Flanagan, Larry - University of Lethbridge - Department of Biological Sciences

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University of Lethbridge Department of Biological Sciences
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个人简介

B.Sc. University of Alberta June 1982 M.Sc. University of Alberta October 1984 Ph.D. University of Toronto November 1988 Academic Positions Professor University of Lethbridge 2001-present Associate Professor University of Lethbridge 1997-2001 Associate Professor Carleton University 1995-1997 Assistant Professor Carleton University 1991-1995 Postdoctoral Fellow University of Utah 1988-1991 Visiting Scholar Australian National University 2009 Visiting Scholar UC Berkeley 2004 Adjunct Professor University of Utah 1997-2002 Awards and Fellowships U of L Ingrid Speaker Medal for Distinguished Research 2008 U of L Board of Governors Research Chair 2003-2013 Carleton University Research Achievement Award 1995-1996 NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship 1988-1990 U of T Elizabeth Wintercorbyn Award in Botany 1988 Ontario Graduate Scholarship 1988 NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship 1985-1987

研究领域

The Earth is being influenced by environmental changes such as elevated atmospheric trace gas concentrations and associated shifts in climate. There is much uncertainty about the consequences of these changes for ecosystem function and for potential feedbacks to the climate system. Terrestrial ecosystems, in particular, present a significant problem for analyzing global change because of the great diversity among ecosystems in species composition, physiological properties, physical structure and environmental conditions. A major objective of my research program is to further understand the fundamental processes that occur during terrestrial ecosystem-atmosphere interactions. In my research I make use of tools and technologies from a range of disciplines (plant physiology, ecology, geochemistry and meteorology). I am currently studying ecosystem CO2, water vapor and energy exchange using the eddy covariance technique in grassland and peatland ecosystems in Alberta as part of the Fluxnet-Canada and Ameriflux research networks. These long-term measurement programs contribute in a number of ways to better understand ecosystem response to global environmental change. In collaboration with Canadian colleagues, measurements of ecosystem-level CO2, water and energy exchange at my research sites have been used to test and evaluate the ecosys and CLASS models. Both the ecosys and CLASS models are being used to support studies of carbon accounting and management. In addition, the CLASS model is used as a component in the Canadian Regional and Global Climate models. Interaction and feedback between vegetation and the atmosphere occurs via exchanges of CO2 and H2O gases during photosynthesis, evapo-transpiration, and respiration. On seasonal and annual time scales, changes in the stable isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 result from isotope effects that occur during these ecosystem-atmosphere gas exchange processes. Monitoring shifts in the stable isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 can potentially be used as a tool to study large-scale ecosystem-atmosphere interactions. Such an application requires, however, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms causing the isotope effects. A long-term objective of my research program is to determine the physiological mechanisms causing stable isotope fractionation during photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration at both the leaf and ecosystem levels. We have recently developed a mechanistic, ecosystem-scale model of stable carbon isotope effects that occur during photosynthesis and respiration. This model is currently being applied and tested with empirical measurements made during the Fluxnet-Canada program at several research sites across the country. We have also recently completed a synthesis study involving our stable isotope measurements in Canada in comparison with similar measurements made at Ameriflux sites in the USA. Remote sensing of biophysical properties of the land surface combined with climate data potentially allows calculation and extrapolation of ecological and physiological characteristics of ecosystems to larger spatial scales. The MODIS sensor on the Aqua and Terra satellites launched by NASA collects surface reflectance data and uses this data in conjunction with ecosystem models to calculate a variety of physiological and ecological attributes of ecosystems on a global basis. Testing of the relationships between the reflectance characteristics of vegetation and associated physiological changes is an important aspect of current research being conducted to evaluate the performance and quality of information provided by the MODIS sensor. My grassland research site is one of a select number of research sites chosen for testing and evaluating the MODIS calculations used to convert reflectance measurements into ecosystem physiological and ecological information. Peatland ecosystems are very tightly coupled to climate and the hydrological cycle, and are very susceptible to the effects of climate change. Relatively small changes in soil moisture and temperature can dramatically alter carbon cycling in peatlands. For example, warmer temperatures and a lowering of the water table may increase the release of CO2 and convert these ecosystems from a net sink to a net source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Shifts in the water table may also influence the production and release of methane to the atmosphere. I have initiated studies of the controls on methane exchange to complement my on-going studies of CO2 and water vapor exchange in peatlands in northern Alberta.

