Malocclusion is a worldwide dental problem that influences the affected individuals to varying degrees. Many factors contribute to the anomaly in dentition, including hereditary and environmental aspects. Dental caries, pulpal and periapical lesions, dental trauma, abnormality of development, and oral habits are most common dental diseases in children that strongly relate to malocclusion. Management of oral health in the early childhood stage is carried out in clinic work of pediatric dentistry to minimize the unwanted effect of these diseases on dentition. This article highlights these diseases and their impacts on malocclusion in sequence. Prevention, treatment, and management of these conditions are also illustrated in order to achieve successful oral health for children and adolescents, even for their adult stage.

咬合不正是一个世界性的牙齿问题，在不同程度上影响受影响的个体。许多因素导致牙列异常，包括遗传和环境方面。龋齿、牙髓和根尖周病变、牙齿外伤、发育异常和口腔习惯是儿童最常见的牙齿疾病，与咬合不正密切相关。在儿科牙科的临床工作中，对儿童早期的口腔健康进行管理，以尽量减少这些疾病对牙列的不良影响。本文依次重点介绍这些疾病及其对咬合不正的影响。还说明了这些情况的预防、治疗和管理，以实现儿童和青少年的成功口腔健康，甚至是他们的成年阶段。