研究领域

Assessing Caribou Survival in Relation To Moose and Wolf Distribution and Abundance Many factors affect the outcomes of predator-prey interactions, particularly when those interactions involve multiple prey species, general predators, and a complex landscape. Factors most likely to affect survival of boreal caribou include the complexities of moose-wolf-caribou interactions such as apparent competition, and changes in selection resulting from changes to habitats on the landscape. Our research is addressing the following questions: is moose distribution and abundance related to human-caused habitat change inside and outside of core caribou habitats?; is wolf use of caribou habitat related to moose distribution and abundance?; do predator and prey abundance and behaviour interact to put caribou at risk?; and what biotic, landscape, and anthropogenic attributes affect the survival of boreal caribou (with particular reference to those attributes that can be managed)? Examining Factors Affecting Moose Decline in Central British Columbia In response to declining moose numbers in central BC the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO) initiated a multi-year research program. The reasons for the decline in moose numbers in some areas and not in others are unknown but have coincided with extensive salvage logging following a mountain pine beetle epidemic. Using extensive GPS collaring of female moose (many already collared), as well as biological samples from un-collared moose, the primary objective of the study is to identify causes and rates of cow moose mortality. Working closely with FLNRO biologists we are initially examining use and selection of habitat by radio-collared moose to determine how moose behaviour affects survival. Ultimately, we will examine those factors that appear to separate moose that survive from those that do not. This project is funded by FLNRO. Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment Program (BMAP) I am the lead investigator working with 15 co-investigators from the Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute at UNBC examining the maintenance of ecosystem function throughout the construction and operation of a natural gas pipeline across much of British Columbia. Along with collaborators from the Smithsonian Institute and Archipelago Marine Research the BMAP program is monitoring and evaluating the status and trends of ecological units and habitats within the pipeline's footprint and areas of influence. This research is contributing to the knowledge and understanding of the biodiversity in the region as the project transects through four ecological units (EU): marine, coastal, mountain, and interior. The work is supported by Pacific Trail Pipelines Limited Partnership.

I have broad interests in population and wildlife ecology, modeling, plant-herbivore interactions, and behavioural ecology. Much of my work focuses on the application of quantitative analyses and modeling to aspects of behavioural ecology, and wildlife ecology and management.

