个人简介

Professor, born 1946; B. S. University of Washington (1968); M. S. Cornell University (1970); Ph. D. Cornell University (1974); Helen Hay Whitney Fellow, Yale University (1974-76); Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (1979-81); Member, American Optical Society, American Society for Photobiology, and AAAS; Harold Lamport Award from the New York Academy of Sciences (1983); American Society for Photobiology Research Award (1989); Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis Award (1998); A.D. Little Lecturer, M.I.T. (1998); Association for Laboratory Automation 2001 Research Award; Fellow, Optical Society of America (2004); Ellis R. Lippincott Award (2004); Fellow, Royal Society of Chemistry (2005).

研究领域

Biophysical, Bioanalytical and Physical Chemistry — Laser spectroscopy is used to study excited-state reaction dynamics in photoactive proteins and to develop novel microfabricated chemical and biochemical analysis devices. Professor Mathies’ has two research groups that are based on modern optical laser spectroscopic techniques. The “Raman Group” uses resonance Raman spectroscopy, femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, and the new technique called Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) to study chemical and biological reaction dynamics with a focus on the mechanism of photoactive proteins that mediate information and energy transduction. The “DNA/Microchip Group” exploits the sensitivity of laser excited fluorescence detection to develop high-performance microfabricated chemical and biochemical analysis methods and “lab-on-a-chip” apparatus. Excited-State Structure and Reaction Dynamics. Determining the structural dynamics of a molecule as it reacts is the key to understanding chemical reaction dynamics. While femtosecond electronic spectroscopy teaches us much about the kinetics of the electronic states involved, it is typically silent on the structure and structural evolution of the reacting species. Resonance Raman spectroscopy provides a powerful window on the structural dynamics of reacting molecules. The quantitative analysis of resonance Raman vibrational scattering intensities tells us about the excited-state structure and femtosecond reaction dynamics on the 0-50 fs time-scale. To extend these limits, we have recently developed the new time-resolved structural technique called Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSFS) that provides high resolution vibrational spectra with unprecedented <50 fs time resolution. This method allows us, for the first time, to obtain vibrational structural spectra of molecules in the transition state as they react. These techniques are being used to study the photochemistry and photophysics of polyenes, retinals and retinal-containing pigments, and many other types of photochemically active systems exemplified by the visual pigment rhodopsin. Photochemistry of Vision. Visual excitation begins when a photon is absorbed by the 11-cis retinal chromophore in the visual pigment rhodopsin. The amazingly fast (200 fs) photoisomerization of retinal to the all-trans configuration drives conformational changes in the surrounding protein that excite the retinal rod cell. We are using a variety of low-temperature and ps-fs time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to determine how the excited-state isomerization occurs, how the protein catalyzes this process, how chromophore isomerization drives subsequent activating protein conformational changes on the ps-ns time scale, and how the protein controls the wavelength of maximum absorbance of visual pigments. Current projects include the use of site-specific mutants of rhodopsin coupled with FSRS studies of the reaction dynamics to understand the role of the protein in catalyzing this fast and efficient isomerization and energy conversion. We are also interested in understanding the photochemical mechanism of other light-sensing proteins such as phytochrome (a light sensor in plants) and bacteriorhodopsin (a light-driven proton pump found in halophilic bacteria. Microfabricated Bioanalysis Systems and Genomics We are working on the development of new analysis technologies that will advance genome sequencing, polymorphism characterization, proteomics and health care diagnostics. Toward this end we developed the first Capillary Array Electrophoresis instruments and the energy transfer dye label concepts that were used in the sequencing of the Human Genome. Our approach is to exploit miniaturization of chemical and biochemical analysis along with high-sensitivity fluorescence detection to produce integrated microfabricated lab-on-a-chip microanalysis systems. We are now going beyond the traditional lab-on-a-chip concept to the development of chemical and biochemical microprocessors. We have developed microphotolithographic methods for fabricating capillary electrophoresis systems on glass substrates or chips and the development of methods for DNA sample preparation on these devices. The advantages of these devices are that very small amounts of sample are needed, the electrophoretic separations are 10-100 times faster than conventional techniques, and miniaturization permits the fabrication of massively parallel analysis devices. Photolithographic CE systems have been fabricated and used to perform high speed DNA fragment analyses, PCR fragment sizing and DNA sequencing. Methods have also been developed for fabricating CAE chips with from 96 to 384 capillaries that are capable of analyzing large numbers of samples in parallel. We have also developed methods for integrating PCR-based sample preparation on these chips to make the first miniaturized DNA analysis bioprocessors. Future work will focus on the fabrication and operation of more complex DNA sample preparation and analysis systems including valves, vents, reactors, pumps etc. to perform nanoliter chemistries that would not be feasible or practical in a conventional macroscopic laboratory. Examples include the development of chips to evolve selected RNA populations automatically, the development of ultra-high gain cascaded PCR reactors, chips to perform analysis of single cell genetics and expression, the development of chip-based logic circuits using DNA as the information carrier in microfluidic channel "wires", the development of microchemical and biochemical analysis devices to explore for chemical signs of extraterrestrial life, and the development of portable clinical health care monitors.

