Recommended Practices and Benchmark Activity for Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting and Fuel Cells,Advanced Materials

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Recommended Practices and Benchmark Activity for Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting and Fuel Cells
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-18 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806296
Chao Wei _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Reshma R. Rao _{5,

6} , Jiayu Peng _{5,

7} , Botao Huang _{5,

8} , Ifan E. L. Stephens ₉ , Marcel Risch ₁₀ , Zhichuan J. Xu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

11} , Yang Shao‐Horn _{5,

6,

7,

8}

Affiliation

School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore 1 CREATE way Singapore 138602 Singapore
Solar Fuels LaboratoryNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
Electrochemical Energy LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
Research Laboratory of ElectronicsMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
Department of MaterialsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
Institute of Materials PhysicsUniversity of Goettingen Friedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and EnterpriseNEW‐CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Techno‐logical Enterprise (CREATE) 138602 Singapore

Electrochemical energy storage by making H₂ an energy carrier from water splitting relies on four elementary reactions, i.e., the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, the central objective is to recommend systematic protocols for activity measurements of these four reactions and benchmark activities for comparison, which is critical to facilitate the research and development of catalysts with high activity and stability. Details for the electrochemical cell setup, measurements, and data analysis used to quantify the kinetics of the HER, HOR, OER, and ORR in acidic and basic solutions are provided, and examples of state‐of‐the‐art specific and mass activity of catalysts to date are given. First, the experimental setup is discussed to provide common guidelines for these reactions, including the cell design, reference electrode selection, counter electrode concerns, and working electrode preparation. Second, experimental protocols, including data collection and processing such as ohmic‐ and background‐correction and catalyst surface area estimation, and practice for testing and comparing different classes of catalysts are recommended. Lastly, the specific and mass activity activities of some state‐of‐the‐art catalysts are benchmarked to facilitate the comparison of catalyst activity for these four reactions across different laboratories.

中文翻译：

水分解和燃料电池中氢和氧电催化的推荐做法和基准活性

通过使H ₂进行电化学储能来自水分解的能量载体依赖于四个基本反应，即氢释放反应（HER），氢氧化反应（HOR），氧释放反应（OER）和氧还原反应（ORR）。在此，主要目标是为这四个反应的活性测量推荐系统的方案，并为比较提供基准活性，这对促进具有高活性和稳定性的催化剂的研究和开发至关重要。提供了用于量化酸性和碱性溶液中HER，HOR，OER和ORR动力学的电化学电池设置，测量和数据分析的详细信息，并提供了最新的比重和质量活度的示例。给出了迄今为止的催化剂。首先，我们讨论了实验装置，以提供有关这些反应的通用准则，包括电池设计，参比电极选择，对电极问题和工作电极准备。其次，推荐实验方案，包括数据收集和处理，如欧姆校正和背景校正以及催化剂表面积估算，以及测试和比较不同类别催化剂的实践。最后，对一些最先进的催化剂的比活和质量活度进行了基准测试，以促进在不同实验室之间对这四个反应的催化剂活度进行比较。并建议对不同类别的催化剂进行测试和比较的实践。最后，对一些最先进的催化剂的比活和质量活度进行了基准测试，以促进在不同实验室之间对这四个反应的催化剂活度进行比较。并建议对不同类别的催化剂进行测试和比较的实践。最后，对一些最先进的催化剂的比活和质量活度进行了基准测试，以促进在不同实验室之间对这四个反应的催化剂活度进行比较。

更新日期：2019-01-18

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