研究领域

Inorganic/Organometallic

The Wolczanski group investigates the syntheses, electronic properties, and structures of organometallic and inorganic complexes toward understanding small and large molecule activation, and the potential for catalysis. Research In the past few years, the research interests of Prof. Wolczanski and his group have undergone significant change. Prior to 2007, the research focus was mainly on explorations of early transition metal (groups 4-7) organometallic and coordination complexes that featured sterically encumbering siloxide (tBu3SiO), alkoxide (tBu3CO), amide (tBu3SiNH), imide (tBu3SiN=), thiolate (tBu3SiS), and acetylide (tBu3SiCC) ligands. At the end of this period, the orbital symmetry requirements for reactions such as oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and olefin substitution to and from (silox)3M (M = NbPMe3, Ta) suggested that the reactivity of 2nd row transition metals was swifter than 3rd row congeners due to a higher density of states (DOS) in the former. Since the highest DOS is observed in 1st row transition metal complexes, these results prompted a switch to investigating 1st row transition metals. The challenge of utilizing 1st row transition metals as catalysts or as unusual stoichiometric reagents requires the inhibition of 1e- changes that are typical, yet troublesome with regard to the 2e- changes accompanying bond-making and -breaking events critical to catalysis. Current research is focused on developing strong-field ligand frameworks that have the potential to solve this problem. In taking on this challenge, a new set of neutral "Werner" complexes have been discovered that feature the 1,3-di-2-pyridyl-2-azaallyl ligand (i.e., {(2-py)CH}2N = smif), which has been coined "smif". These (smif)2Mn (n = 0, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru; n = +1, M = Cr, Mn, Co, Rh, Ir) complexes exhibit intense intraligand charge transfer bands that give each species a metallic hue; a patent on this ligand type has been filed for potential light-harvesting applications. Related azaallyl ligands in which the 2-py group has been replaced by an aryl have been examined in addition to related diarylimines, and Fe(II) and uncommon Fe(III) aryl and diaryl complexes have been prepared. Certain diarylimine species have been discovered to select and bind N2 when exposed to the air! During the course of investigating the chemistry of smif-ligated metals, the azaallyl ligand was found to have intriguing C-C bond forming tendencies due to some singlet diradical character of its HOMO. By incorporating azaallyl connectivities into macrocyclic ligands, we have managed to generate Cr, Co and Ni species that have induced three C-C bonds to form via the redox activity of their azaallyl components! Studies continue into expanding the scope of these C-C bond forming reactions. In addition, our program is investigating Ti clusters with the capability of generating dihydrogen from water, and additional work continues on the application of bulky ligands, in this case the application of bulky thiolates to chemistry germane to nitrogenase. Analytical methods employed include NMR (multidimensional and variable temperature), IR, EPR and UV-vis spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction experiments, including utilization of the facilities at the Center of High Energy Synchrotron Studies (CHESS). Molecular orbital and DFT calculations are routinely used to augment experimental studies. Mechanistic investigations involve kinetics, isotopic labeling, and the trapping of reactive intermediates, while synthetic techniques range from conventional solid-state, Schlenk and dry-box manipulations to utilization of high vacuum systems.

