Carr, Martin - Huddersfield University - Department of Biological Sciences

个人简介

I studied Biochemistry and Genetics and then gained a PhD in population genetics at the University of Nottingham. My PhD work led to a long-term interest in transposable elements (a diverse group of genetic parasites found in most organisms). My postdoctoral career took me to the Natural History Museum, London, UCL, York and Leeds, during which time I developed an interest in reconstructing the branching of the Eukaryotic Tree of Life. My main interest is in the eukaryotic supergroup Opisthokonta, which contains the animals, fungi and their single-celled relatives. In particular, I study a group of aquatic protists called the choanoflagellates, which I recently showed to be the sister-group of the animals. This work has yielded important findings on how animals evolved from their unicellular ancestors. Through international collaborations I am currently working on various aspects of opisthokont genomics. During my time at the Universities of York and Leeds I lectured on bioinformatics, phylogenetics and population genetics. I am a member of the Genetics Society and the British Society of Protist Biology (BSPB). Since 2009 I have been a committee member of the BSPB and I am currently the Society Treasurer.

研究领域

Protist evolution and the origin of animals. My focus is predominantly centred on the opisthokonts (the close relatives of animals and fungi). I am currently working on the evolution of the choanoflagellates, the unicellular sister-group of the animals, by using phylogenetic analyses to trace the evolution of morphological, ecological and genomic traits. The work also provides insights into the last common ancestor of the choanoflagellates and animals.  I am particularly interested in the evolution of sexual reproduction and freshwater/marine transitions within protists. My research also covers the origin of multicellularity in animals and metabolic differences between the choanoflagellates and animals. Eukaryotic Evolution Group webpage   Genome evolution and the population genetics of transposable elements.   I am interested in numerous aspects of eukaryotic transposable elements. My main interest is in understanding the evolution of transposable elements in protists, since theory predicts that they should evolve in a different fashion to the multicellular eukaryotes. I am currently studying a taxonomically broad set of unicellular organisms to identify trends in the population dynamics of their transposable elements. I also use whole genome analyses to study the importance of horizontal transfer (in a manner analogous to the transmission of HIV from chimpanzees to humans) in the continued existence of transposable elements in eukaryotic populations.

近期论文

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Carr, M (2015) ‘Report of the 2015 British Society for Protist Biology Spring Meeting’ European Journal of Protistology , 51 (5), pp. 507-508. ISSN 09324739 Jump, A., Carr, M., Ahrends, A. and Marchant, R. (2014) ‘Genetic Divergence During Long-term Isolation in Highly Diverse Populations of Tropical Trees Across the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania’ Biotropica , 46 (5), pp. 565-574. ISSN 00063606 Carr, M. and Suga, H. (2014) ‘The holozoan Capsaspora owczarzaki possesses a diverse complement of active transposable element families’ Genome Biology and Evolution . ISSN 1759-6653 Atkinson, G., Kuzmenko, A., Chicherin, I., Soosaar, A., Tenson, T., Carr, M., Kamenski, P. and Hauryliuk, V. (2014) ‘An evolutionary ratchet leading to loss of elongation factors in eukaryotes’ BMC Evolutionary Biology , 14 (1), p. 35. ISSN 1471-2148 Costa, M., Pereira, J., Pala, M., Fernandes, V., Olivien, A., Achilli, A., Perego, U., Rychkov, S., Naumova, O., Hatina, J., Woodward, S., Eng, K., Macaulay, V., Carr, M., Soares, P., Pereira, L. and Richards, M. (2013) ‘A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages’ Nature Communications , 4 (2543). ISSN 2041-1723 Suga, H., Chen, Z., de Mendoza, A., Sebé-Pedrós, A., Brown, M., Kramer, E., Carr, M., Kerner, P., Vervoort, M., Sánchez-Pons, N., Torruella, G., Derelle, R., Manning, G., Lang, B., Russ, C., Haas, B., Roger, A., Nusbaum, C. and Ruiz-Trillo, I. (2013) ‘The Capsaspora genome reveals a complex unicellular prehistory of animals’ Nature Communications , 4, pp. 1-9. ISSN 2041-1723 Mellars, P., Gori, K., Carr, M., Soares, P. and Richards, M. (2013) ‘Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 110 (26), pp. 10699-10704. ISSN 0027-8424 Baldauf, S., Romeralo, M. and Carr, M. (2013) ‘The Evolutionary Origin of Animals and Fungi’. In: Evolution from the Galapagos: Two Centuries after Darwin. : Springer. pp. 73-106. ISBN 9781461467328 Carr, M., Bensasson, D. and Bergman, C. (2012) ‘Evolutionary genomics of transposable elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae’ PLoS ONE , 7 (11), p. e50978. ISSN 1932-6203 Nitsche, F., Carr, M., Arndt, H. and Leadbeater, B. (2011) ‘Higher Level Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogenetics of the Choanoflagellatea’ Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , 58 (5), pp. 452-462. ISSN 10665234 Carr, M. and Baldauf, S. (2011) ‘The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi’. In: Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms. London: Springer. pp. 3-24. ISBN 978-3-642-19973-8 Kotrba, M., Balke, M. and Carr, M. (2010) ‘The systematic position of Diopsina Curran, 1928 (Diptera: Diopsidae) inferred from DNA sequence data’ Insect Systematicsand Evolution , 41 (3), pp. 295-302. ISSN 1399-560X Carr, M., Mayhew, P. and Young, J. (2010) ‘Phylogeny of bethylid wasps (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) inferred from 28S and 16S rRNA genes’ Insect Systematics and Evolution , 41 (1), pp. 55-73. ISSN 1399-560X Carr, M., Leadbeater, B. and Baldauf, S. (2010) ‘Conserved Meiotic Genes Point to Sex in the Choanoflagellates’ Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , 57 (1), pp. 56-62. ISSN 10665234 King, N., Young, S., Abedin, M., Carr, M. and Leadbeater, B. (2009) ‘The Choanoflagellates: Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates and Sister Group of the Metazoa’. In: Emerging Model Organisms: A Laboratory Manual. : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 1-26. ISBN 978-087969826-3 Carr, M., Nelson, M., Leadbeater, B. and Baldauf, S. (2008) ‘Three Families of LTR Retrotransposons are Present in the Genome of the Choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis’ Protist , 159 (4), pp. 579-590. ISSN 14344610 Carr, M., Leadbeater, B., Hassan, R., Nelson, M. and Baldauf, S. (2008) ‘Molecular phylogeny of choanoflagellates, the sister group to Metazoa’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 105 (43), pp. 16641-16646. ISSN 0027-8424 Leadbeater, B., Hassan, R., Nelson, M., Carr, M. and Baldauf, S. (2008) ‘A new genus, Helgoeca gen. nov., for a nudiform choanoflagellate’ European Journal of Protistology , 44 (3), pp. 227-237. ISSN 09324739 Carr, M (2008) ‘Multiple subfamilies of mariner transposable elements are present in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae)’ Genetica , 132 (2), pp. 113-122. ISSN 0016-6707 Földvári, M., Pomiankowski, A., Cotton, S. and Carr, M. (2007) ‘A morphological and molecular description of a new Teleopsis species (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Thailand’ Zootaxa , 1620, pp. 37-51. ISSN 1175-5326 Carr, M., Cotton, S., Rogers, D., Pomiankowski, A., Smith, H. and Fowler, K. (2006) ‘Assigning sex to pre-adult stalk-eyed flies using genital disc morphology and X chromosome zygosity’ BMC Developmental Biology , 6 (1), p. 29. ISSN 1471213X