研究领域

Energy Science Inorganic Chemistry Materials Chemistry Nano Chemistry Sustainable Chemistry

The growing demand for energy world-wide has brought increasing attention to developing clean, efficient, renewable fuels. Challenges inherent in the production, storage, and transport of energy are perfectly suited to be solved by chemists in the 21st Century. However, there are several areas of fundamental science that must be better developed prior to large-scale implementation of these goals, as outlined in the United States Department of Energy's Basic Research Needs. One difficulty lies in the necessity of separating, storing, and transferring charge within a single material, even if this material is just one component of a more complex device. Our research program addresses these problems in synthesizing three classes of compounds that will have immediate impact on the Basic Research Needs: 1) metal oxides capable of both performing the water oxidation half-reaction and transporting the electrons needed for hydrogen fuel production; 2) intercalation compounds designed with a high charge capacity, high ion mobility, and improved stability at the electrolyte/cathode interface for Li-ion battery electrodes; and 3) cuprates tailored to study the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity. Beyond these energy implications, a unifying theme of this research is the synthesis of solid-state materials with well-defined, but easily-tuned structures that allow charge or matter to flow within the solid. To make progress in the investigation of charge/matter transfer at solid-solid interfaces, we first require a large synthetic effort. Therefore, we are skilled in a variety of synthetic techniques (e.g. solid-state synthesis, air-free Schlenk and glovebox techniques, hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis) to prepare new solid-state architectures (hard matter) as well as intercalate discrete molecules (soft matter) into these structures. In addition, we perform many physical measurements on the compounds we synthesize (e.g. X-ray structure determination, electronic spectroscopy, electrochemistry, electrical and ionic conductivity, SQUID magnetometry) in order to assess their utility in the aforementioned applications in energy research. We aim to correlate the observed physical properties with the chemical structure of our materials. In this way, the materials that we synthesize will find use in many applications, thus our efforts will undoubtedly have wide-ranging impact in cutting-edge science.

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Jiang, Y.; Wang, K.-X.; Wu, X.; Zhang, H.; Bartlett, B. M.; Chen, J.-S. Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 Hollow Spheres Composed Nanoflakes with Preferentially Exposed Li4Ti5O12 (011) Facets for High-rate Lithium Ion Batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Accepted, 2014. Nelson, E. G.; Brody, S. I.; Kampf, J. W.; Bartlett, B. M. A Magnesium Tetraphenylaluminate Battery Electrolyte Exhibits a Wide Electrochemical Potential Window and Reduces Stainless Steel Corrosion. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 18194-18198. Zhang, K.; Katz, M. B.; Li, Baihai, L.; Kim, S. J.; Du, X.; Hao, X.; Jokisaari, J. R.; Zhang, S.; Graham, G. W.; Van der Ven, A.; Bartlett, B. M.; Pan, X. Water-free Titania-Bronze Thin Film with Superfast Lithium Ion Transport. Adv. Mater. 2014, Accepted. Hao, X.; Lin, X.; Lu, W.; Bartlett, B. M. Oxygen Vacancies Lead to Loss of Domain Order, Particle Fracture, and Rapid Capacity Fade in Lithium Manganospinel (LiMn2O4) Batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2014, 6, 10849-10857. (Forum Article: New Materials and Approaches for Electrochemical Storage) Etacheri V.; Yourey, J. E.; Bartlett, B. M. Chemically Bonded TiO2-Bronze Nanosheet/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid for High-Power Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Nano. 2014, 8, 1491-1499. Klepser, B. M.; Bartlett, B. M. Anchoring a Molecular Iron Catalyst to Solar-Responsive WO3 Improves the Rate and Selectivity of Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 1694-1697. Nelson, E. G.; Kampf, J. W.; Bartlett, B. M. Enhanced Oxidative Stability of Non-Grignard Magnesium Electrolytes through Ligand Modification.. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 5193-5195. (Emerging Investigators themed issue) Pyper, K. J.; Yourey, J. E.; Bartlett, B. M. Reactivity of CuWO4 in Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation is Dictated by a Mid-gap Electronic State. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2013, 117, 24726-24732. Etacheri, V.; Kuo, Y.; Van der Ven, A.; Bartlett, B. M. Mesoporous TiO2-B Microflowers Composed of (1 –1 0) Facet Exposed Nanosheets for Fast Reversible Lithium-Ion Storage. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 12028-12032. Breault, T. M.; Brancho, J. J.; Guo, P.; Bartlett, B. M. Visible Light Water Oxidation Using a Co-Catalyst Loaded Anatase-Structured Ti1–(5x/4)NbxO2–y–δNy Compound. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 9363-9368. Hao, X.; Bartlett, B. M. Improving the Electrochemical Stability of the High-Voltage Li-Ion Battery Cathode LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4–δ by Titanate-based Surface Modification. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2013, 160, A3162-A3170. Yourey, J. E.; Pyper, K. J.; Kurtz, J. B.; Bartlett, B. M. Chemical Stability of CuWO4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2013, 117, 8708-8718. Breault, T. M.; Bartlett, B. M. Composition-Dependence of TiO2:(Nb,N)-x Compounds on the Rate of Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Dye Degradation. J Phys. Chem. C. 2013, 117, 8611-8618. Hao, X.; Bartlett, B. M. Li4Ti5O12 Nanocrystals Synthesized by Carbon Templating from Solution Precursors Yield High Performance Thin Film Li-Ion Battery Electrodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 753-761. Yourey, J. E.; Kurtz, J. B.; Bartlett, B. M. Structure, Optical Properties, and Magnetism of the Full Zn1–xCuxWO4 (0 < x < 1) Composition Range. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 10394-10401. Gu, J.; Collins, S. M.; Carim, A. I.; Hao, X.; Bartlett, B. M.; Maldonado, S. Template-Free Preparation of Crystalline Ge Nanowire Film Electrodes via an Electrochemical Liquid-Liquid-Solid Process in Water at Ambient Pressure and Temperature for Energy Storage. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 4617-4623. Maass, J. S.; Zeller, M.; Breault, T. M.; Bartlett, B. M.; Sakiyama, H.; Luck, R. L. Syntheses and Structures of Three Complexes of Formulae [L3Co(μ2-O2P(Bn)2)3CoL'][L''], Featuring Octahedral and Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Geometries; Variable Temperature Magnetic Susceptibility Measurement and Analysis on [(py)3Co(μ2-O2PBn2)3Co(py)][ClO4]. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 4903-4905. Hao, X.; Austin, M. H.; Bartlett, B. M. Two-step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Submicron Li1+xNi0.5Mn1.5O4–δ for Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes (x = 0.02, δ = 0.12). Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 8067-8076. (New Talent: Americas themed issue) Breault, T. M.; Bartlett, B. M. Lowering the Band-gap of Anatase-structured TiO2 by Co-alloying with Nb and N: Electronic Structure and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 5986-5994. Yourey, J. E.; Kurtz, J. B.; Bartlett, B. M. Water Photooxidation on a CuWO4-WO3 Composite Electrode in the Presence of [Fe(CN)6]3–: toward Z-scheme Water Splitting at Zero Bias. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 3200-3205.