized close to the Sun, resulting in a substantial reduction of their density within a
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C/O Ratios and the Formation of Wide-separation Exoplanets Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Edwin A. Bergin, Richard A. Booth, Maria Jose Colmenares, John D. Ilee
The gas and solid-state C/O ratios provide context to potentially link the atmospheric composition of planets to that of the natal disk. We provide a synthesis of extant estimates of the gaseous C/O and C/H ratios in planet-forming disks obtained primarily through analysis of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. These estimates are compared to atmospheric abundances of wide-separation
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Scintillation Velocity and Arc Observations of FRB 20201124A Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Ziwei Wu, Weiwei Zhu, Bing Zhang, Yi Feng, JinLin Han, Di Li, Dongzi Li, Rui Luo, Chenhui Niu, Jiarui Niu, Bojun Wang, Fayin Wang, Pei Wang, Weiyang Wang, Heng Xu, Yuanpei Yang, Yongkun Zhang, Dejiang Zhou, Yuhao Zhu, Can-Min Deng, Yonghua Xu, (FAST FRB Key Science Project)
We present the scintillation velocity measurements of FRB 20201124A from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope observations, which reveal an annual variation. This annual variation is further supported by changes detected in the scintillation arc as observed from the secondary spectrum. We attribute the annual velocity variation to the presence of a moderately anisotropic scattering
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Debris Disks Can Contaminate Mid-infrared Exoplanet Spectra: Evidence for a Circumstellar Debris Disk around Exoplanet Host WASP-39 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 Laura Flagg, Alycia J. Weinberger, Taylor J. Bell, Luis Welbanks, Giuseppe Morello, Diana Powell, Jacob L. Bean, Jasmina Blecic, Nicolas Crouzet, Peter Gao, Julie Inglis, James Kirk, Mercedes López-Morales, Karan Molaverdikhani, Nikolay Nikolov, Apurva V. Oza, Benjamin V. Rackham, Seth Redfield, Shang-Min Tsai, Ray Jayawardhana, Laura Kreidberg, Matthew C. Nixon, Kevin B. Stevenson, Jake D. Turner
The signal from a transiting planet can be diluted by astrophysical contamination. In the case of circumstellar debris disks, this contamination could start in the mid-infrared and vary as a function of wavelength, which would then change the observed transmission spectrum for any planet in the system. The MIRI/Low Resolution Spectrometer WASP-39b transmission spectrum shows an unexplained dip starting
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Extended Emission-line Regions in Poststarburst Galaxies Hosting Tidal Disruption Events Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 Thomas Wevers, K. Decker French
We report the discovery of an extended emission-line region (EELR) in MUSE observations of Markarian 950, a nearby (z = 0.01628) poststarburst (PSB) galaxy that hosted the tidal disruption event (TDE) iPTF 16fnl. The EELR requires a nonstellar ionizing continuum with a luminosity Lion,min≳1043 erg s−1, inconsistent with the current weak state (L IR,AGN < 2.5 × 1042 erg s−1) of the galactic nucleus
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Carrington Maps in H i Lyα and Their Relationships with Extreme-ultraviolet and Magnetic-field Maps Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Shuting Li, Li Feng, Beili Ying, Lei Lu, Kaifan Ji, Ying Li, Guanglu Shi, Hui Li, Yu Huang, Weiqun Gan
H i Lyα emission in the chromosphere and transition region is a key ingredient of the incident radiation to coronal neutral hydrogen for modeling corona Lyα emission. The Lyα emission distribution across the solar disk can be obtained from a Lyα Carrington map. Before the launch of the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), such a Lyα Carrington map was derived from the Carrington map at He
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The Red Supergiant Progenitor of Type II Supernova 2024ggi Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Danfeng Xiang, Jun Mo, Xiaofeng Wang, Lingzhi Wang, Jujia Zhang, Han Lin, Liyang Chen, Cuiying Song, Liang-Duan Liu, Zhenyu Wang, Gaici Li
