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Enantioselective Toxicity of Chiral Herbicide Metolachlor to Microcystis aeruginosa
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04813
Siyu Chen 1 , Lijuan Zhang 1 , Hui Chen 2 , Zunwei Chen 3 , Yuezhong Wen 1
Affiliation  

The enantioselective effects of chiral herbicides on aquatic organisms have received increasing attention. As one kind of freshwater algae responsible for most algal blooms, Microcystis aeruginosa can produce hepatotoxic microcystin and cause serious health concerns for drinking water. Thus, the effects of chiral herbicides on M. aeruginosa are of vital significance but poorly understood, especially as the structures of chiral herbicides become more complex. In this study, the enantioselective effects of four metolachlor enantiomers based on carbon center and axis chirality on M. aeruginosa were investigated for the first time at an enantiomeric level. The results of the investigation into algal growth inhibition, chlorophyll a content, and cell integrity indicated that (S)-metolachlor [(S)-Met] was significantly more toxic than any other isomer. The toxicity ranking of different enantiomers at the highest concentration (15 mg/L) against M. aeruginosa was (S)-Met > (αR,1′S)-Met > (αS,1′S)-Met > (αS,1′R)-Met > (αR,1′R)-Met, with (αS,1′S)-Met and (αR,1′S)-Met displaying a synergistic effect. Additionally, the Fe distribution in M. aeruginosa presented distinct enantioselectivity, which may contribute to the enantioselective toxicity of metolachlor. Furthermore, metolachlor upregulated the expression of genes mcyD and mcyH in an enantioselective manner, indicating that this herbicide can potentially promote the synthesis and efflux of microcystin, thus aggravating agricultural water contamination to different extents. Overall, this study will help to understand the ecotoxicity of metolachlor at a deeper level and provide theoretical insights into the enantioselective behaviors of metolachlor.

中文翻译:

手性除草剂甲草胺对铜绿微囊藻的对映选择性毒性

手性除草剂对水生生物的对映选择性作用已引起越来越多的关注。铜绿微囊藻作为负责大多数藻类繁殖的一种淡水藻类,会产生肝毒性微囊藻毒素,对饮用水造成严重的健康问题。因此,手性除草剂对铜绿假单胞菌的作用具有至关重要的意义,但知之甚少,特别是当手性除草剂的结构变得更加复杂时。在这项研究中,基于碳中心和轴手性4分异丙甲草胺的对映体对映选择性的影响铜绿微囊藻的对映体水平进行了研究,第一次。藻类生长抑制物叶绿素a的调查结果含量和细胞完整性表明(S)-异丙甲草胺[(S)-Met]的毒性比其他任何异构体都要高。毒性在针对最高浓度(15毫克/升)的排名不同对映异构体的微囊藻为(小号)-Met>(α [R,1'小号)-Met>(α小号,1'小号)-Met>( α小号,1' - [R)-Met>(α [R,1' - [R)-Met,用(α小号,1'小号)-Met和(α [R,1'小号)-Met显示具有协同效应。另外,铁的分布铜绿假单胞菌表现出独特的对映选择性,这可能与异丙甲草胺的对映选择性毒性有关。此外,异丙甲草胺以对映选择性方式上调了基因mcy D和mcy H的表达,表明该除草剂可以潜在地促进微囊藻毒素的合成和外排,从而在不同程度上加剧了农业用水的污染。总体而言,这项研究将有助于更深入地了解异丙甲草胺的生态毒性,并提供有关异丙甲草胺对映选择性行为的理论见解。
更新日期:2019-01-23
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