Hallgrimsson, Benedikt - University of Calgary - Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy

个人简介

Benedikt Hallgrímsson was born in Reykjavík, Iceland and completed his studies at the University of Alberta and The University of Chicago. He is a biological anthropologist and evolutionary biologist who combines developmental genetics and bioinformatics with 3D imaging and morphometrics to address the developmental basis as well as evolutionary significance of phenotypic variation and variability. His work has focused on the mammalian craniofacial complex, craniofacial dysmorphology in humans, and skeletal biology and disease and has employed both experimental and comparative approaches.

研究领域

Evolutionary developmental biology of the skull Through a combination of mouse and chick based studies of both embryos and post-natal orgamisms, we are interested in studying the evolutionary developmental biology of the skull to discover the genetic and develomental processes that cause organisms to look different from one another.. This involves studying form and the underlying developmental mechanisms that interact with each other and with functional constraints to produce a phenotype. Heather Jamniczky collaborates with exploring other vertebrate models such as threespine sticklebacks. For more information, please visit http://people.ucalgary.ca/~hajamnic. Bone imaging and bone disease The lab uses various mice models, including mice from the Collaborative Cross, to investigate the factors that lead to diseases such as osteroarthritis and osteoporosis. This involves looking at bone microstructure in combination with bone breakage to investigate bone strength in long bones, and also investigating the relationship between bone shape and strength. Genetics of Normal Facial Variation One project in the lab focuses on increasing our understanding of normal facial variation. The lab is part of the Facebase Consortium and is invovled with the study of normal facial variation. We have taken multiple trips to work with collaborators in Mwanza, Tanzania to collect 3d images, DNA, and anthropometric measures from children there. The goal is quantify the extent and direction of facial variation in this sample and then to link this variation with genetic variants via a GWAS. Below is a link to the automated landmarking software developed by Washington Mio`s group, hosted on the FaceBase hub. This software is written for Matlab, but will run on both Macs and PCs. Washington Mio`s Automated Landmarking Tool Cleft Lip and Palate One project in the lab is understanding the role of shape in the development of cleft lip and palate. The lab has used several murine based models to investigate the role of both shape and variation of shape in the process of fusion of the facial primorida. Previously, the lab has worked extensively on facial variation in the A strain mouse lines, including the A/WySn mouse, a mouse with a mutation in the Wnt9b gene. Approximately, 20- 30% of these mice are born with a cleft lip. In addition to partially penetrant mouse lines, the lab is also collaborating to investigate the shape differences that are present in a mouse line with a fully penetrant bilateral cleft lip and palate and to understand how these variances in shape affect the ability of the lip to form normally. Additionally, we are interested in how genetic variation affects phenotypic variation and developing an understanding of the control of variation in the face. Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Growth Several ongoing research projects, involving humans and mouse models, are focused on analysing the environmental and genetic determinants of growth. One project involves studying environmental and socioeconomic factors that affect the growth of a large sample of schoolchildren in Tanzania. We hope to identify factors that contribute to stunting and delayed growth that will likely be applicable across human populations. Other projects involve mice models such as GHRHR mice to directly identify causative factors influencing growth.

