研究领域
Biophysical chemistry; physical origin of orders in living systems; spatial cell biology; super-resolution microscopy.
Living systems achieve versatile structural organizations and amazing orders. Our research aims at understanding how orders emerge in biological systems at the nanometer-scale from the interaction between biomolecules, and we achieve this goal experimentally through physicochemical approaches: a) To interrogate cellular processes at the nanoscale through the development and synergistic application of innovative (bio)physical and chemical methods. In particular, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (optical nanoscopy) represents a major effort of our research: our recent work just pushed the limit of optical resolution to below 10 nm (Nature Methods 9, 185), and this opens up exciting new opportunities to address questions that were previously unanswerable (our recent example: Science 339, 452). b) A systems approach to interpret complex cellular processes on the basis of fundamental physical and chemical principles, e.g., diffusion, local reactions, self-organization, and feedback loops, again at the nanoscale. Specific examples include: (1) Local (nanoscale) structural changes in neurons that lead to the emergence of a single axon but multiple dendrites from a neuron during development. (2) Polarization of cells of the immune system (e.g., white blood cells) under controlled local chemical signals. (3) In vitro (bio)chemical systems as models for cellular processes involving symmetry breaking and emergence of patterns, e.g., cell polarization, motility and development. (4) Combination of advanced imaging methods, including super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule imaging/tracking, with other modern physicochemical tools and concepts, including nanomaterials, nanofabrication and self-assembly, to simultaneously manipulate and probe cells with nanometer-precision.
Biophysical chemistry; physical origin of orders in living systems; spatial cell biology; super-resolution microscopy.
Living systems achieve versatile structural organizations and amazing orders. Our research aims at understanding how orders emerge in biological systems at the nanometer-scale from the interaction between biomolecules, and we achieve this goal experimentally through physicochemical approaches: a) To interrogate cellular processes at the nanoscale through the development and synergistic application of innovative (bio)physical and chemical methods. In particular, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (optical nanoscopy) represents a major effort of our research: our recent work just pushed the limit of optical resolution to below 10 nm (Nature Methods 9, 185), and this opens up exciting new opportunities to address questions that were previously unanswerable (our recent example: Science 339, 452). b) A systems approach to interpret complex cellular processes on the basis of fundamental physical and chemical principles, e.g., diffusion, local reactions, self-organization, and feedback loops, again at the nanoscale. Specific examples include: (1) Local (nanoscale) structural changes in neurons that lead to the emergence of a single axon but multiple dendrites from a neuron during development. (2) Polarization of cells of the immune system (e.g., white blood cells) under controlled local chemical signals. (3) In vitro (bio)chemical systems as models for cellular processes involving symmetry breaking and emergence of patterns, e.g., cell polarization, motility and development. (4) Combination of advanced imaging methods, including super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule imaging/tracking, with other modern physicochemical tools and concepts, including nanomaterials, nanofabrication and self-assembly, to simultaneously manipulate and probe cells with nanometer-precision.
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M. Wojcik||, Y. Li||, W. Li, K. Xu, "Spatially resolved in situ reaction dynamics of graphene via optical microscopy,"[Link] J. Am. Chem. Soc, doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b00474, 2017.
M. Hauser||, M. Wojcik||, D. Kim||, M. Mahmoudi, W. Li, K. Xu, "Correlative super-resolution microscopy: new dimensions and new opportunities,"[Link] Chem. Rev., doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00604 (ASAP)
D. M. Jorgens||, J. L. Inman||, M. Wojcik||, C.Robertson||, H. Palsdottir, W. T. Tsai, H. Huang, A. Bruni-Cardoso, C. S. Lopez, M. J. Bissell, K. Xu, M. Auer, "Deep nuclear invaginations linked to cytoskeletal filaments: Integrated bioimaging of epithelial cells in 3D culture,"[Link] J Cell Sci., 130, 177-189 (Cover Article), doi: 10.1242/jcs.190967, 2016
W. Li||, S. Moon||, M. Wojcik||, K. Xu, "Direct Optical Visualization of Graphene and Its Nanoscale Defects on Transparent Substrates,"[Link] Nano Letters, 16, 5027-5031, 2016. Featured in Physics Today: “Graphene visualized,” Physics Today 70(4), 72, 2017, [Link]
M. Zhang, S. Kenny, L. Ge, K. Xu, R. Schekman, "Translocation of interleukin-1β into a vesicle intermediate in autophagy-mediated secretion,"[Link] eLife, 4, e11205, 2015.