We present a detailed analysis of the progenitor and its local environment for the recently discovered Type II supernova (SN) 2024ggi at a distance of about 6.7 Mpc, by utilizing the pre-explosion images from the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope. The progenitor is identified as a red bright variable star, with absolute F814W-band magnitudes being −6.2 mag in 1995 to −7.2 mag in 2003
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Discovery of the Optical and Radio Counterpart to the Fast X-Ray Transient EP 240315a Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 J. H. Gillanders, L. Rhodes, S. Srivastav, F. Carotenuto, J. Bright, M. E. Huber, H. F. Stevance, S. J. Smartt, K. C. Chambers, T.-W. Chen, R. Fender, A. Andersson, A. J. Cooper, P. G. Jonker, F. J. Cowie, T. de Boer, N. Erasmus, M. D. Fulton, H. Gao, J. Herman, C.-C. Lin, T. Lowe, E. A. Magnier, H.-Y. Miao, P. Minguez, T. Moore, C.-C. Ngeow, M. Nicholl, Y.-C. Pan, G. Pignata, A. Rest, X. Sheng, I
Fast X-ray Transients (FXTs) are extragalactic bursts of soft X-rays first identified ≳10 yr ago. Since then, nearly 40 events have been discovered, although almost all of these have been recovered from archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data. To date, optical sky surveys and follow-up searches have not revealed any multiwavelength counterparts. The Einstein Probe, launched in 2024 January, has started
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RUBIES: Evolved Stellar Populations with Extended Formation Histories at z ∼ 7–8 in Candidate Massive Galaxies Identified with JWST/NIRSpec Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Bingjie Wang, Joel Leja, Anna de Graaff, Gabriel B. Brammer, Andrea Weibel, Pieter van Dokkum, Josephine F. W. Baggen, Katherine A. Suess, Jenny E. Greene, Rachel Bezanson, Nikko J. Cleri, Michaela Hirschmann, Ivo Labbé, Jorryt Matthee, Ian McConachie, Rohan P. Naidu, Erica Nelson, Pascal A. Oesch, David J. Setton, Christina C. Williams
The identification of red, apparently massive galaxies at z > 7 in early James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) photometry suggests a strongly accelerated time line compared to standard models of galaxy growth. A major uncertainty in the interpretation is whether the red colors are caused by evolved stellar populations, dust, or other effects such as emission lines or active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here
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High-velocity Blue-shifted Fe xxv Heα Line during a Superflare of the RS Canum Venaticorum–type Star IM Peg Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Shun Inoue, Wataru Buz Iwakiri, Teruaki Enoto, Hiroyuki Uchida, Miki Kurihara, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Yuta Notsu, Kenji Hamaguchi, Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Takeshi Go Tsuru
The Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) detected a superflare, releasing 5 × 1037 erg in 2−10 keV, of the RS CVn-type star IM Peg at 10:41 UT on 2023 July 23 with its Gas Slit Camera (2−30 keV). We conducted X-ray follow-up observations of the superflare with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER; 0.2−12 keV) starting at 16:52 UT on July 23 until 06:00 UT on August 2. NICER X-ray
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SN 2023zaw: An Ultrastripped, Nickel-poor Supernova from a Low-mass Progenitor Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Kaustav K. Das, Christoffer Fremling, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Steve Schulze, Jesper Sollerman, Viraj Karambelkar, Sam Rose, Shreya Anand, Igor Andreoni, Marie Aubert, Sean J. Brennan, S. Bradley Cenko, Michael W. Coughlin, B. O’Connor, Kishalay De, Jim Fuller, Matthew Graham, Erica Hammerstein, Annastasia Haynie, K-Ryan Hinds, Io Kleiser, S. R. Kulkarni, Zeren Lin, Chang Liu, Ashish A. Mahabal, Christopher
We present SN 2023zaw—a subluminous (M r = −16.7 mag) and rapidly evolving supernova (t 1/2,r = 4.9 days), with the lowest nickel mass (≈0.002 M ⊙) measured among all stripped-envelope supernovae discovered to date. The photospheric spectra are dominated by broad He i and Ca near-infrared emission lines with velocities of ∼10,000−12,000 km s−1. The late-time spectra show prominent narrow He i emission
