One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) were synthesized by a facile and effective hydrothermal method using the mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) with a molar ratio of 1:1 as the complex surfactant. The microstructure and morphology were characterized using of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the ZNRs are of a single crystal hexagonal wurtzite structure, having a larger length-to-diameter ratio with more regular surface morphology compared with the ZnO products obtained in the presence of only SDS or PEG400. A possible growth mechanism was proposed based the mediation reaction of the complex surfactant. Gas sensing measurements indicated that the ZNRs assisted by the complex surfactant demonstrated excellent ethanol sensing properties at an optimal operating temperature of 300 °C, which could be ascribed to their large length-to-diameter ratio, one-dimensional structure, and numerous surface defects of oxygen vacancies.

通过十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和聚乙二醇400（PEG400）的摩尔比为1：1的混合物作为复合表面活性剂，通过简便有效的水热法合成了一维（1D）ZnO纳米棒（ZNR）。使用X射线衍射，场发射扫描电子显微镜，透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱表征了微观结构和形态。结果表明，与仅在SDS或PEG400存在下获得的ZnO产物相比，ZNR具有单晶六方纤锌矿结构，具有更大的长径比和更规则的表面形态。根据复合表面活性剂的介导反应，提出了一种可能的生长机理。