研究领域
Organic Materials Research. Our research advances fundamental knowledge of organic electronic and photonic materials, and in many cases the interplay between them, through a hypothesis-driven process of molecular design, effective synthesis, and close collaboration with theoreticians and device scientists. We design molecules with controlled localization and delocalization in conjugated organic materials to probe the influence of molecular structure on bulk properties in nonlinear optics, organic electronics, and surface modification. A thorough understanding of our materials and processes is gained through collaboration with outstanding theoreticians, physicists, device scientists, and engineers at Georgia Tech and throughout the world.
Optical Materials. In this area of research, we aim to increase the third-order nonlinearity of organic materials in a manner that allows for low optical loss due to absorption, which is important in all-optical switching applications. This strategy requires careful design of chromophores that have narrow absorption bands and proper energy state spacing to exploit resonance enhancement of the third-order effect while minimizing loss due one and two-photon absorption. Other recent research includes the design and synthesis of chromophores and materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and organic photovoltaics (OPV). For both DSSC and OPV, we are looking at how structural changes in chromophores and donor-acceptor polymers affect device efficiency due to increased absorption, wavelength of the absorption, interactions between absorbers and other device components, and processability.
Electronics Materials. Dopants for organic electronic materials are an important and growing area of research. We design organometallic and organic p-type dopants for hole transport materials and n-type dopants for electron transport materials. Recently, an organometallic complex with high electron affinity p-doped an organic semiconductor and led to orders of magnitude increase in hole conductivity. Another organometallic complex n-doped vapor deposited electron transport materials resulted in enhanced injection efficiency and led to orders of magnitude increase in the current density. The research is being extended to air stable compounds that successfully dope a variety of electron transport materials in situ. Other research efforts are directed toward new electron transporters that are air-stable and can be ink-jet printed directly into electronic circuits.
Surface Modification. Molecules that bind to planar surfaces and nanoparticles can manipulate surface properties such as work function, wettability, stability, and processability. We have developed a series of materials that bind or adhere to the surface of inorganic and organic semiconductors, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(ethylenedioxy)thiophene (PEDOT), for modifying the semiconductor’s work function to match organic electronic materials for OLEDs, OFETs, and OPVs. Through this modification process, the surface properties can be more stable both before and after device fabrication when compared to work functions modified by other traditional treatments. Other surface modifiers allow for the processing of nanoparticles into composites, which are particularly interesting for high-density energy storage.
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Vandewal, K.; Benduhn, J.; Schellhammer, K. Sebastian; Vangerven, T.; ückert, J. E.; Piersimoni, F.; Scholz, R.; Zeika, O.; Fan, Y.; Barlow, S.; Neher, D.; Marder, S. R.; Manca, J.; Spoltore, D.; Cuniberti, G.; Ortmann, F. Absorption Tails of Donor:C60 Blends Provide Insight into Thermally Activated Charge-Transfer Processes and Polaron Relaxation. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2017.
Nam, S.; Hahm, S. G.; Han, H.; Seo, J.; Kim, C.; Kim, H.; Marder, S. R.; Ree, M.; Kim, Y. All-Polymer Solar Cells with Bulk Heterojunction Films Containing Electron-Accepting Triple Bond-Conjugated Perylene Diimide Polymer. Acs Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2016, 4, 767-774.
Zhang, J. X.; Parker, T. C.; Chen, W.; Williams, L.; Khrustalev, V. N.; Jucov, E. V.; Barlow, S.; Timofeeva, T. V.; Marder, S. R. C-H-Activated Direct Arylation of Strong Benzothiadiazole and Quinoxaline-Based Electron Acceptors. Journal of Organic Chemistry 2016, 81, 360-370.
Fan, Y. L.; Barlow, S.; Zhang, S. Y.; Lin, B. P.; Marder, S. R. Comparison of 3D non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics based on naphthalene diimide and perylene diimide-substituted 9,9 '-bifluorenylidene. Rsc Advances 2016, 6, 70493-70500.
Geier, M. L.; Moudgil, K.; Barlow, S.; Marder, S. R.; Hersam, M. C. Controlled n-Type Doping of Carbon Nanotube Transistors by an Organorhodium Dimer. Nano Letters 2016, 16, 4329-4334.
Gao, Y. T.; Li, X.; Hu, Y.; Fan, Y. L.; Yuan, J. Y.; Robertson, N.; Hua, J. L.; Marder, S. R. Effect of an auxiliary acceptor on D-A-pi-A sensitizers for highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016, 4, 12865-12877.
Sang, L. Z.; Knesting, K. M.; Bulusu, A.; Sigdel, A. K.; Giordano, A. J.; Marder, S. R.; Berry, J. J.; Graham, S.; Ginger, D. S.; Pemberton, J. E. Effect of time and deposition method on quality of phosphonic acid modifier self-assembled monolayers on indium zinc oxide. Applied Surface Science 2016, 389, 190-198.
Akaike, K.; Nardi, M. V.; Oehzelt, M.; Frisch, J.; Opitz, A.; Christodoulou, C.; Ligorio, G.; Beyer, P.; Timpel, M.; Pis, I.; Bondino, F.; Moudgil, K.; Barlow, S.; Marder, S. R.; Koch, N. Effective Work Function Reduction of Practical Electrodes Using an Organometallic Dimer. Advanced Functional Materials 2016, 26, 2493-2502.
