健康大脑衰老的 MRI：综述,NMR in Biomedicine

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健康大脑衰老的 MRI：综述
NMR in Biomedicine ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-06 , DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4564
M Ethan MacDonald _{1,

2,

3} , G Bruce Pike _{2,

3}

Affiliation

我们回顾了使用 MRI 对健康大脑衰老的表征，重点是形态、病变和定量 MR 参数。范围审查发现 6612 篇文章，包含关键词“脑衰老”和“磁共振”；涉及功能性MRI或不涉及健康人脑衰老成像的论文被丢弃，留下2246篇文章。我们首先考虑衰老的一些生物老年学机制，以及衰老在认知和疾病发作方面的后果。回顾了整个大脑、大脑皮层、白质、皮层下灰质和其他个体结构随年龄增长的形态变化。一般来说，体积和皮质厚度随着年龄的增长而下降，从中年开始。常见的无症状病变，如白质高信号、微出血、也观察到腔隙性梗塞的频率增加。关于定量 MR 参数变化的文献包括T ₁、T ₂、T ₂ *、磁化率、光谱学、磁化转移、扩散和血流。我们总结了这些参数如何随年龄变化的结果。最后，我们研究了上述技术是如何用于年龄预测的。虽然范围相对较大，但我们提供了一份全面的评论，应该让读者充分了解 MRI 能够告诉我们健康大脑如何老化。

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MRI of healthy brain aging: A review

We present a review of the characterization of healthy brain aging using MRI with an emphasis on morphology, lesions, and quantitative MR parameters. A scope review found 6612 articles encompassing the keywords “Brain Aging” and “Magnetic Resonance”; papers involving functional MRI or not involving imaging of healthy human brain aging were discarded, leaving 2246 articles. We first consider some of the biogerontological mechanisms of aging, and the consequences of aging in terms of cognition and onset of disease. Morphological changes with aging are reviewed for the whole brain, cerebral cortex, white matter, subcortical gray matter, and other individual structures. In general, volume and cortical thickness decline with age, beginning in mid-life. Prevalent silent lesions such as white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, and lacunar infarcts are also observed with increasing frequency. The literature regarding quantitative MR parameter changes includes T₁, T₂, T₂*, magnetic susceptibility, spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, diffusion, and blood flow. We summarize the findings on how each of these parameters varies with aging. Finally, we examine how the aforementioned techniques have been used for age prediction. While relatively large in scope, we present a comprehensive review that should provide the reader with sound understanding of what MRI has been able to tell us about how the healthy brain ages.

更新日期：2021-08-11

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