个人简介

Ph.D. Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University - See more at: http://chemistry.wvu.edu/faculty-staff/faculty/jonothan-boyd#sthash.AGjD0TRI.dpuf

研究领域

Analytical and forensic chemistry

In my research, I have used fundamental thermodynamic principles to investigate the response of living systems to changes in their local environment, which simplifies to following the energy within an organism in response to stimulae. In general, I am interested in understanding the mammalian response to both chemical and physical stressors, and specifically, I am working toward an understanding of how humans interpret (from cellular mechanisms to physiological integration) the milieu of mixed environmental signals (ranging from chemical exposures to mental/physical stress) received each day. This complex area of research necessitates that my hypotheses be theoretically based, mathematically sound, and requires that my experimental samples appropriately match the question that I am trying to answer. In this regard, I have been fortunate to be able to work with many types of biological samples that include mammalian cell culture, animal models and human subjects. The applications of my research are vast, and range from toxicology, drug discovery and surgical diagnostics to assembling high performance teams and even cyber defense. Prediction of mixtures interactions My lab has been developing kinetic and endpoint screening toxicity assays for the determination of both the target and time of toxic effects. While initially focused on environmentally-relevant exposures, the potential exists to expand to clinical samples which would provide a baseline “health” assessment for individuals and populations at risk. A central aspect of our assays elucidates altered cellular enzyme expression and activity for cell signaling cascades following multiple time-course exposures to toxicants which allows for the identification of both their common and disparate response pathways. Rather than assessing all possible interactions between the compound and multiple cellular targets, our approach is to determine the cell signaling response to multiple classes of toxicants and thereby map interactions for prediction of effects. Typically cell signaling is mediated by second-messengers (e.g. reactive oxygen species, cAMP, etc.), but these are inherently difficult signals from which to interpret meaning and predict ultimate response. However, second-messengers elicit differential kinase cascades whose responses are more closely linked to overall cellular effects and thus more easily interpretable. Protein kinases mediate most of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells by phosphorylation of specific substrates that are relevant to both survival and death pathways, which encompass the physiological response to insults and homeostasis: including metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is my goal to continue to develop biochemical assays and novel techniques to discern mixtures toxicity (chemical and biological) that target signaling networks in vitro, and provide the mechanistic knowledge to predict interactions in vivo. bioassay3 Identification of cellular threat sensing networks The response of mammalian cells to threats is coordinated by protein-based signaling networks which primarily follow a fundamental motif, the phosphorylation / dephosphorylation cycle mediated by kinases and phosphatases. This simple cycle is embedded in networks which use positive and negative feedback to generate extremely diverse functions like signal amplification and perfect adaptation, reversible and irreversible switches, homeostasis, and oscillations. One key irreversible switch is apoptosis (programmed cell death), and both the signaling network and infrastructure surrounding the decision to flip the switch are complex. The overall objective of this research is to use signal transduction networks to understand the threat assessment decision process of cells in response to toxic exposures. Further, we seek to decipher cell signaling networks capable of prediction of apoptosis from any threat by utilizing a novel mixtures interaction, top-down approach to building connectivity while defining network structure.

近期论文

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Currie HN, Vrana JA, Han AA, Scardoni G, Boggs N, Boyd JW. “An approach to investigate intracellular protein network responses”. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2014 Currie HN, Loos MS, Dragan K, Vrana JA, Boyd JW. “Spatial cytokine distribution following traumatic injury”. Cytokine 2014 Boyd J, Vrana JA, Williams HN. “In vitro approach to predict post-translational phosphorylation response to mixtures”. Toxicology 2013 Vrana JA, Boggs N, Currie (Williams) HN, Boyd J. “Amelioration of an undesired action of deguelin”. Toxicon 2013 Boyd JW, Saksena A, Patrone JB, Williams HN, Boggs NT, Theodore ML, Le HT, Boyd JW. “Exploring the boundaries of additivity: mixtures of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitors”. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2011. McDaniel LN, Romero NA, Boyd JW, Coimbatore G, Cobb GP. “Capillary column gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of the organophosphate nerve agent surrogate dimethyl methylphosphonate in gaseous phase”. Talanta 2010. Haddad S, Tardif R, Boyd J and Krishnan K. Chapter 4: Physiologically-based modeling of pharmacokinetic interactions in chemical mixtures. In Quantitative Modeling in Toxicology. Eds. K. Krishnan and M.E. Andersen. John Wiley & Sons Limited, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN: 978-0-470-99809-0. 2010 Krishnan K, Boyd J. Chapter 10: Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures. In General and Applied Toxicology, 3rd Edition. Ed. B. Ballantyne. John Wiley & Sons Limited, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN: 978-0-470-72327-2. 2009. Krishnan K, Isukapalli S, Boyd J. Chapter 9:Evaluation of Toxicological Interactions for the Dose-Response Assessment of Chemical Mixtures. In General and Applied Toxicology, 3rd Edition. Ed. Ballantyne B. John Wiley & Sons Limited, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN: 978-0-470-72327-2. 2009. Coimbatore G, Cobb GP, Boyd JW, Marsland EJ, Presley SM. Sensing Biological and Chemical Threat Agents. In Advances in Biological and Chemical Terrorism Countermeasures. Eds. Smith PN, Austin GP, Presley SM, Kendall RJ. CRC Press Boca Raton, FL. ISBN: 978-1-420-07654-7. pp 159-178. 2008. Boyd JW, Eckman CK, Romero NA, Ramkumar SS, Cox SB, Cobb GP. “The use of a thermogravimetric analyzer for the generation of primary analytical vapor standards of organophosphate pesticides”. Analytica Chimica Acta 2006. Boyd JW, Cobb GP, Southard GE, Murray GM. “Development of molecularly imprinted polymer sensors for chemical warfare agents . Johns Hopkins APL Tech Digest 2004.