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Kaposi sarcoma.
Nature Reviews Disease Primers ( IF 76.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-31 , DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9
Ethel Cesarman 1 , Blossom Damania 2 , Susan E Krown 3 , Jeffrey Martin 4 , Mark Bower 5 , Denise Whitby 6
Affiliation  

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) gained public attention as an AIDS-defining malignancy; its appearance on the skin was a highly stigmatizing sign of HIV infection during the height of the AIDS epidemic. The widespread introduction of effective antiretrovirals to control HIV by restoring immunocompetence reduced the prevalence of AIDS-related KS, although KS does occur in individuals with well-controlled HIV infection. KS also presents in individuals without HIV infection in older men (classic KS), in sub-Saharan Africa (endemic KS) and in transplant recipients (iatrogenic KS). The aetiologic agent of KS is KS herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus-8), and viral proteins can induce KS-associated cellular changes that enable the virus to evade the host immune system and allow the infected cell to survive and proliferate despite viral infection. Currently, most cases of KS occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where KSHV infection is prevalent owing to transmission by saliva in childhood compounded by the ongoing AIDS epidemic. Treatment for early AIDS-related KS in previously untreated patients should start with the control of HIV with antiretrovirals, which frequently results in KS regression. In advanced-stage KS, chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is the most common treatment, although it is seldom curative. In sub-Saharan Africa, KS continues to have a poor prognosis. Newer treatments for KS based on the mechanisms of its pathogenesis are being explored.

中文翻译:

 卡波西肉瘤。


卡波西肉瘤(KS)作为一种艾滋病定义的恶性肿瘤而引起了公众的关注;在艾滋病流行最严重的时期,它在皮肤上的出现是艾滋病毒感染的一个高度耻辱的迹象。尽管 KS 确实发生在 HIV 感染得到良好控制的个体中,但广泛引入有效的抗逆转录病毒药物通过恢复免疫能力来控制 HIV 降低了 AIDS 相关 KS 的患病率。 KS 也出现在未感染 HIV 的老年男性(典型 KS)、撒哈拉以南非洲地区(地方性 KS)和移植受者(医源性 KS)中。 KS 的病原体是 KS 疱疹病毒(KSHV;也称为人类疱疹病毒 8),病毒蛋白可以诱导 KS 相关的细胞变化,使病毒能够逃避宿主免疫系统,并允许受感染的细胞在病毒感染。目前,大多数 KS 病例发生在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,由于儿童期唾液传播以及持续的艾滋病流行,KSHV 感染很普遍。对于先前未接受治疗的患者,对早期艾滋病相关 KS 的治疗应从使用抗逆转录病毒药物控制 HIV 开始,这通常会导致 KS 消退。对于晚期 KS,聚乙二醇化脂质体阿霉素或紫杉醇化疗是最常见的治疗方法,但很少能治愈。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,KS 的预后仍然较差。正在探索基于 KS 发病机制的新治疗方法。
更新日期:2019-05-16
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