Individuals with autism and individuals with dyslexia both show reduced use of previous sensory information (stimuli statistics) in perceptual tasks, even though these are very different neurodevelopmental disorders. To better understand how past sensory information influences the perceptual experience in these disorders, we first investigated the trial-by-trial performance of neurotypical participants in a serial discrimination task. Neurotypical participants overweighted recent stimuli, revealing fast updating of internal sensory models, which is adaptive in changing environments. They also weighted the detailed stimuli distribution inferred by longer-term accumulation of stimuli statistics, which is adaptive in stable environments. Compared to neurotypical participants, individuals with dyslexia weighted earlier stimuli less heavily, whereas individuals with autism spectrum disorder weighted recent stimuli less heavily. Investigating the dynamics of perceptual inference reveals that individuals with dyslexia rely more on information about the immediate past, whereas perception in individuals with autism is dominated by longer-term statistics.

中文翻译：

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知觉偏见显示自闭症的缓慢更新和阅读障碍的快速遗忘。

自闭症患者和阅读障碍患者在感知任务中都显示出减少使用先前的感官信息（刺激统计），即使这些是非常不同的神经发育障碍。为了更好地了解过去的感官信息如何影响这些疾病的知觉体验，我们首先研究了在一系列歧视性任务中神经性典型参与者的逐项试验表现。典型的神经病参与者加重了最近的刺激，显示出内部感官模型的快速更新，这种模型可以适应不断变化的环境。他们还对长期累积的刺激统计数据推断出的详细刺激分布进行了加权，这在稳定的环境中是自适应的。与神经型参与者相比，诵读困难的人对早期刺激的加权较小，而自闭症谱系障碍患者对近期刺激的加权较小。调查知觉推理的动态表明，阅读障碍的人更多地依赖于有关过去的信息，而自闭症患者的知觉主要由长期统计数据决定。