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FAST Discovery of Eight Isolated Millisecond Pulsars in NGC 6517 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Dejiang Yin, Li-yun Zhang, Lei Qian, Ralph P. Eatough, Baoda Li, Duncan R. Lorimer, Yinfeng Dai, Yaowei Li, Xingnan Zhang, Minghui Li, Tianhao Su, Yuxiao Wu, Yu Pan, Yujie Lian, Tong Liu, Zhen Yan, Zhichen Pan
We present the discovery of eight isolated millisecond pulsars in globular cluster (GC) NGC 6517 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The spin periods of those pulsars (namely PSR J1801–0857K to R, or NGC 6517K to R) are all shorter than 10 ms. With these discoveries, NGC 6517 is currently the GC with the most known pulsars in the FAST sky. The largest difference
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A NIRCam-dark Galaxy Detected with the MIRI/F1000W Filter in the MIDIS/JADES Hubble Ultra Deep Field Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Pablo G. Pérez-González, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Karina I. Caputi, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Marianna Annunziatella, Danial Langeroodi, Thibaud Moutard, Leindert Boogaard, Edoardo Iani, Jens Melinder, Luca Costantin, Göran Östlin, Luis Colina, Thomas R. Greve, Gillian Wright, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Arjan Bik, Sarah E. I. Bosman, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Daniel Dicken, Andreas Eckart, Macarena García-Marín
We report the discovery of Cerberus, an extremely red object detected with the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) observations in the F1000W filter of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The object is detected at signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ∼ 6, with F1000W ∼ 27 mag, and undetected in the NIRCam data gathered by the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), fainter than the 30.0–30.5 mag 5σ detection
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Shockingly Bright Warm Carbon Monoxide Molecular Features in the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A Revealed by JWST Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 J. Rho, S.-H. Park, R. Arendt, M. Matsuura, D. Milisavljevic, T. Temim, I. De Looze, W. P. Blair, A. Rest, O. Fox, A. P. Ravi, B.-C. Koo, M. Barlow, A. Burrows, R. Chevalier, G. Clayton, R. Fesen, C. Fransson, C. Fryer, H. L. Gomez, H.-T. Janka, F. Kirchschlager, J. M. Laming, S. Orlando, D. Patnaude, G. Pavlov, P. Plucinsky, B. Posselt, F. Priestley, J. Raymond, N. Sartorio, F. Schmidt, P. Slane,
We present JWST NIRCam (F356W and F444W filters) and MIRI (F770W) images and NIRSpec Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopy of the young Galactic supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) to probe the physical conditions for molecular CO formation and destruction in supernova ejecta. We obtained the data as part of a JWST survey of Cas A. The NIRCam and MIRI images map the spatial distributions of synchrotron
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A JWST Project on 47 Tucanae: NIRSpec Spectroscopy of Multiple Populations among M Dwarfs* * The JWST data presented in this article were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi:10.17909/6t82-4360. Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 A. F. Marino, A. P. Milone, A. Renzini, E. Dondoglio, E. Bortolan, M. G. Carlos, G. Cordoni, A. Dotter, S. Jang, E. P. Lagioia, M. V. Legnardi, F. Muratore, A. Mohandasan, M. Tailo, T. Ziliotto
We present the first spectroscopic estimates of the chemical abundance of M dwarf stars in a globular cluster (GC), namely 47 Tucanae. By exploiting NIRSpec on board the James Webb Space Telescope, we gathered low-resolution spectra for 28 stars with masses in the range ∼0.4–0.5 M ⊙. The spectra are strongly affected by the H2O water vapor bands, which can be used as indicators of oxygen abundance
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No Top-heavy Stellar Initial Mass Function Needed: The Ionizing Radiation of GS9422 Can Be Powered by a Mixture of an Active Galactic Nucleus and Stars Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Yijia Li, Joel Leja, Benjamin D. Johnson, Sandro Tacchella, Rohan P. Naidu
JWST is producing high-quality rest-frame optical and UV spectra of faint galaxies at z > 4 for the first time, challenging models of galaxy and stellar populations. One galaxy recently observed at z = 5.943, GS9422, has nebular line and UV continuum emission that appears to require a high ionizing photon production efficiency. This has been explained with an exotic stellar initial mass function (IMF;