Biophysical, Bioanalytical and Physical Chemistry — Laser spectroscopy is used to study excited-state reaction dynamics in photoactive proteins and to develop novel microfabricated chemical and biochemical analysis devices. Professor Mathies’ has two research groups that are based on modern optical laser spectroscopic techniques. The “Raman Group” uses resonance Raman spectroscopy, femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, and the new technique called Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) to study chemical and biological reaction dynamics with a focus on the mechanism of photoactive proteins that mediate information and energy transduction. The “DNA/Microchip Group” exploits the sensitivity of laser excited fluorescence detection to develop high-performance microfabricated chemical and biochemical analysis methods and “lab-on-a-chip” apparatus. Excited-State Structure and Reaction Dynamics. Determining the structural dynamics of a molecule as it reacts is the key to understanding chemical reaction dynamics. While femtosecond electronic spectroscopy teaches us much about the kinetics of the electronic states involved, it is typically silent on the structure and structural evolution of the reacting species. Resonance Raman spectroscopy provides a powerful window on the structural dynamics of reacting molecules. The quantitative analysis of resonance Raman vibrational scattering intensities tells us about the excited-state structure and femtosecond reaction dynamics on the 0-50 fs time-scale. To extend these limits, we have recently developed the new time-resolved structural technique called Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSFS) that provides high resolution vibrational spectra with unprecedented <50 fs time resolution. This method allows us, for the first time, to obtain vibrational structural spectra of molecules in the transition state as they react. These techniques are being used to study the photochemistry and photophysics of polyenes, retinals and retinal-containing pigments, and many other types of photochemically active systems exemplified by the visual pigment rhodopsin. Photochemistry of Vision. Visual excitation begins when a photon is absorbed by the 11-cis retinal chromophore in the visual pigment rhodopsin. The amazingly fast (200 fs) photoisomerization of retinal to the all-trans configuration drives conformational changes in the surrounding protein that excite the retinal rod cell. We are using a variety of low-temperature and ps-fs time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to determine how the excited-state isomerization occurs, how the protein catalyzes this process, how chromophore isomerization drives subsequent activating protein conformational changes on the ps-ns time scale, and how the protein controls the wavelength of maximum absorbance of visual pigments. Current projects include the use of site-specific mutants of rhodopsin coupled with FSRS studies of the reaction dynamics to understand the role of the protein in catalyzing this fast and efficient isomerization and energy conversion. We are also interested in understanding the photochemical mechanism of other light-sensing proteins such as phytochrome (a light sensor in plants) and bacteriorhodopsin (a light-driven proton pump found in halophilic bacteria.

近期论文

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Functional integration of PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis in a microfabricated DNA analysis device; AT Woolley, D Hadley, P Landre, AJ deMello, RA Mathies, MA Northrup; Analytical Chemistry 68 (23), 4081-4086 Ultra-high-speed DNA fragment separations using microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis chips; AT Woolley, RA Mathies; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91 (24), 11348-11352 The first step in vision: femtosecond isomerization of rhodopsin; RW Schoenlein, LA Peteanu, RA Mathies, CV Shank; Science 254 (5030), 412-415 Ultra-high-speed DNA sequencing using capillary electrophoresis chips; AT Woolley, RA Mathies; Analytical chemistry 67 (20), 3676-3680 Stable fluorescent complexes of double-stranded DNA with bis-intercalating asymmetric cyanine dyes: properties and applications; HS Rye, S Yue, DE Wemmer, MA Quesada, RP Haugland, RA Mathies, ...; Nucleic acids research 20 (11), 2803-2812 Capillary electrophoresis chips with integrated electrochemical detection; AT Woolley, K Lao, AN Glazer, RA Mathies; Analytical Chemistry 70 (4), 684-688 Single-molecule DNA amplification and analysis in an integrated microfluidic device; ET Lagally, I Medintz, RA Mathies; Analytical chemistry 73 (3), 565-570 Vibrationally coherent photochemistry in the femtosecond primary event of vision; Q Wang, RW Schoenlein, LA Peteanu, RA Mathies, CV Shank; SCIENCE-NEW YORK THEN WASHINGTON-, 422-422 From femtoseconds to biology: mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin’s light-driven proton pump; RA Mathies; Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical Sciences 103 (3), 283-293 Direct observation of the femtosecond excited-state cis-trans isomerization in bacteriorhodopsin; RA Mathies, CHB Cruz, WT Pollard, CV Shank; Science 240 (4853), 777-779 Monolithic membrane valves and diaphragm pumps for practical large-scale integration into glass microfluidic devices; WH Grover, AM Skelley, CN Liu, ET Lagally, RA Mathies; Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 89 (3), 315-323 High-speed DNA genotyping using microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis chips; AT Woolley, GF Sensabaugh, RA Mathies; Analytical Chemistry 69 (11), 2181-2186 Monolithic integrated microfluidic DNA amplification and capillary electrophoresis analysis system; ET Lagally, PC Simpson, RA Mathies; Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 63 (3), 138-146 Fully integrated PCR-capillary electrophoresis microsystem for DNA analysis; ET Lagally, CA Emrich, RA Mathies; Lab on a Chip 1 (2), 102-107 Radial capillary array electrophoresis microplate and scanner for high-performance nucleic acid analysis; Y Shi, PC Simpson, JR Scherer, D Wexler, C Skibola, MT Smith, ...; Analytical Chemistry 71 (23), 5354-5361 Fluorescence energy transfer dye-labeled primers for DNA sequencing and analysis; J Ju, C Ruan, CW Fuller, AN Glazer, RA Mathies; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92 (10), 4347-4351 Structural observation of the primary isomerization in vision with femtosecond-stimulated Raman; P Kukura, DW McCamant, S Yoon, DB Wandschneider, RA Mathies; Science 310 (5750), 1006-1009 DNA sequencing using capillary array electrophoresis; XC Huang, MA Quesada, RA Mathies; Analytical chemistry 64 (18), 2149-2154 High-throughput genetic analysis using microfabricated 96-sample capillary array electrophoresis microplates; PC Simpson, D Roach, AT Woolley, T Thorsen, R Johnston, ...; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95 (5), 2256-2261 Microfabricated 384-lane capillary array electrophoresis bioanalyzer for ultrahigh-throughput genetic analysis; CA Emrich, H Tian, IL Medintz, RA Mathies; Analytical Chemistry 74 (19), 5076-5083