个人简介

1989 Diploma, Universität zu Köln, Germany 1992 Ph. D., Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 1992-94 Postdoctoral researcher, University of Nottingham, U.K. 1994-97 Feodor Lynen fellow, University of California at Los Angeles

研究领域

Materials Chemistry/Organic Chemistry

Host-guest chemistry and peptide chemistry Host-Guest Chemistry; Supramolecular Chemistry; Design and Synthesis of Molecular Containers; Inner Phase Chemistry and Catalysis; Reactive Intermediates; Strained Hydrocarbons; De Novo Design of Helical Peptides; Conformationally Constrained Amino Acids; Peptide-based Ion-Channels; Photochemical Triggers for Protein Folding Host-Guest isolation of reactive intermediates: 1,2,4,6-cycloheptatetraene The enantiomerization of 1,2,4,6-cycloheptatetraene (CHTE) in the inner phase of a chiral hemicarcerand. The enantiomerization of CHTE via the planar cycloheptatrienylidene (CHT) as the transition state is an important part of the phenylcarbene rearrangement. Recently, we generated CHTE photochemically in the inner phase of a chiral hemicarcerand, which prevented the dimerization of the highly strained guest. This allowed us to measure the exchange rate between the two diastereomeric CHTE hemicarceplexes (left and right structures) and to determine the enantiomerization barrier. Host-Guest isolation of reactive intermediates: o-benzyne The photochemical generation of o-benzyne in the inner phase of a hemicarcerand (center). Photolysis of incarcerated benzocyclobutenedione yields o-benzyne and two molecules of CO, which escape the inner phase (bottom right bull eye). The surrounding hemicarcerand protected the highly strained o-benzyne from self-destruction, e.g. dimerization, and allowed us to characterize for the first time o-benzyne by liquid phase NMR spectroscopy. Partial 13C-NMR spectra of a fully 13C-labeled o-benzyne are shown in the bull eyes on the left side and in the upper right corner. Conformationally constrained peptides A conformationally constrained lysine induces a single alpha helical turn in a short peptide.