近期论文

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Flanagan, L.B., E.J. Sharp, J.A. Gamon. 2014. Canopy light absorption and the light-use efficiency model of photosynthesis in a northern Great Plains grassland. Remote Sensing of Environment Xia, J., Y. Luo, S. Niu, P. Ciais, I. Janssens, J. Chen, C. Ammann, P.D. Blanken, A. Cescatti, D. Bonal, N. Buchmann, P.S. Curtis, S. Chen, J. Dong, L.B. Flanagan, C. Frankenberg, T. Georgiadis, C.M Gough, D. Hui, G. Kiely, J. Li, M. Lind, V. Magliulo, B. Marcolla, L. Merbold, L. Montagnani, E. Moors, J.E. Olesen, S. Piao, A. Raschi, O. Roupsard, A. Suyker, M. Urbaniak, F. Vaccari, A. Varlagi, T. Vesala, M. Wilkinson, E. Weng, G. Wohlfahrt, L. Yan. 2014. Joint control of annual terrestrial carbon uptake by plant phenology and physiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. Petrescu, A.M.R, A. Lohila, D. Baldocchi, A.R. Desai, T. Vesala, W.C. Oechel, N. Roulet, T. Friborg, A.J. Dolman, J. Rinne, J. Hatala Matthes, L. Merbold, A. Meijide, B. Marcolla, G. Kiely, M. Sottocornola, T. Sachs, D. Zona, A. Varlagin, D.Y.F. Lai, E. Veenendaal, F.J.W. Parmentier, J.P. Tuovinen, U. Skiba, M. Lund, A. Henson, J. van Huissteden, L.B. Flanagan, N. Shurpali, T. Grunwald, E. Humphreys, M. Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. Aurela, T. Laurila, C. Gruning, C.A.R. Corradi, A.P. Schrier-Uijl, T.R. Christensen, M.P. Tamstorf, M. Mastepanov, P. Martikainen, S.B. Verma, A. Cescatti. 2014. Carbon sink and methane source: the two-faced nature of wetlands under anthropogenic perturbation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. Kross, A.S.E., N.T. Roulet, T.R. Moore, P.M. Lafleur, E.R. Humphreys, J.W. Seaquist, L.B. Flanagan, M.Aurela. 2014. Phenology and its role in carbon dioxide exchange processes in northern peatlands. Journal of Geophysical Research (Biogeosciences) 119: 1370-1384, doi:10.1002/2014JG002666 Flanagan, L.B., G.D. Farquhar. 2014. Variation in the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of plant biomass and its relationship to water-use efficiency at the leaf- and ecosystem-scales in a northern Great Plains grassland. Plant Cell and Environment 37: 425-438 Flanagan, L.B., E.J. Sharp, M.G. Letts. 2013. Response of plant biomass and soil respiration to experimental warming and precipitation manipulation in a northern Great Plains grassland. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 173: 40-52 Peichl, M., O. Sonnentag, G. Wohlfahrt, L.B. Flanagan, D.D. Baldocchi, G. Kiely, M. Galvagno, D. Gianelle, B. Marcolla, C. Pio, M. Migliavacca, M.B. Jones, M. Saunders. 2013. Convergence of potential net ecosystem production among contrasting C3 grasslands. Ecology Letters 16: 502-512 Chen, B., N.C. Coops, D. Fu, H.A. Margolis, B.D. Amiro, T.A. Black, M.A. Arrain, A.G. Barr, C.P.A. Bourque, L.B. Flanagan, P.M. Lafleur, J.H. McCaughey, S.C. Wofsy. 2012. Characterizing spatial representativeness of flux tower eddy-covariance measurements across the Canadian Carbon Program Network using remote sensing and footprint analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 124: 742-755 Andrews, S.F., L.B. Flanagan, E.J. Sharp, T. Cai. 2012. Variation in water potential, hydraulic characteristics and water source use in montane Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine trees in southwestern Alberta and consequences for seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity. Tree Physiology 32: 146-160, doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpr136 Sulman, B.N., A.R. Desai, N.M. Schroeder, D. Ricciuto, A. Barr, A. Richardson, D. Hollinger, L.B. Flanagan, P.M. Lafleur, H. Tian, G. Chen, R.F. Grant, B. Poulter, H. Verbeeck, P. Ciais, P. Peylin, B. Ringeval, I.T. Baker, K. Schaefer, Y. Luo, E. Weng. 2012. Impact of hydrological variations on modeling of peatland CO2 fluxes: results of the North American Carbon Program site synthesis. Journal of Geophysical Research (Biogeosciences) 117, G01031, doi: 10.1029/2011JG001862. Brümmer, C., T. A. Black, R.S. Jassal, N.J. Grant, D.L. Spittlehouse, B. Chen, Z. Nesic, B.D. Amiro, M.A. Arain, A.G. Barr, C.P.