Haywood-Small, Sarah - Sheffield Hallam University - Department of Biosciences and Chemistry

研究领域

Flow Cytometry Flow cytometry is a means of measuring certain physical and chemical characteristics of cells as they travel in suspension one by one past a sensing point. The modern flow cytometer consists of a light source, collection optics, electronics and a computer to translate signals to data. We can measure physical characteristics such as cell size, shape and internal complexity. Any cell component or function that can be detected by a fluorescent compound can be examined. As the applications of flow cytometry are numerous, this has led to the widespread use of these instruments in the biological and medical fields. In addition, many flow cytometers have the ability to sort or physically separate, particles of interest from a sample, which can be particularly useful. In the laboratory, I can be found isolating cells for functional studies oranalysing up to 10 colours simultaneously with advanced optical design on our new Gallios™Flow Cytometer (Beckman Coulter). Cellular interactions and Immunoregulation in Cancer My principal research interests involve cellular interactions and immunoregulation; especially the importance of these mechanisms in cancer. Cellular Signalling in Cancer - Evading programmed cell death and/or overriding cell cycle control mechanisms remain key iconic features of cancer. Research over the past decade has greatly increased our understanding of non-apoptotic programmed cell death events, such as necrosis and cell death with autophagy. It is becoming clear that an intricate effector network connects many of these classical and non-classical death pathways. My primary research interest is to examine these pathways, as well as to exploit this newly gained knowledge to provide therapeutics for cancer. Insights into the immunogenicity of dying cells – It is unlikely that an anti-cancer therapy will kill every single cancer cell. For this reason, it is advantageous to generate an immunogenic cell death response, which would activate a dynamic immune response against the tumour. Functionally suppressive, naturally-occurring CD4+CD25high regulatory T (Treg) cells are elevated in the circulation and tumours of patients with cancer. Although these cells present a significant barrier to the development of protective anti-tumour immunity, the mechanisms which tumours use to influence the prevalence and function of Treg cells remain unclear. My research is providing further insight into the role of cell death mechanisms on Treg cells and endogenous immunoregulatory mechanisms. It is expected that this insight will support the development of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches. Cancer stem cells – Recent findings support the concept that cells with the properties of stem cells are integral to the development and perpetuation of several forms of human cancer. Eradication of the stem-cell compartment of a tumour also may be essential to achieve stable, long-lasting remission, and even a cure, of cancer. An important part of my research involvescharacterising cancer stem cells, in terms of their functionality within the tumourmicroenvironment and the identification of reliable cancer stem cell markers.

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ZAINI, R, HAYWOOD-SMALL, S, CROSS, Neil and LE MAITRE, Christine (2015). Differential interactions of Falcarinol combined with anti-tumour agents on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in human lymphoid leukaemia cell lines. Journal of Blood Disorders and Transfusion, 6 (2). DOHERTY, R.E., HAYWOOD-SMALL, Sarah, SISLEY, K. and CROSS, Neil (2011). Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity selects for the holoclone phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 414 (4), 801-807. MAHBUB, A.A., LE MAITRE, C.L., HAYWOOD-SMALL, S.L., CROSS, N.A. and JORDAN-MAHY, N. (2015). Glutathione is key to the synergistic enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide by polyphenols in leukaemia cell lines. Cell Death and Disease, 6, e2028. MAHBUB, A A, LE MAITRE, Christine, HAYWOOD-SMALL, Sarah, CROSS, N A and JORDAN-MAHY, Nikki (2015). Polyphenols act synergistically with doxorubicin and etoposide in leukaemia cell lines. Cell Death Discovery, 1, p. 15043. MAHBUB, A.A., LE MAITRE, C.L., HAYWOOD-SMALL, S.L., CROSS, N.A. and JORDAN-MAHY, N. (2015). Polyphenols act synergistically with doxorubicin and etoposide in leukaemia cell lines. Cell Death Discovery, 1 (15043), 1-12. ZAINI, R, HAYWOOD-SMALL, S, CROSS, Neil and LE MAITRE, Christine (2015). Differential interactions of Falcarinol combined with anti-tumour agents on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in human lymphoid leukaemia cell lines. Journal of Blood Disorders and Transfusion, 6 (2). MAHBUB, Amani A, LE MAITRE, Christine, HAYWOOD-SMALL, Sarah, MCDOUGALL, Gordon J, CROSS, Neil and JORDAN-MAHY, N. (2013). Differential effects of polyphenols on proliferation and apoptosis in human myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry, 13 (10), 1601-1613.