Banal, J. L.; Soleimaninejad, H.; Jradi, F. M.; Liu, M. Y.; White, J. M.; Blakers, A. W.; Cooper, M. W.; Jones, D. J.; Ghiggino, K. P.; Marder, S. R.; Smith, T. A.; Wong, W. W. H. Energy Migration in Organic Solar Concentrators with a Molecularly Insulated Perylene Diimide. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120, 12952-12958.
Davydenko, I.; Barlow, S.; Sharma, R.; Benis, S.; Simon, J.; Allen, T. G.; Cooper, M. W.; Khrustalev, V.; Jucov, E. V.; Castaneda, R.; Ordonez, C.; Li, Z. A.; Chi, S. H.; Jang, S. H.; Parker, T. C.; Timofeeva, T. V.; Perry, J. W.; Jen, A. K. Y.; Hagan, D. J.; Van Stryland, E. W.; Marder, S. R. Facile Incorporation of Pd(PPh3)(2)Hal Substituents into Polymethines, Merocyanines, and Perylene Diimides as a Means of Suppressing Intermolecular Interactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2016, 138, 10112-10115.
Lin, Y. Z.; Zhao, F. W.; He, Q.; Huo, L. J.; Wu, Y.; Parker, T. C.; Ma, W.; Sun, Y. M.; Wang, C. R.; Zhu, D. B.; Heeger, A. J.; Marder, S. R.; Zhan, X. W. High-Performance Electron Acceptor with Thienyl Side Chains for Organic Photovoltaics. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2016, 138, 4955-4961.
Lin, X.; Purdum, G. E.; Zhang, Y. D.; Barlow, S.; Marder, S. R.; Loo, Y. L.; Kahn, A. Impact of a Low Concentration of Dopants on the Distribution of Gap States in a Molecular Semiconductor. Chemistry of Materials 2016, 28, 2677-2684.
Zheng, Y. L.; Jradi, F. M.; Parker, T. C.; Barlow, S.; Marder, S. R.; Saavedra, S. S. Influence of Molecular Aggregation on Electron Transfer at the Perylene Diimide/Indium-Tin Oxide Interface. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016, 8, 34089-34097.
Shi, Q. Q.; Zhang, S. Y.; Zhang, J. X.; Oswald, V. F.; Amassian, A.; Marder, S. R.; Blakey, S. B. (KOBu)-Bu-t-Initiated Aryl C-H Iodination: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of High Electron Affinity Compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2016, 138, 3946-3949.
Marder, S. R. Materials for third-order nonlinear optics. Mrs Bulletin 2016, 41, 53-58.
Kaafarani, B. R.; Risko, C.; El-Assaad, T. H.; El-Ballouli, A. O.; Marder, S. R.; Barlow, S. Mixed-Valence Cations of Di(carbazol-9-yl) Biphenyl, Tetrahydropyrene, and Pyrene Derivatives. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120, 3156-3166.
Ensley, T. R.; Hu, H. H.; Reichert, M.; Ferdinandus, M. R.; Peceli, D.; Hales, J. M.; Perry, J. W.; Li, Z. A.; Jang, S. H.; Jen, A. K. Y.; Marder, S. R.; Hagan, D. J.; Van Stryland, E. W. Quasi-three-level model applied to measured spectra of nonlinear absorption and refraction in organic molecules. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics 2016, 33, 780-796.
Chang, Y. C.; Liu, C. H.; Liu, C. H.; Zhang, S. Y.; Marder, S. R.; Narimanov, E. E.; Zhong, Z. H.; Norris, T. B. Realization of mid-infrared graphene hyperbolic metamaterials. Nature Communications 2016, 7, 7.
Kirmani, A. R.; Kiani, A.; Said, M. M.; Voznyy, O.; Wehbe, N.; Walters, G.; Barlow, S.; Sargent, E. H.; Marder, S. R.; Amassian, A. Remote Molecular Doping of Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics. Acs Energy Letters 2016, 1, 922-930.
Choi, S.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Wang, C. Y.; Khan, T. M.; Larrain, F. A.; Zhang, Y. D.; Barlow, S.; Marder, S. R.; Kippelen, B. A Study on Reducing Contact Resistance in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016, 8, 24744-24752.
Zheng, Y. L.; Giordano, A. J.; Shallcross, R. C.; Fleming, S. R.; Barlow, S.; Armstrong, N. R.; Marder, S. R.; Saavedra, S. S. Surface Modification of Indium Tin Oxide with Functionalized Perylene Diimides: Characterization of Orientation, Electron-Transfer Kinetics and Electronic Structure. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120, 20040-20048.
Mohapatra, S. K.; Zhang, Y. D.; Sandhu, B.; Fonari, M. S.; Timofeeva, T. V.; Marder, S. R.; Barlow, S. Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures of molybdenum complexes of unsymmetrical electron-poor dithiolene ligands. Polyhedron 2016, 116, 88-95.