-A. Bourque, C. Coursolle, A.L. Dunn, L.B. Flanagan, E.R. Humphreys, P.M. Lafleur, H.A. Margolis, J. H. McCaughey, S.C. Wofsy. 2012. How climate and vegetation type influence evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in Canadian forest, peatland and grassland ecosystems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 153: 14-30, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.04.008 Flanagan, L.B., T. Cai, T.A. Black, A.G. Barr, J.H. McCaughey, H.A. Margolis. 2012. Measuring and modeling ecosystem photosynthesis and the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem-respired CO2 in three boreal coniferous forests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 153: 165-176,doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.03.001 Ryu, Y., D.D. Baldocchi, T.A. Black, M. Detto, B.E. Law, R. Leuning, A. Miyata, M. Reichstein, R. Vargas, C. Ammann, J. Beringer, L.B. Flanagan, L. Gu, L.B. Hutley, J. Kim, H. McCaughey, E.J. Moors, S. Rambal, T. Vesala. 2012. On the temporal upscaling of evapotranspiration from instantaneous remote sensing measurements to 8-day mean daily-sums. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology152: 212-222, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.010 Dietze, M.C., R. Vargas, A.D. Richardson, P.C. Stoy, A.G. Barr, R.S. Anderson, M.A. Arain, I.T. Baker, T.A. Black, J.M. Chen, P. Ciais, L.B. Flanagan, C.M. Gough, R.F. Grant, D. Hollinger, R.C. Izaurralde, C.J. Kucharik, P. Lafleur, S. Liu, E. Lokupitiya, Y. Luo, J.W. Munger, C. Peng, B. Poulter, D.T. Price, D.M. Ricciuto, W.J. Riley, A.K. Sahoo, K. Schaefer, A.E. Suyker, H. Tian, C. Tonitto, H. Verbeeck, S.B. Verma, W. Wang, E. Weng. 2011. Characterizing the performance of ecosystem models across time scales: A spectral analysis of the North American Carbon Program site-level synthesis. Journal of Geophysical Research (Biogeosciences) 116, G04029, doi: 10.1029/2011JG001661. Hanesiak, J.M.,R.E. Stewart, B.R. Bonsal (and 39 other authors including L.B. Flanagan). 2011. Characterization and summary of the 1999-2005 Canadian prairie drought. Atmosphere-Ocean 49: 421-452. Flanagan, L.B., A.C. Adkinson. 2011. Interacting controls on productivity in a northern Great Plains grassland and implications for response to ENSO events. Global Change Biology 17: 3293-3311 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02461.x Flanagan, L.B., K.H. Syed. 2011. Stimulation of both photosynthesis and respiration in response to warmer and drier conditions in a boreal peatland ecosystem. Global Change Biology 17: 2271-2287, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02378.x Adkinson, A.C., K.H. Syed, L.B. Flanagan. 2011. Contrasting responses of ecosystem CO2 exchange to variation in temperature and water table depth in two peatlands in northern Alberta, Canada.Journal of Geophysical Research (Biogeosciences) 116, G01004, doi: 10.1029/2010JG001512. Chen, B., N.C. Coops, H.A. Margolis, B.D. Amiro, A.G. Barr, T.A. Black, M.A. Arrain, C.P.A. Bourque, L.B. Flanagan, P.M. Lafleur, J.H. McCaughey, S.C. Wofsy. 2011. Assessing eddy-covariance flux tower location bias across the Fluxnet-Canada Research Network based on remote sensing and footprint climatology modeling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151: 87-100, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.005 Coburn, C.A., E. Van Gaalen, D.R. Peddle, L.B. Flanagan. 2010. Anisotropic reflectance effects on the sensitivity of spectral indices for estimating ecophysiological parameters using a portable goniometer system. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 36: S355-S364. Gamon, J.A., C. Coburn, L.B. Flanagan, K.F. Huemmrich, C. Kiddle, G.A. Sanchez-Azofeifa, D. Thayer, L. Vescovo, D. Gianelle, D. Sims, A.F. Rahman, G. Zonta-Pastorello. 2010. SpecNet Revisited: Bridging flux and remote sensing communities. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 36: S376-S390

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