个人简介

Ph.D. 1971, University of Darmstadt, Germany

研究领域

Dynamics of Complex Nuclear Reactions at intermediate and high energies

The research of the Nuclear Chemistry Group explores fundamental properties of nuclear matter and the dynamics of complex nuclear reactions induced by heavy ions or relativistic protons/antiprotons. Such information is relevant for understanding the structure of cosmological objects (neutron stars), as well as for processes like the production of heavy elements during the evolution of stars, the generation of cosmic rays, and supernova dynamics. Experimental and theoretical studies of nuclear fragmentation into clusters are conducted to explore in-medium nucleonic interactions and microscopic correlations. This research contributes to the fundamental interdisciplinary task of understanding formation, decay, and properties of clusters as microscopic, quantum objects. New accelerator facilities have opened a new area of research: the study of phenomena associated with the neutron-proton asymmetry, e.g., the isospin dependence of nuclear interactions and of the nuclear equation of state. Interesting reaction phenomena include the survival of massive projectile and target remnants even in energetic head-on collisions, as well as the emission of simple and complex nuclear fragments on a fast time scale. Consistency and kinematics of these products are indicative of non-equilibrium cluster decay processes reminiscent of the sudden fracture of disordered media. Specific goals of the research program include tests for the equilibration of excitation energies and mass-to-charge densities of colliding projectile and target nuclei. A search is being conducted for limits to the stability of hot nuclear systems undergoing novel decay processes. This study utilizes relativistic protons and antiprotons, in addition to heavy ions. Relativistic nucleons are also used to induce cascades of spallation reactions in different materials, processes which are both of theoretical interest and practical relevance for the transmutation of materials. Unique experimental techniques employed by the nuclear chemistry group include the use of combinations of highly efficient 4p charged-particle detector arrays and neutron calorimeters, of sophisticated time-of -flight spectrometers, multi-element solid-state detectors, and detector telescopes of broad dynamic range. The group develops signal-processing electronics at the leading edge of present-day technology. Experiments have been performed at various nuclear research centers in the United States and Europe.

近期论文

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Pirrone, S., Politi, G., La Commara, M., Wieleczko, J. P., Ademard, G., De Filippo, E., Vigilante, M., Amorini, F., Auditore, L., Beck, C., Berceanu, I., Bonnet, E., Borderie, B., Cardella, G., Chbihi, A., Colonna, M., D’Onofrio, A., Frankland, J. D., Geraci, E., Henry, E., La Guidara, E., Lanzalone, G., Lautesse, P., Lebhertz, D., Le Neindre, N., Lombardo, I., Loria, D., Mazurek, K., Pagano, A., Papa, M., Piasecki, E., Porto, F., Quinlan, M., Rizzo, F., Rosato E., Russotto, P., Schroeder, W. U., Spadaccini, G., Trifirò, A., Toke, J., Trimarchi M., Verde, G. "ISODEC Experiment: Study and Comparison of the Decay Mode of 78Kr+40Ca and 86Kr+48Ca systems at 10 AMeV," EPJ Web of Conferences 2011, 17, 16010. PaweŁczak, I. A., Tõke, J., Henry, E., Quinlan, M., Singh, H., Schröder, W. U. "NSTAR -A Capture Gated Plastic Neutron Detector," Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A. 2011, 629, 230-238. Gawlikowicz, W., Agnihotri, D. K., Schröder, W. U., Tõke J., Charity, R. J., Sobotka, L. G., deSouza, R. T., Sosin, Z., Barczyk, T., Micek, S., Planeta, R., Grotowski, K. "Correlations between Reaction Product Yields as a Tool of Probing Heavy-Ion Reaction Scenarios," Phys. Rev. C 2010, 81, 014604-014610. Tõke, J. and Schröder, W. U. "Common signatures of statistical Coulomb fragmentation of highly excited nuclei and phase transitions in confined microcanonical systems," Phys. Rev. C 2009, 79, 064622. Ye, Y., Tõke, J. and Schröder, W. U. "Isoscaling in statistical fragment emission in an extended compound nucleus model," Phys. Lett. B 2009, 676, 193-198. Tõke, J., Quinlan, M. J., Gawlikowicz, W. and Schröder, W. U. "A simple method for rise-time discrimination of slow pulses from charge-sensitive preamplifiers," Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 2008, 595, 460-463. Quinlan, M. J., Shmayda, W. T., Lim, S., Salnikov, S., Chambers, Z., Pollock, E. and Schröder, W. U. "Effects of H2O and H2O2 on thermal desorption of tritium from stainless steel," Fusion Science and Technology 2008, 54, 519-522. Herbach, C. M., Hilscher, D., Jahnke, U., Tishchenko, V. G., Galin, J., Letourneau, A., Peghaire, A., Filges, D., Goldenbaum, F., Pienkowski, L., Schröder, W. U. and Tõke, J. "Systematic investigation of 1.2-GeV proton-induced spallation reactions on targets between Al and U," Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 2006, 562, 729-732. Herbach, C. M., Hilscher, D., Jahnke, U., Tishchenko, V. G., Galin, J., Letourneau, A., Peghaire, A., Filges, D., Goldenbaum, F., Pienkowski, L., Schröder, W. U. and Tõke, J. "Charged-particle evaporation and pre-equilibrium emission in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions," Nucl. Phys. A 2006, 765, 426-463. Alderighi, M., Amorini, F., Anzalone, A., Arena, N., Auditore, L., Bassini, R., Boiano, C., Cardella, G., Cavallaro, S., Chatterjee, M. B., D'andrea, M., De Filippo, E., Fichera, F., Geraci, E., Giustolisi, F., Guardone, N., Grimaldi, A., Guazzoni, P., La Guidara, E., Lanzano, G., Lanzalone, G., Maiolino, C., Nicotra, D., Pagano, A., Papa, M., Pirrone, S., Politi, G., Porto, F., Pullia, A., Rizzo, F., Russo, S., Russotto, P., Santonocito, D., Sacca, G., Sassi, M., Schröder, W. U., Sechi, G. R., Trifiro, A., Tõke, J., Trimarchi, M., Urso, S. and Zetta, L. "Particle identification via pulse shape analysis for large-area silicon detectors of the CHIMERA array," Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 2005, 52, 1624-1629. Tishchenko, V., Herbach, C. M., Hilscher, D., Jahnke, U., Galin, J., Goldenbaum, F., Letourneau, A. and Schröder, W. U. "Fast decision in favor of the slow fission process," Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95. Toke, J., Pienkowski, L., Sobotka, L. G., Houck, M. and Schröder, W. U. "Retardation of particle evaporation from excited nuclear systems due to thermal expansion," Physical Review C 2005, 72. Sobotka, L. G., Charity, R. J., Tõke, J. and Schröder, W. U. "Caloric curve for mononuclear configurations," Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93. Li, B. A., Schröder, W. U. (Eds.) "Isospin Physics in Heavy-Ion Reactions at Intermediate Energies," Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2001. Schröder, W. U. (Ed.) "Nuclear Fission and Heavy-Ion-Induced Reactions," Harwood Academic Publishers, New York, 1987. Schröder, W. U., Huizenga, J. R. "Damped Nuclear Reactions," in Treatise on Heavy-Ion Science, D.A. Bromley (Ed.) Plenum Press, Vol. 2, 1984.