近期论文

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“Iron and Chromium Complexes Containing Tridentate Chelates Based on Nacnac and Imino- and Methyl-Pyridine Components: Triggering C-X Bond Formation”. Morris, W. D.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Sutter, J; Meyer, K.; Cundari, T. R.; Lobkovsky, E. B. Inorg Chem. 2014, 53, 7464-7484. “Iron Complexes Derived from {nacnac-(CH2py)2}− and {nacnac-(CH2py)(CHpy)}n Ligands: Stabilization of Iron(II) via Redox Noninnocence”. Williams, Valerie A.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Sutter, Jörg; Meyer, Karsten; Lobkovsky, Emil B.; Cundari, Thomas R. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 4459-4474. “Exploring the Limits of Redox Non-Innocence: Pseudo Square Planar [{κ4-Me2C(CH2N:CHpy)2}Ni]n (n = 2+, 1+, 0, -1, -2) Favor Ni(II)”. Williams, Valerie A.; Hulley, Elliott B.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Lancaster, Kyle M.; Lobkovsky, Emil B. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 3636-3648. “Lewis Bases Trigger Intramolecular CH-Bond Activation: (tBu3SiO)2W=NtBu <==> (tBu3SiO)(κO,κC-tBu2SiOCMe2CH2)HW=NtBu”. Marshak, Michael P.; Rosenfeld, Devon C.; Morris, Wesley D.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Lobkovsky, Emil B.; Cundari, Thomas R. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 4056-4067. “C-C Bond Formation and Related Reactions at the CNC Backbone in (smif)FeX (smif = 1,3-Di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl): Dimerizations, 3 + 2 Cyclization, and Nucleophilic Attack; Transfer Hydrogenations and Alkyne Trimerization (X = N(TMS)2, dpma = (Di-(2-pyridyl-methyl)-amide))”. Frazier, Brenda A.; Williams, Valerie A.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Bart, Suzanne C.; Meyer, Karsten; Cundari, Thomas R.; Lobkovsky, Emil B. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 3295-3312. “Selective Extraction of N2 from Air by Diarylimine Iron Complexes”. Bartholomew, Erika R.; Volpe, Emily C.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Lobkovsky, Emil B.; Cundari, Thomas R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 3511-3527. “Syntheses and Characterizations of α-Iminopyridine Compounds (alkylNCHpy)2Fe(L/Xn), and an Assessment of Redox Non-Innocence”. Volpe, Emily C.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Darmon, Jonathan M.; Lobkovsky, Emil B. Polyhedron 2013, 52, 406-415. “Synthetic Approaches to (smif)2Ti (smif = 1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl) Reveal Redox Non-Innocence and C-C Bond-Formation”. Frazier, Brenda A.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Keresztes, Ivan; DeBeer, Serena; Lobkovsky, Emil B.; Pierpont, Aaron W.; Cundari, Thomas R. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 8177-8186. “A Theoretical Study of the 3d-M(smif)2 Complexes: Structure, Magnetism, and Oxidation States”. Hachmann, Johannes; Frazier, Brenda A.; Wolczanski, Peter T.; Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic. ChemPhysChem 2011, 12, 3236-3244. “Alkane Binding Implicated in Reactions of (tBu3SiN:)3WHK and Alkyl Halides”. Schafer, D. F.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B. Organometallics 2011, 30, 6518-6538. “Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Early Metal Compounds: A Propensity of Oxygen Atom Transfer”. Williams, V. A.; Manke, D. R.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Cundari, T. R. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2011, 369, 203-214. “Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation from Azaallyl and Imine Couplings about Metal-Metal Bonds”. Hulley, E. B.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 18058-18061. “Reactivity Studies of (tBu3SiNH)(tBu3SiN:)2WH Including Anionic Derivatives Featuring the Tris-tri-tert-butylsilylimide Tungsten Core”. Schafer, D. F.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B. Organometallics 2011, 30, 6539-6561. “Synthesis and Characterization of (smif)2Mn n = 0, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru; n = +1, M = Cr, Mn, Co, Rh, Ir; Smif = 1,3-di-(2-pyridyl)-2-azaallyl)”. Frazier, B. A.; Bartholomew, E. R.; Wolczanski, P. T.; DeBeer, S.; Santiago-Berrios, M.; Abruna, H. D.; Lobkovsky, E. B.; Bart, S. C.; Mossin, S.; Meyer, K.; Cundari, T. R. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 12414-12436. “Aryl-Containing Pyridine-Imine and Azaallyl Chelates of Iron Toward Strong Field Coordination Compounds”. Volpe, E. C.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B.Organometallics 2010, 29, 364-377. “Aryl-Oxazoline Chelates of First-Row Transition Metals: Structures of {κ-C,N-(o-C6H4)CMe2(COCH2CMe2N)]FeCl(py) and [{κ-C,N-(o-C6H4)CMe2(COCH2CMe2N)}Cr(μ-Cl)]2“. Volpe, E. C.; Manke, D. R.; Bartholomew, E. R.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B.Organometallics 2010, 29, 6642-6652. “Pnictogen-Hydride Activation by (silox)3Ta (silox = tBu3SiO); Attempts to Circumvent the Constraints of Orbital Symmetry in N2 Activation”. Hulley, E. B.; Bonanno, J. B.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Cundari, T. R.; Lobkovsky, E. B. Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 8524-8544. ” [(silox)3M]2(μ:η1,η1-P2) (M = Nb, Ta) and [(silox)3Nb]2{μ:η2,η2-(cP3–cP3)} from (silox)3M (M = NbPMe3, Ta) and P4 (silox = tBu3SiO)”. Hulley, E. B.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B. Chem. Commun. 2009, 42, 6412-6414. “Aryl-Containing Chelates and Amine Debenzylation to Afford 1,3-Di-2-pyridyl-2-azaallyl (smif): Structures of {κ-C,N,Npy2-(2-pyridylmethyl)2N(CH2(4-tBu-phenyl-2-yl))}FeBr and (smif)CrN(TMS)2“. Frazier, B. A.; Wolczanski, P. T.; Lobkovsky, E. B. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 11576-11585. “Structure and reactivity studies of transition metals ligated by tBu3SiX (X = O, NH, N, S, and CC)”. Wolczanski, P. T. Chem. Commun. 2009, 7, 740-757.