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Formation of a Magnetic Cloud from the Merging of Two Successive Coronal Mass Ejections Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Chong Chen, Ying D. Liu, Bei Zhu, Huidong Hu, Rui Wang
On 2022 March 28 two successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were observed by multiple spacecraft and resulted in a magnetic cloud (MC) at 1 au. We investigate the propagation and interaction properties of the two CMEs correlated with the MC using coordinated multipoint remote sensing and in situ observations from Solar Orbiter, STEREO-A, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, and Wind. The first CME
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M17 MIR: A Massive Star Is Forming via Episodic Mass Accretion Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Wei Zhou, Zhiwei Chen, Zhibo Jiang, Haoran Feng, Yu Jiang
We analyzed the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 data for the outbursting massive protostar M17 MIR. The ALMA CO J = 2–1 data reveal a collimated and bipolar north–south outflow from M17 MIR. The blueshifted outflow exhibits four CO knots (N1 to N4) along the outflow axis, while the redshifted outflow appears as a single knot (S1). The extremely high velocity (EHV) emissions
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The Complete CEERS Early Universe Galaxy Sample: A Surprisingly Slow Evolution of the Space Density of Bright Galaxies at z ∼ 8.5–14.5 Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 Steven L. Finkelstein, Gene C. K. Leung, Micaela B. Bagley, Mark Dickinson, Henry C. Ferguson, Casey Papovich, Hollis B. Akins, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Romeel Davé, Avishai Dekel, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Dale D. Kocevski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Nor Pirzkal, Rachel S. Somerville, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Ricardo O. Amorín, Bren E. Backhaus, Peter Behroozi, Laura Bisigello, Volker Bromm, Caitlin M. Casey, Óscar A. Chávez
We present a sample of 88 candidate z ∼ 8.5–14.5 galaxies selected from the completed NIRCam imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey. These data cover ∼90 arcmin2 (10 NIRCam pointings) in six broadband imaging filters and one medium-band imaging filter. With this sample we confirm at higher confidence early JWST conclusions that bright galaxies in this epoch are more abundant
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Indefinitely Flat Circular Velocities and the Baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation from Weak Lensing Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 Tobias Mistele, Stacy McGaugh, Federico Lelli, James Schombert, Pengfei Li
We use a new deprojection formula to infer the gravitational potential around isolated galaxies from weak gravitational lensing. The results imply circular velocity curves that remain flat for hundreds of kiloparsecs, greatly extending the classic result from 21 cm observations. Indeed, there is no clear hint of a decline out to 1 Mpc, well beyond the expected virial radii of dark matter halos. Binning
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Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Field Amplification by Relativistic Shocks in Inhomogeneous Media Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 Kanji Morikawa, Yutaka Ohira, Takumi Ohmura
Particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in relativistic shocks propagating in inhomogeneous media are investigated by three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations and test-particle simulations. The MHD simulations show that the interaction between the relativistic shock and dense clumps amplifies the downstream magnetic field to the value expected from observations of the
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Friends Not Foes: Strong Correlation between Inner Super-Earths and Outer Gas Giants Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Marta L. Bryan, Eve J. Lee