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Bridger, M.C., C.J. Johnson, and M.P. Gillingham. 2016. Assessing cumulative impacts of forest development on the distribution of furbearers using expert-based habitat modeling. Ecological Applications 26:499–514. Sittler, K.L, K.L. Parker, and M.P. Gillingham. 2015. Resource separation by Stone's sheep and elk on a landscape of prescribed burns. Journal of Wildlife Management. 79: 591-604. Steenweg, R.W., M.P. Gillingham, K.L. Parker and D.C. Heard. 2015. Considering sampling approaches when determining carnivore diets: theimportance of where, how and when scats are collected. Mammal Research 60:207-216 . (DOI: 10.1007/s13364-015-0222-4). Rea, R.V., O. Hjeljord, and M.P. Gillingham. 2015. Factors influencing the use of willow and birch browse by moose in winter. European Journal of Wildlife Research 61: 231-239 (DOI 10.1007/s10344-014-0891-3). Hanley, T.A., M.P. Gillingham, and K.L. Parker. 2014. Composition of Diets Selected by Sitka Black-tailed Deer on Channel Island, Central Southeast Alaska. Res. Note PNW-RN-XXX. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research Note PNW-RN-570, 23 pp. Sittler, K.L., K.L. Parker , M.P. Gillingham, R.D. Wheate, and D.C. Heard. 2014. Burning for wildlife: effects of prescribed fire. NRESi Research Extension Note Number 9, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC., 18 pp. Hawkshaw, S.C.F, M.P. Gillingham, and M. Shrimpton. 2014. Habitat characteristics affecting occurrence of a fluvial species in a watershed altered by a large reservoir. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 23:383–394. [doi: 10.1111/eff.12092]. Le Saout, S., S. Chollet, S. Chamaillé-Jammes, L. Blanc, S. Padié, T. Verchere, T. Gaston, M. Gillingham, O. Gimenez, K. Parker, D. Picot, H. Verheyden, and J.-L. Martin. 2013. Understanding the paradox of deer persisting at high numbers in heavily browsed habitats. Wildlife Biology20(3):122-135. Gillingham, M.P., 2013. A Review of A Primer of Ecological Statistics (2nd Edition). The American Statistician. 67(4):264. Martin, Jean-Louis, Simon Chollet, and Michael Gillingham. 2013. Odocoileus hemionus (Columbia and Sitka black-tailed deer). In Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International Cadsand, B., M. Gillingham, D. Heard, K. Parker, and G. Mowat. 2013. Potential Effects of Heliskiing on Mountain Goats: Recommendations for Updated Guidelines. NRESi Research Extension Note Number 8, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC., 14 pp. Milakovic, B., K.L. Parker, D.D. Gustine, R.J. Lay, A.B.D. Walker, and M.P. Gillingham. 2012. Seasonal habitat use and selection by grizzly bears in northern British Columbia. Journal of Wildlife Management 76:170-180. Cadsand, B.A., B. Jex, and M.P. Gillingham. 2012. Modified clover trap for capturing goats in northwest British Columbia. Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council 17th Biennial Symposium Proceedings. Witter, L.A., C.J. Johnson, B. Croft, A. Gunn, and M.P. Gillingham. 2011. Behavioural trade-offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies. Journal of Animal Ecology. 81:284-295. Milakovic, B., K.L. Parker, D.D. Gustine, R.J. Lay, A.B.D. Walker, and M.P. Gillingham. 2011. Habitat selection by a focal predator (Canis lupus) in a multi-prey ecosystem of the northern Rockies. Journal of Mammalogy 92: 568-582. Klingenberg, M.D., B.S. Lindgren, M.P. Gillingham, and B.H. Aukema. 2010. Anthropogenic response to an outbreak of mountain pine beetle creates new challenges from Warren root collar weevil. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:566-574. Goddard, A.D., R.D. Dawson, and M.P. Gillingham. 2009. Habitat selection by nesting and brood-rearing sharp-tailed grouse in Northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology. Parker, K.L., P.S. Barboza, and M.P. Gillingham. 2009. Nutrition influences on survival and reproduction of cervids. Functional Ecology 23:57-69. Helle, S., A.L. Fredeen, P.M. Rutherford, G. Halseth, M.P. Gillingham, K. Parker, and H. Massicotte. 2009. Biomass energy in central British Columbia: framing the issues. Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute Occasional Paper No. 4, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, B.C. 35 pp. Psyllakis, J.M. and M.P. Gillingham. 2009. Using forest structure and composition to predict the occurrence of vertebrate species in Douglas-Fir forests of British Columbia. Biological Conservation 142:1427-1441. [doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.008.] Ayotte, J.B., K.L. Parker, and M.P. Gillingham. 2008. Use of natural licks by four ungulate species in north-central British Columbia. Journal of Mammalogy 89:1041-1050. Gillingham, M. P. 2008. Ecology of black-tailed deer in north coast environments. Proceedings of a symposium: Lessons from the Islands: Introduced Species and What They Tell Us About How Ecosystems Work RGIS 2002 Conference, 2-5 October 2002. Gillingham, M.P., and K.L. Parker. 2008. Differential habitat selection by moose and elk in the Besa-Prophet Area of northern British Columbia. Alces 44:41-63. Gillingham, M.P., and K.L. Parker. 2008. The importance of individual variation in defining habitat selection by moose in northern British Columbia. Alces 44: 7-20. Rea, R.V., and M.P. Gillingham. 2008. Effects of plant compensation across sites on regression estimates of shoot biomass and length. Alces 44:21-30.