个人简介

Education BA, Franklin and Marshall College, 1989 PhD, Stanford University, 1995 Professional Experience Professor, University of Missouri, 2014-present Associate Chair for Graduate Studies, University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007-2014 Associate Professor, University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006-present Assistant Professor, University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003-2006 Assistant Professor, Pennsylvania State University, 1997-2003 NIH Post-doctoral Fellow, Columbia University, 1995-1997

研究领域

Fluorescent Sensing ; Bioorganic Chemistry; Molecular Recognition

Our group has been involved in the preparation of fluorescent sensors for detection of biologically important organic compounds in aqueous media. Fluorescent sensors are compounds which produce visible fluorescence in the presence of a target molecule (analyte). Such sensors have been used to visually trace the presence of certain analytes in and around cells. These studies have proven to be invaluable for the elucidation of cellular mechanisms by giving real-time information about the environment of a cell in a non-destructive manner. However, biologically useful sensors for organic compounds have lagged behind those for metal ions and cellular conditions such as pH and pO2. The main challenge in preparing sensors for organic compounds is obtaining specific, high affinity recognition of the analyte of interest in the complex media of the cell. Sensors for Neurotransmitters Another emphasis of the Glass groups is the preparation of fluorescent sensors for neurotransmitters. With such sensors, neurochemists can trace neurotransmitters in and around neurons and study their functions. We have designed such compounds, termed NeuroSensors, that respond to dopamine and norepinephrine and have shown that they function in live cells. image We have recently expanded on this concept to produce fluorescent chemical logic gates that can be used to detect neurotransmitters as they are being released into the synapse. In the example below, the sensor only responds to the presence of Zinc ion, glutamate, and the pH jump associated with exocytosis. These sensors can be used to study neurochemical release from specialized neursons. image Blood Analyte Detection One approach to practically useful fluorescent sensing involves the preparation of near infrared (NIR) sensors for blood analytes. These sensors can be read through the skin for completely non-invasive measurement of analytes such as blood pH (among other possible applications). The major problem with this method is the short lifetime of such sensor molecules in blood. We will overcome this challenge by encapsulating the sensors in red blood cells ghosts. Ghosting is a well-known technique that involves removing blood from a patient, opening a lysis pore in the red cell surface and loading the sensor. Resealing the red cells and reinjecting them into the patient will allow the sensor to last much longer than if it was free in serum. image Sensors for Bioactive Lipids We are also interested the preparation of water-soluble hydrophobic cleft compounds as receptors for lipids. The chemistry of calix[4]naphthalenes is being explored in an effort to generate molecular tubes with the ability to recognize bio-molecules such as lipids via shape selective hydrophobic interactions. Lipids represent another class of biologically relevant analytes for which specific receptors would be valuable. Furthermore, such molecular tubes may have many potential applications including artificial zeolites and molecular wires. We have also developed metal ligands for the generation of metal coordination complexes as receptors for analytes such as nucleotides (e.g., ATP). Coordination complexes have the advantage that they are modular (generated from several interchangeable components) and their solubility characteristics can be varied.

近期论文

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Cooley, C. M.; Hettie, K. S.; Klockow, J. L.; Garrison, S.; and Glass, T. E. “A Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Phosphoserine” Org. Biomol. Chem. 2013, 11, 7387 - 7392. Klockow, J. L.; Hettie, K. S. and Glass, T. E. “ExoSensor 517: A Dual-Analyte Fluorescent Chemosensor for Visualizing Neurotransmitter Exocytosis” ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2013, 4, 1334-1338. Hettie, K. S.; Liu, X.; Gillis, K.D.; and Glass, T. E. “Selective Catecholamine Recognition with NeuroSensor 521: A Fluorescent Sensor for the Visualization of Norepinephrine in Fixed and Live Cells” ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2013, 4, 918-923. Klockow, J. L.; Glass, T. E. “Development of a Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Kynurenine” Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 235-247. Zhu, W; Zajicek, J. L; Tillitt, D. E.; Glass, T. E. “TanA: a fluorogenic probe for thiaminase activity” Anal. Methods 2013, 5, 446-448. Avetta, C. T.; Shorthill, B. J.; Ren, C.; Glass, T. E. “Molecular Tubes for Lipid Sensing: Tube Conformations Control Analyte Selectivity and Fluorescent Response” J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 851-857. Zhang, S.; Glass, T. E. “An indicator displacement assay with independent dual wavelength emission” Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 112-114. Dalgarno, S. J.; Claudio-Bosque, K. M.; Warren, J. E.; Glass, T. E.; Atwood, J. L. “Interpenetrated nano-capsule networks based on the alkali metal assisted assembly of p-carboxylatocalix[4]arene-O-methyl ether” Chem. Commun. 2008, 1410-1412. Dalgarno, S. J.; Warren, J. E.; Antesberger, J.; Glass, T. E.; Atwood, J. L “Large diameter non-covalent nanotubes based on the self-assembly of para-carboxylatocalix[4]arene” New J. Chem. 2007, 31, 1891-1894. Plante, J. P.; Glass, T. E. "A Shape Selective Fluorescent Sensing Ensemble Using a Tweezer-Type Metalloreceptor" Org. Lett. 2006 , 8 , 2163-2166. Raker, J.; Secor, K.; Moran, R.; Feuster, E.; Hanley, J. and Glass, T. "Design and Synthesis of Cooperative 'Pinwheel' Fluorescent Sensors, " Strategies and Tactics in Organic Synthesis , Harmata, M. Ed, 2005 , p. 415-434. Secor, K., Plante, J.; Avetta, J.; Glass, T. E. "Fluorescent sensors for diamines" J. Mater. Chem. 2005 , 15 , 4073-4077. . Raker, J.; Secor, K.; Moran, R.; Feuster, E.; Hanley, J.; Glass, T. E. "Design and Synthesis of Cooperative 'Pinwheel' Fluorescent Sensors" Strategies and Tactics in Organic Synthesis , Harmata, M. Ed, 2005 , 394-413. Shorthill, B. J.; Avetta, C. T.; Glass, T. E. "Shape Selective Sensing of Lipids in Aqueous Solution by a Designed Fluorescent Molecular Tube" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004 , 126 , 12732-12733 . Secor, K. E.; Glass, T. E. "Selective Amine Recognition: Development of a Chemosensor for Dopamine and Norepinephrine" Org. Lett. 2004 , 6 , 3727-3730. Jones, P. D.; Glass, T. E. "Exploring the effects of cooperative interactions on affinity using a pinwheel sensor system" Tetrahedron 2004 , 60 , 11057-11065 - Symposium in print on chemical sensors. Feuster, E. K.; Glass, T. E. "Detection of Amines and Unprotected Amino Acids in Aqueous Conditions by Formation of Highly Fluorescent Iminium Ions" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003 , 125 , 16174-16175. Price, J. C.; Barr, E. W.; Glass, T. E.; Krebs, C.; Bollinger, J. M., Jr. "Evidence for Hydrogen Abstraction from C1 of Taurine by the High-Spin Fe(IV) Intermediate Detected during Oxygen Activation by Taurine: -Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase (TauD) " J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003 , 125 , 13008. Plante, J. P.; Jones, P. D.; Powell, D. R.; Glass, T. E. "A rigid cavity containing tetra-cobalt(III) [2x2] grid complex" Chem. Commun. 2003 , 336-337 . Raker, J.; Glass, T. E. "Selectivity via Cooperative Interactions: Detection of Dicarboxylates in Water by a Pinwheel Chemosensor" J. Org. Chem. 2002 , 67 , 6113-6116.