The connection between outer gas giants and inner super-Earths reflects their formation and evolutionary histories. Past work exploring this link has suggested a tentative positive correlation between these two populations, but these studies have been limited by small sample sizes and in some cases sample biases. Here we take a new look at this connection with a sample of 184 super-Earth systems with
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Connecting Solar Wind Velocity Spikes Measured by Solar Orbiter and Coronal Brightenings Observed by SDO Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Chuanpeng Hou, Alexis P. Rouillard, Jiansen He, Bahaeddine Gannouni, Victor Réville, Philippe Louarn, Andrey Fedorov, Lubomír Přech, Christopher J. Owen, Daniel Verscharen, Raffaella D’Amicis, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Naïs Fargette, Jesse Coburn, Vincent Génot, Jim M. Raines, Roberto Bruno, Stefano Livi, Benoit Lavraud, Nicolas André, Gabriel Fruit, Rungployphan Kieokaew, Illya Plotnikov, Emmanuel Penou
The Parker Solar Probe's discovery that magnetic switchbacks and velocity spikes in the young solar wind are abundant has prompted intensive research into their origin(s) and formation mechanism(s) in the solar atmosphere. Recent studies, based on in situ measurements and numerical simulations, argue that velocity spikes are produced through interchange magnetic reconnection. Our work studies the relationship
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Pulsar Timing Noise from Brownian Motion of the Sun Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Abraham Loeb
Recently, pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) reported a signal at nanohertz frequencies consistent with a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Here, I show that the Brownian motion of the Sun as a result of its random gravitational interactions with the cluster of thousands of unmodeled main-belt asteroids of diameters ≲80 km, combined with small inaccuracies in the estimated masses of larger asteroids
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Probing the Distinct Extinction Law of the Pillars of Creation in M16 with JWST Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Jun Li, Bingqiu Chen, Biwei Jiang, Jian Gao, Xi Chen
Investigating the extinction law in regions of high dust extinction, such as the Pillars of Creation within the M16 region, is crucial for understanding the densest parts of the interstellar medium (ISM). In this study, we utilize observations from the Near-Infrared Camera and the Mid-Infrared Instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to analyze the color-excess ratios E(F090W − λ)/E(F090W
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Filter Design for Estimation of Stellar Metallicity: Insights from Experiments with Gaia XP Spectra Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-13 Kai Xiao, Bowen Huang, Yang Huang, Haibo Yuan, Timothy C. Beers, Jifeng Liu, Maosheng Xiang, Xue Lu, Shuai Xu, Lin Yang, Chuanjie Zheng, Zhirui Li, Bowen Zhang, Ruifeng Shi
We search for an optimal filter design for the estimation of stellar metallicity, based on synthetic photometry from Gaia XP spectra convolved with a series of filter-transmission curves defined by different central wavelengths and bandwidths. Unlike previous designs based solely on maximizing metallicity sensitivity, we find that the optimal solution provides a balance between the sensitivity and
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Dissecting the Crab Nebula with JWST: Pulsar Wind, Dusty Filaments, and Ni/Fe Abundance Constraints on the Explosion Mechanism Astrophys. J. Lett. (IF 8.8) Pub Date : 2024-06-13 Tea Temim, J. Martin Laming, P. J. Kavanagh, Nathan Smith, Patrick Slane, William P. Blair, Ilse De Looze, Niccolò Bucciantini, Anders Jerkstrand, Nicole Marcelina Gountanis, Ravi Sankrit, Dan Milisavljevic, Armin Rest, Maxim Lyutikov, Joseph DePasquale, Thomas Martin, Laurent Drissen, John Raymond, Ori D. Fox, Maryam Modjaz, Anatoly Spitkovsky, Louis-Gregory Strolger
We present JWST observations of the Crab Nebula, the iconic remnant of the historical SN 1054. The observations include NIRCam and MIRI imaging mosaics plus MIRI/MRS spectra that probe two select locations within the ejecta filaments. We derive a high-resolution map of dust emission and show that the grains are concentrated in the innermost, high-density filaments. These dense filaments coincide with