近期论文

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Hallgrímsson, B. and S.M. Swartz. (1995). Biomechanical adaptation in the cross-sectional morphology of hylobatid ulnae. Journal of Morphology: 224: 111-123 Musiba, C., R.H. Tuttle, B. Hallgrímsson, and D.M. Webb. (1997) Swift and Sure-footed on the Savanna: A Study of Hadzabe Gaits and Feet in Northern Tanzania. American Journal of Human Biology vol. 9: 303-321 Hallgrímsson, B. (1998) Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Mammalian Skeleton: Evolutionary and Ontogenetic Implications. Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 30: 187-251 Blom, D.E., B. Hallgrímsson, B., L. Keng, M.C. Lozada, J.E. Buikstra. (1998). Tiwanaku 'colonization': bioarchaeological implications for migration in the Moquegua Valley, Peru. World Archaeology, 30(2):238-261 Hallgrímsson, B. (1999). Ontogenetic Patterning of Skeletal Fluctuating Asymmetry in Rhesus Macaques and Humans: Evolutionary and Developmental Implications International Journal of Primatology, 20(1): 121-151 Hallgrímsson, B. and V. Maiorana. (2000) Variability and Size in Mammals and Birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 70(4): 571-595 Hallgrímsson, B., K. Wilmore*, and B.K.H. Hall. (2002). Canalization, Developmental Stability, and Morphological Integration in Primate Limbs American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Yearbook) S 45: 131-158 Hallgrímsson, B. T. Miyake, K. Wilmore*, and B.K.H. Hall. (2003). The Embryological Origins of Developmental Stability: Size, Shape and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Prenatal Random Bred Mice. Journal of Experimental Zoology (MDE), 296B:40-57 Doschak, M.R., D.M.L. Cooper*, C.N. Huculak, J.R. Matyas, D.A. Hart, B. Hallgrímsson, R.F. Zernicke, and R.C. Bray (2003) Angiogenesis in the Distal Femoral Chondroepiphysis Of the Rabbit During Development Of The Secondary Centre Of Ossification. Journal of Anatomy 203:223-233 Ford-Hutchinson, A., D.M.L. Cooper*, B. Hallgrímsson, and F. R. Jirik. (2003). Imaging skeletal pathology in mutant mice by microcomputed tomography. Journal of Rheumatology. Vol. 30: 2659-2665 Cooper*, D.M.L., A.L. Turinsky, C.W. Sensen, and B. Hallgrímsson. (2003). Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Canal Network in Cortical Bone by Micro-Computed Tomography. Anatomical Record. 274B:169-179 Hallgrímsson, B., Ó Donnabhain, J.F., Guðmundsson, B.*, Guðbjartsson, D,F., Stefánsson, K.. (2004). The Composition of the Founding Population of Iceland: Biological Distance and Morphological Variation in Early Historic Atlantic Europe. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 124: 257-274 Dunbar, D.C., G.L. Badam, B. Hallgrímsson and S. Vieilledent. (2004). Stabilization and Mobility of the Head and Trunk in Wild Monkeys during Terrestrial and Flat-Surface Walks and Gallops. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207(6):1027-1042 Cooper*, D.M.L., J.R. Matyas, M.A. Katzenberg, and B. Hallgrímsson, (2004). Morphometric Analysis of Cortical Bone Porosity: Comparison of Micro-Computed Tomography and Microradiography. Calcified Tissue International 74(5): 437-447 Hallgrímsson, B. K. Willmore, C. Dorval* and D.M.L. Cooper*. (2004). Craniofacial Variability and Modularity in Macaques and Mice. Journal of Experimental Zoology (MDE) 302B: 207-225 Lozanoff, S., S. Doll, B. Hallgrímsson, and E. Neufeld. (2004). Prenatal growth of the interorbital septum in Macaca mulatta. Annals of Anatomy, 186(5-6): 435-442 Hallgrímsson, B. C.J. Dorval*, M.L. Zelditch, and R.Z. German, (2004). Craniofacial Variability and Morphological Integration in Mice Susceptible to Cleft Lip and Palate. Journal of Anatomy, 205(6): 501-517 Ford-Hutchinson, A.F., Z. Ali, R.A. Seerattan, D.M.L. Cooper*, B. Hallgrímsson, P.T. Salo, F.R Jirik, (2005) Premature degenerative joint disease of the knee in mice lacking phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate synthase 2 activity (Papss2): a model of human PAPSS2 deficiency? Osteoarthritis and Cartilage13(5): 418-25 19. Hallgrímsson, B., Ó Donnabhain, D.E. Blom, M.C. Lozada J.F., and K. Willmore*. (2005). Why Are Rare Traits Unilaterally Expressed? Trait Frequency and Unilateral Expression for Cranial Non-Metric Traits in Humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 128 (1): 14-25 Willmore*, K.E., C.P. Klingenberg, and B. Hallgrímsson (2005). Congruence Of Fluctuating Asymmetry and Environmental Variance In Rhesus Macaque Skulls. Evolution. 59(4): 898-909