Z. Zhang, S. J. Kenny, M. Hauser, W. Li, K. Xu, "Ultrahigh-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy and spectrally resolved super-resolution microscopy," [Link] Nature Methods, 12, 935-938, 2015 Featured in Nature Methods: “Methods to Watch,” Nature Methods, 13, 35, 2016. [Link]
M. Wojcik||, M. Hauser||, W. Li, S. Moon, K. Xu, "Graphene-enabled electron microscopy and corr elated super-resolution microscopy of wet cells," [Link] Nature Communications, 6, 7384, 2015 Highlighted in Nature: “Microscopy: Graphene protects cells for imaging,” Nature, 522, 394-395, 2015. [Link]
D. Blunk, Y. Akbergenova, R. W. Cho, J. Lee, U. Walldorf, K. Xu, G. S. Zhong, X. W. Zhuang and J. T. Littleton, "Postsynaptic actin regulates active zone spacing and glutamate receptor apposition at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction," [Link] Mol. Cell Neurosci., 61, 241-254, 2014
K. Xu, G. S. Zhong, and X. W. Zhuang, "Actin, spectrin and associated proteins form a periodic cytoskeletal structure in axons" [Link] Science, 339, 452-456 Featured in Current Biology, 23, R197-R198, "Cytoskeleton: axons earn their stripes", by M. N. Rasband Recommended by Faculty of 1000.
K. Xu, and J. R. Heath, "Contact with what?" [Link] Nature Materials, 12, 872-873
K. Xu, S.-H. Shim, and X. W. Zhuang, "Super-resolution imaging through stochastic switching and localization of single molecules: an overview" [Link] Far-Field Optical Nanoscopy (Springer Series on Fluorescence), P. Tinnefeld et al., Eds. Berlin: Springer
K. Xu, H.P. Babcock, and X. W. Zhuang, "Dual-objective STORM reveals three-dimensional filament organization in the actin cytoskeleton" [Link] Nature Methods, 9, 185-188 Recommended by Faculty of 1000.
P. G. Cao, J. O. Varghese, K. Xu, and J. R. Heath, "Visualizing local doping effects of individual water clusters on gold(111)-supported graphene," [Link] Nano Letters, 12, 1459-1463
P. G. Cao, K. Xu, J. O. Varghese, and J. R. Heath, "The microscopic structure of adsorbed water on hydrophobic surfaces under ambient conditions" [Link] Nano Letters, 11, 5581-5586
P. G. Cao, K. Xu, J. O. Varghese, and J. R. Heath, "Atomic force microscopy characterization of room-temperature adlayers of small organic molecules through graphene templating," [Link] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133, 2334-2337
K. Xu, P. G. Cao, and J.R. Heath, "Graphene visualizes the first water adlayers on mica at ambient conditions" Science, 329, 1188-1191 [Link]
Science Perspective Article: M. I. Katnelson, "Just add water," Science, 329, 1157-1158. C&EN News of the Week: "Covering up for a clear view," C&EN, 88(36), 11. RSC Chemistry World: "First steps of water condensation observed."
K. Xu, P. G. Cao, and J. R. Heath, "Achieving the theoretical depairing current limit in superconducting nanomesh films" [Link] Nano Letters, 10, 4206-4210
K. Xu, P. G. Cao, and J. R. Heath, "The crossover from two dimensions to one dimension in granular electronic materials" [Link] Nature Nanotechnology, 4, 368-372
K. Xu, P. G. Cao, and J. R. Heath, "Scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of the electrical properties of wrinkles in exfoliated graphene monolayers" [Link] Nano Letters, 9, 4446-4451
K. Xu, J.R. Heath, "Long, highly-ordered high-temperature superconductor nanowire arrays" [Link] Nano Letters, 8, 3845-3849 PhysOrg Feature Story: "High-temp superconducting nanowire system is first of its kind," [Link]
K. Xu, P. G. Cao, and J. R. Heath, "Controlled fabrication and electrical properties of long quasi-one-dimensional superconducting nanowire arrays" [Link] Nano Letters, 8, 136-141
P. G. Cao, K. Xu, and J. R. Heath, "Azidation of silicon(111) surfaces," [Link] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 14910-14911
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