近期论文

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o-Benzyne: Strained Alkyne or a Cumulene?-NMR Characterization in a MolecularContainer. Ralf Warmuth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1347-1350. pdf First innermolecular Diels-Alder reaction of o-benzyne inside a molecular container compound. Ralf Warmuth, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1998, 59-60. pdf The Inner Phase of Molecular Container Compounds as a Novel Reaction Environment. Ralf Warmuth, J. Inclusion Phenomena and Molecular Recognition in Chemistry, 2000, 37, 1-38. 1,2,4,6-Cycloheptatetraene: Room temperature stabilization inside a hemicarcerand. Ralf Warmuth and Melissa A. Marvel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2000, 39, 1117-1119. pdf Inner Phase Stabilization of Reactive Intermediates. Ralf Warmuth, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2001, 423-437. pdf Chemistry and Properties of Cycloheptatetraene Inside a Hemicarcerand. Ralf Warmuth and Melissa A. Marvel, Chem. Eur. J., 2001, 7, 1209-1220. pdf Recent Highlights in Hemicarcerand Chemistry. Ralf Warmuth and Juyoung Yoon, Accounts of Chemical Research, 2001, 34, 95-105. pdf Enantioselective synthesis of benzocyclic alpha, alpha-dialkyl-amino acids: New insight into the solvent dependent stereoselectivity of the TMS-CN addition to phenylglycinol derived imines. Ralf Warmuth, Tamara E. Munsch, Robert A. Stalker, Bing Li and Alicia Beatty, Tetrahedron., 2001, 57, 6383-6397. pdf The Enantiomerization Barrier of 5-Methylcyclohepta-1,2,4,6-tetraene. Ralf Warmuth, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 6955-6956. pdf Rate Acceleration Through Dispersion Interactions: Insight into the Effect of a Hemicarcerand on the Transition State of Inner Phase Diazirine Decompositions. Ralf Warmuth, Jean-Luc Kerdelhue, Sigifredo Sanchez Carrera, Kevin J. Langenwalter, and Neil Brown. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2002, 41, 96-99. pdf Asymmetric Synthesis of two new Conformationally Constrained Lysine Derivatives. Ralf Warmuth, Tamara E. Munsch, Robert A. Stalker, Jacquelyn D. Tran, Xiaoping Nie, Alicia Beatty, and Christer Aakeroy, Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 4837-4849. pdf Chiral recognition by hemicarcerand-like host in aqueous solution. Harmit Singh and Ralf Warmuth, Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 1257-1264. pdf Mapping the Potential Energy Surface of the Tolylcarbene Rearrangement in the Inner Phase of a Hemicarcerand. Jean-Luc Kerdelhue, Kevin J. Langenwalter, Ralf Warmuth, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 973-986. pdf Temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effect and tunneling contribution in the innermolecular reaction of phenylcarbene inside a hemicarcerand. Carly Kemmis and Ralf Warmuth, J. Supramol. Chem. 2003, 253 - 267. Through-shell alkyl lithium additions and borane reductions. Ralf Warmuth, Emily F. Maverick, Carolyn, B. Knobler and Donald J. Cram, J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 2077-2088. pdf The room-temperature stabilization of bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-ene and bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1-ene. Paul Roach and Ralf Warmuth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2003, 42, 3039-3042. pdf The Phenylnitrene Rearrangement in the Inner Phase of a Hemicarcerand. Ralf Warmuth and Slawomir Makowiec, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 1084-1085. pdf Fluorophenoxycarbene inside a hemicarcerand: a bottled singlet carbene. Xuejun Liu, Gaosheng Chu, Robert A. Moss, Ronald R. Sauers, and Ralf Warmuth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2005, 44, 1994-1997. pdf A ’Through-Shell’ Binding Isotope Effect. Yong Liu and Ralf Warmuth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2005, 44, 7107-7110. pdf One-Pot 18 Component Synthesis of an Octahedral Nanocontainer Molecule. Xuejun Liu, Yong Liu, Gina Li, Ralf Warmuth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2006, 45, 901-904. pdf Solvent Effects in Thermodynamically Controlled Multi-Component Nanocapsule Syntheses. Xuejun Liu and Ralf Warmuth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14120 – 14127. pdf Photochemical and Thermal Reactions of Intermediates in the Phenylnitrene. Rearrangement Inside a Hemicarcerand. Ralf Warmuth and Slawomir Makowiec, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 1233-1241. pdf A simple one-pot multi-component synthesis of an octahedral nanocontainer molecule. Xuejun Liu and Ralf Warmuth, Nature Protocols 2007, 2, 1288-1296. pdf Isotope Effects as Probe of Constrictive and Intrinsic Binding in Hemicarceplexes. Yong Liu and Ralf Warmuth, Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 2883 – 2886. pdf Multi-component Dynamic Covalent Assembly of a Rhombicuboctahedral Nanocapsule. Yong Liu, Xuejun Liu and Ralf Warmuth, Chemistry. A European Journal 2007, 13, 8953 – 8959. pdf Multi-Component Synthesis of Tetracavitand Nanocapsules. Xuejun Liu, Yong Liu, and Ralf Warmuth, Supramolecular Chemistry 2008, 20, 41 - 50. Edge-directed dynamic covalent synthesis of a chiral nanocube. Di Xu and Ralf Warmuth, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 7520-7521. pdf Water-soluble octahedral polyammonium nanocapsules: Synthesis and encapsulation studies. Xuejun Liu and Ralf Warmuth, Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, 7303-7310. pdf Innermolecular Reactions of Fluorophenylcarbene Inside a Hemicarcerand. Zhifeng Lu, Robert A. Moss, Ronald R. Sauers, and Ralf Warmuth. Organic Letters, 2009, 11, 3866-3869. pdf Reactions Inside Carcerands. Ralf Warmuth, in Molecular Encapsulation: Reactions in Constrained Systems, Udo H. Brinker, Jean-Luc Mieusset (Eds.), John Wiley, 2010, Chapter 9, 227-268. Thermodynamically-controlled synthesis of a chiral tetra-cavitand nanocapsule and mechanism of enantiomerization. Junling Sun, James L. Bennett, Thomas J. Emge and Ralf Warmuth, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, ASAP pdf Templated dynamic cryptophane formation in water. Cécile Givelet, Junling Sun, Di Xu, Thomas J. Emge, Ashwini Dhokte and Ralf Warmuth. Chem. Commun., 2011, in press. DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10510h